發(fā)布時間：2018-11-01 19:25

【摘要】：RAD測序技術是近年來進行SNP開發(fā)和利用最為有效的高通量測序技術之一,然而迄今為止,在中國家兔地方群體遺傳資源方面,尚未見報道。因此,將這種SNP標記開發(fā)技術引入到家兔遺傳育種行業(yè),實現(xiàn)大數(shù)據(jù)測序,為家兔群體遺傳研究和培育提供新的技術支持。試驗以6個地方家兔品種(九嶷山兔、萬載兔、四川白兔、云南花兔、福建黃兔、閩西南黑兔)和2個引進家兔品種(新西蘭兔、比利時兔)為研究對象,共73個樣品,利用RAD測序技術對常染色體和Y染色體進行高通量測序,基于檢測到的SNPs信息進行各品種之間的遺傳關系研究以及選擇壓力分析。經(jīng)高通量測序平臺Illumina HiSeq3000測序共檢測到7717345個SNP位點,各群體SNP數(shù)量從4147507個到4626057個變化不等。常染色體進化樹結果表明,各家兔品種獨自聚為一類,分群明顯。中國家兔地方品種中,萬載兔與閩西南黑兔遺傳關系最近,然后依次與四川白兔、福建黃兔、九嶷山兔聚類,親緣關系依次變遠。中國家兔地方品種與外來引進家兔品種(新西蘭兔、比利時兔)遺傳關系較遠,屬于不同的類群,推斷中國家兔并非起源于歐洲,中國可能是家兔起源和馴化最早的地區(qū)之一。中國家兔地方品種中的福建黃兔、九嶷山兔、閩西南黑兔、云南花兔血液復雜,曾引進過多種家兔血液,萬載兔、四川白兔血液單一。Y染色體結果表明,萬載兔和閩西南黑兔親緣關系最近,然后與四川白兔聚為一類,此結果與常染色體分析結果一致,與外群家兔遺傳關系較遠,再次證明中國家兔并非起源于歐洲,中國可能是家兔起源和馴化最早的地區(qū)之一。福建黃兔、云南花兔、九嶷山兔親緣關系與常染色體存在差異,有待進一步研究確定。比利時兔、新西蘭兔、萬載兔、四川白兔、閩西南黑兔血液組成雖然比較復雜,但存在一種主血液,福建黃兔、云南花兔、九嶷山兔血液最復雜且沒有主血液,推斷可能曾進行過廣泛且頻繁的基因交流,與常染色體分析結果一致。家兔Y染色體的群體遺傳分析與常染色體結果基本吻合,為家兔群體遺傳關系的推斷提供了良好的輔助作用。以新西蘭兔作為外群,將6個地方品種與其進行受選擇壓力分析,福建黃兔篩選到26個基因,九嶷山兔篩選到17個基因,閩西南黑兔篩選到31個基因,四川白兔篩選到31個基因,萬載兔篩選到45個基因,云南花兔篩選到0個基因。各基因參與機體代謝及功能調(diào)控過程,影響各個家兔品種的性狀及生產(chǎn)性能。找到長期育種工作保留下來的地方品種優(yōu)良基因,對后期的育種工作提供很好的參考。在以后的育種過程中,仍要對育種群體保持一定的選擇壓力,繼續(xù)改善育種群體的優(yōu)良性狀,更加注重科學地保護與利用。
[Abstract]:RAD sequencing technology is one of the most effective high-throughput sequencing techniques for SNP development and utilization in recent years. However, up to now, no reports have been reported on the genetic resources of local populations of Chinese rabbits. Therefore, this SNP marker development technique was introduced into rabbit genetics and breeding industry, and big data sequencing was realized, which provided new technical support for the research and breeding of rabbit population. Six local rabbit breeds (Jiuyi Mountain rabbit, Wan Che rabbit, Sichuan white rabbit, Yunnan flower rabbit, Fujian yellow rabbit, southwestern Fujian black rabbit) and two imported rabbit breeds (New Zealand rabbit, Belgian rabbit) were used as the study objects. High throughput sequencing of autosomes and Y chromosomes was carried out by using RAD sequencing technique. Genetic relationships and selection pressures among varieties were studied based on detected SNPs information. A total of 7717345 SNP loci were detected by Illumina HiSeq3000 sequencing on a high-throughput sequencing platform. The number of SNP in each population varied from 4147,507 to 4626057. The results of autosomal phylogenetic tree showed that all rabbit breeds were grouped into one group and distinct groups. Among the local Chinese rabbit varieties, the genetic relationship between the Chinese white rabbits and the black rabbits in southwestern Fujian was the closest, followed by clustering with Sichuan white rabbits, Fujian yellow rabbits and Jiuyishan rabbits. The genetic relationship between Chinese local rabbit and imported rabbit (New Zealand rabbit, Belgian rabbit) is far away and belongs to different groups. It is inferred that Chinese rabbit is not originated from Europe, and that China may be one of the earliest regions of rabbit origin and domestication. Fujian yellow rabbit, Jiuyi mountain rabbit, southwestern Fujian black rabbit, Yunnan flower rabbit have introduced many kinds of rabbit blood. The genetic relationship between Wanchai rabbit and southwestern Fujian black rabbit is close, and then it is a group of Sichuan white rabbits. This result is consistent with autosomal analysis and is far from that of outer group rabbits. It is proved that Chinese rabbits did not originate from Europe. China may be one of the earliest areas of rabbit origin and domestication. The genetic relationship of Fujian yellow rabbit, Yunnan flower rabbit and Jiuyi mountain rabbit is different from that of autosomal. Although the blood composition of Belgium rabbit, New Zealand rabbit, multi-carrier rabbit, Sichuan white rabbit and southwestern Fujian black rabbit is quite complex, there is a main blood, Fujian yellow rabbit, Yunnan flower rabbit, Jiuyi mountain rabbit's blood is the most complex and has no main blood. It is inferred that extensive and frequent gene exchanges may have occurred, consistent with autosomal analysis. The genetic analysis of Y chromosome in rabbits was consistent with the results of autosomal chromosome, which provided a good auxiliary function for the inference of the genetic relationship of rabbit population. Using New Zealand rabbits as an outgroup, six local varieties were selected for selective stress analysis. 26 genes were screened from Fujian yellow rabbits, 17 genes from Jiuyi mountain rabbits, 31 genes from southwestern Fujian black rabbits, and 31 genes from Fujian yellow rabbits, Jiuyi mountain rabbits and southwestern Fujian black rabbits, respectively. 31 genes were screened in Sichuan white rabbits, 45 genes were screened in thousands of rabbits, and 0 genes were screened out in Yunnan white rabbits. The genes are involved in metabolism and function regulation, and affect the traits and production performance of each rabbit variety. To find the good genes of local varieties preserved in the long-term breeding work provides a good reference for the later breeding work. In the later breeding process, it is necessary to maintain certain selection pressure on breeding population, continue to improve the fine traits of breeding population, and pay more attention to scientific protection and utilization.
【學位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S829.1

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