【摘要】：RAD測(cè)序技術(shù)是近年來進(jìn)行SNP開發(fā)和利用最為有效的高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)之一,然而迄今為止,在中國(guó)家兔地方群體遺傳資源方面,尚未見報(bào)道。因此,將這種SNP標(biāo)記開發(fā)技術(shù)引入到家兔遺傳育種行業(yè),實(shí)現(xiàn)大數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)序,為家兔群體遺傳研究和培育提供新的技術(shù)支持。試驗(yàn)以6個(gè)地方家兔品種(九嶷山兔、萬(wàn)載兔、四川白兔、云南花兔、福建黃兔、閩西南黑兔)和2個(gè)引進(jìn)家兔品種(新西蘭兔、比利時(shí)兔)為研究對(duì)象,共73個(gè)樣品,利用RAD測(cè)序技術(shù)對(duì)常染色體和Y染色體進(jìn)行高通量測(cè)序,基于檢測(cè)到的SNPs信息進(jìn)行各品種之間的遺傳關(guān)系研究以及選擇壓力分析。經(jīng)高通量測(cè)序平臺(tái)Illumina HiSeq3000測(cè)序共檢測(cè)到7717345個(gè)SNP位點(diǎn),各群體SNP數(shù)量從4147507個(gè)到4626057個(gè)變化不等。常染色體進(jìn)化樹結(jié)果表明,各家兔品種獨(dú)自聚為一類,分群明顯。中國(guó)家兔地方品種中,萬(wàn)載兔與閩西南黑兔遺傳關(guān)系最近,然后依次與四川白兔、福建黃兔、九嶷山兔聚類,親緣關(guān)系依次變遠(yuǎn)。中國(guó)家兔地方品種與外來引進(jìn)家兔品種(新西蘭兔、比利時(shí)兔)遺傳關(guān)系較遠(yuǎn),屬于不同的類群,推斷中國(guó)家兔并非起源于歐洲,中國(guó)可能是家兔起源和馴化最早的地區(qū)之一。中國(guó)家兔地方品種中的福建黃兔、九嶷山兔、閩西南黑兔、云南花兔血液復(fù)雜,曾引進(jìn)過多種家兔血液,萬(wàn)載兔、四川白兔血液?jiǎn)我�。Y染色體結(jié)果表明,萬(wàn)載兔和閩西南黑兔親緣關(guān)系最近,然后與四川白兔聚為一類,此結(jié)果與常染色體分析結(jié)果一致,與外群家兔遺傳關(guān)系較遠(yuǎn),再次證明中國(guó)家兔并非起源于歐洲,中國(guó)可能是家兔起源和馴化最早的地區(qū)之一。福建黃兔、云南花兔、九嶷山兔親緣關(guān)系與常染色體存在差異,有待進(jìn)一步研究確定。比利時(shí)兔、新西蘭兔、萬(wàn)載兔、四川白兔、閩西南黑兔血液組成雖然比較復(fù)雜,但存在一種主血液,福建黃兔、云南花兔、九嶷山兔血液最復(fù)雜且沒有主血液,推斷可能曾進(jìn)行過廣泛且頻繁的基因交流,與常染色體分析結(jié)果一致。家兔Y染色體的群體遺傳分析與常染色體結(jié)果基本吻合,為家兔群體遺傳關(guān)系的推斷提供了良好的輔助作用。以新西蘭兔作為外群,將6個(gè)地方品種與其進(jìn)行受選擇壓力分析,福建黃兔篩選到26個(gè)基因,九嶷山兔篩選到17個(gè)基因,閩西南黑兔篩選到31個(gè)基因,四川白兔篩選到31個(gè)基因,萬(wàn)載兔篩選到45個(gè)基因,云南花兔篩選到0個(gè)基因。各基因參與機(jī)體代謝及功能調(diào)控過程,影響各個(gè)家兔品種的性狀及生產(chǎn)性能。找到長(zhǎng)期育種工作保留下來的地方品種優(yōu)良基因,對(duì)后期的育種工作提供很好的參考。在以后的育種過程中,仍要對(duì)育種群體保持一定的選擇壓力,繼續(xù)改善育種群體的優(yōu)良性狀,更加注重科學(xué)地保護(hù)與利用。
[Abstract]:RAD sequencing technology is one of the most effective high-throughput sequencing techniques for SNP development and utilization in recent years. However, up to now, no reports have been reported on the genetic resources of local populations of Chinese rabbits. Therefore, this SNP marker development technique was introduced into rabbit genetics and breeding industry, and big data sequencing was realized, which provided new technical support for the research and breeding of rabbit population. Six local rabbit breeds (Jiuyi Mountain rabbit, Wan Che rabbit, Sichuan white rabbit, Yunnan flower rabbit, Fujian yellow rabbit, southwestern Fujian black rabbit) and two imported rabbit breeds (New Zealand rabbit, Belgian rabbit) were used as the study objects. High throughput sequencing of autosomes and Y chromosomes was carried out by using RAD sequencing technique. Genetic relationships and selection pressures among varieties were studied based on detected SNPs information. A total of 7717345 SNP loci were detected by Illumina HiSeq3000 sequencing on a high-throughput sequencing platform. The number of SNP in each population varied from 4147,507 to 4626057. The results of autosomal phylogenetic tree showed that all rabbit breeds were grouped into one group and distinct groups. Among the local Chinese rabbit varieties, the genetic relationship between the Chinese white rabbits and the black rabbits in southwestern Fujian was the closest, followed by clustering with Sichuan white rabbits, Fujian yellow rabbits and Jiuyishan rabbits. The genetic relationship between Chinese local rabbit and imported rabbit (New Zealand rabbit, Belgian rabbit) is far away and belongs to different groups. It is inferred that Chinese rabbit is not originated from Europe, and that China may be one of the earliest regions of rabbit origin and domestication. Fujian yellow rabbit, Jiuyi mountain rabbit, southwestern Fujian black rabbit, Yunnan flower rabbit have introduced many kinds of rabbit blood. The genetic relationship between Wanchai rabbit and southwestern Fujian black rabbit is close, and then it is a group of Sichuan white rabbits. This result is consistent with autosomal analysis and is far from that of outer group rabbits. It is proved that Chinese rabbits did not originate from Europe. China may be one of the earliest areas of rabbit origin and domestication. The genetic relationship of Fujian yellow rabbit, Yunnan flower rabbit and Jiuyi mountain rabbit is different from that of autosomal. Although the blood composition of Belgium rabbit, New Zealand rabbit, multi-carrier rabbit, Sichuan white rabbit and southwestern Fujian black rabbit is quite complex, there is a main blood, Fujian yellow rabbit, Yunnan flower rabbit, Jiuyi mountain rabbit's blood is the most complex and has no main blood. It is inferred that extensive and frequent gene exchanges may have occurred, consistent with autosomal analysis. The genetic analysis of Y chromosome in rabbits was consistent with the results of autosomal chromosome, which provided a good auxiliary function for the inference of the genetic relationship of rabbit population. Using New Zealand rabbits as an outgroup, six local varieties were selected for selective stress analysis. 26 genes were screened from Fujian yellow rabbits, 17 genes from Jiuyi mountain rabbits, 31 genes from southwestern Fujian black rabbits, and 31 genes from Fujian yellow rabbits, Jiuyi mountain rabbits and southwestern Fujian black rabbits, respectively. 31 genes were screened in Sichuan white rabbits, 45 genes were screened in thousands of rabbits, and 0 genes were screened out in Yunnan white rabbits. The genes are involved in metabolism and function regulation, and affect the traits and production performance of each rabbit variety. To find the good genes of local varieties preserved in the long-term breeding work provides a good reference for the later breeding work. In the later breeding process, it is necessary to maintain certain selection pressure on breeding population, continue to improve the fine traits of breeding population, and pay more attention to scientific protection and utilization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S829.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 汪踔;賀稚非;宋萃;李楊梅;李洪軍;;不同處理后的四川白兔肌內(nèi)脂肪酸組成在冷藏過程中的變化[J];食品與發(fā)酵工業(yè);2017年04期

2 李楊梅;賀稚非;任燦;楊銳;翟小波;李洪軍;;四川白兔的氨基酸組成分析及營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值評(píng)價(jià)[J];食品與發(fā)酵工業(yè);2017年03期

3 楊靜;;云南花兔品種特征特性及保護(hù)利用[J];特種經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)植物;2016年07期

4 Li-Li Li;Pei-Hong Liu;Xiao-Hua Xie;Su Ma;Chao Liu;Li Chen;Chun-Lin Qin;;Loss of epithelial FAM20A in mice causes amelogenesis imperfecta, tooth eruption delay and gingival overgrowth[J];International Journal of Oral Science;2016年02期

5 那洋;黃雅貞;於子鼎;蔡彬祥;陳吉龍;;藥膳之兔——福建黃兔[J];生命世界;2015年12期

6 卞偉;;萬(wàn)載兔的品種特征與飼養(yǎng)管理[J];特種經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)植物;2015年05期

7 卞吉;;閩西南黑兔品種特性及飼養(yǎng)管理[J];特種經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)植物;2015年04期

8 陳巖鋒;陳冬金;孫世坤;桑雷;謝喜平;丁曉紅;;閩西南黑兔繁殖、生長(zhǎng)、屠宰性能和肉質(zhì)特性的研究[J];畜牧與獸醫(yī);2015年02期

9 高玉琪;任戰(zhàn)軍;建子龍;;中國(guó)古代養(yǎng)兔發(fā)展史[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)物學(xué)報(bào);2014年03期

10 陳冬金;陳巖鋒;謝喜平;孫世坤;桑雷;丁曉紅;;閩西南黑兔一般抗病特性的研究[J];中國(guó)農(nóng)學(xué)通報(bào);2014年02期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前2條

1 謝喜平;;福建省肉兔產(chǎn)業(yè)的特色與發(fā)展對(duì)策[A];2010年福建省畜牧獸醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集[C];2010年

2 胡長(zhǎng)峰;梁銀文;潘俊敏;;CDKL1在衣藻鞭毛解聚過程中可能的作用機(jī)制[A];“細(xì)胞活動(dòng) 生命活力”——中國(guó)細(xì)胞生物學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)全體會(huì)員代表大會(huì)暨第十二次學(xué)術(shù)大會(huì)論文摘要集[C];2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 陳慧玲;中國(guó)家養(yǎng)雙峰駝Y染色體SNP、STR、CNV與父系起源研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2016年

2 徐舒遠(yuǎn);水牛Y-SNPs篩選及多拷貝基因鑒定[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2014年

3 申幸嬌;三個(gè)封閉群實(shí)驗(yàn)兔遺傳多樣性研究[D];中國(guó)食品藥品檢定研究院;2013年

4 榮敏;利用微衛(wèi)星標(biāo)記分析中國(guó)家兔的遺傳多樣性[D];中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院;2006年

5 馬雪峰;中國(guó)三個(gè)地方家兔品種和三個(gè)配套系的微衛(wèi)星DNA遺傳多態(tài)性研究[D];中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院;2006年

，

本文編號(hào)：2304878