【摘要】：拷貝數變異(copy number variations, CNVs)是基因組中重要的結構變異形式,研究發(fā)現其與人的許多復雜疾病的發(fā)生相關,對畜禽的重要經濟性狀也有影響。芳香烴受體(aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AHR)基因在哺乳動物多個組織中表達,在由化學毒素四氯二苯并-p-二惡英(tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, TCDD)導致哺乳動物繁殖力減弱中起著關鍵的介導作用。多項研究表明,AHR基因對豬繁殖性能具有調控作用,可以作為豬育種中的一個分子遺傳標記。對于AHR基因的結構、表達和生物學功能已有很多研究,但對于AHR基因的拷貝數變異及其與繁殖性狀的關聯研究還未見報道。本研究以河北邢臺、北京房山以及江蘇昆山三地4個品種(杜洛克、長白、大白、梅山豬)共944頭種豬為試驗材料,以AHR基因為候選基因,運用實時熒光定量PCR技術和2-△△CT相對定量分析方法,檢測了4個豬種的AHR基因拷貝數。配合一般線性模型(general linear model, GLM),用SAS 9.2軟件的GLM過程,在長白、大白中對AHR基因拷貝數變異與豬產仔數、活仔數、初生窩重、斷奶仔豬數和妊娠天數進行了關聯分析,得到如下主要結果：(1)豬AHR基因存在拷貝數變異,變異范圍為1～2,表現為正�？截悢敌秃腿笔Э截悢敌汀Ｆ渲�,杜洛克豬AHR基因2拷貝78頭,1拷貝94頭；長白豬AHR基因2拷貝169頭,1拷貝90頭;大白豬AHR基因2拷貝329頭,1拷貝155頭：梅山豬AHR基因全部為2拷貝。在杜洛克、長白、大白中均存在正常拷貝數(2拷貝)和缺失拷貝數(1拷貝),在梅山豬中只存在正�？截悢怠�(2)基于GLM的方差分析表明,胎次效應對豬繁殖性狀有顯著影響,表現為前三胎隨著胎次的增加,產仔數、活仔數和初生窩重呈提高趨勢。場年季效應對豬繁殖性能也有顯著影響。(3)關聯分析表明,大白豬中AHR基因拷貝數變異對產仔數、活仔數有顯著影響,AHR基因拷貝數為2的個體的產仔數、活仔數顯著高于AHR基因拷貝數為1的個體。長白豬AHR基因拷貝數變異對產仔數影響顯著、活仔數影響接近顯著,其變化趨勢與大白豬相同。AHR基因拷貝數變異對這兩個品種的其它繁殖性狀無顯著影響。綜上所述,豬AHR基因存在拷貝數變異,且其變異與產仔數、活仔數顯著相關,可以作為一個候選遺傳標記運用到豬育種工作中。
[Abstract]:Copy number variation (copy number variations, CNVs) is an important form of structural variation in the genome. It has been found to be related to the occurrence of many complex diseases in humans and also to the important economic traits of livestock and poultry. Aromatics receptor (aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AHR) gene is expressed in many mammalian tissues and plays a key role in the reduction of mammalian fecundity caused by the chemical toxin tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, TCDD). Many studies have shown that AHR gene can regulate the reproductive performance of pigs and can be used as a molecular genetic marker in pig breeding. Much research has been done on the structure, expression and biological function of AHR gene, but the copy number variation of AHR gene and its association with reproductive traits have not been reported. In this study, 944 pig breeds (Duroc, Landrace, Dabai, Meishan Pigs) from Xingtai, Beijing Fangshan and Kunshan, Jiangsu Province were used as experimental materials, and AHR gene was used as candidate gene. The copy number of AHR gene in 4 pig breeds was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and 2-CT relative quantitative analysis. With the GLM process of general linear model (general linear model, GLM), using SAS 9.2 software, the variation of AHR gene copy number was correlated with piglets' litter size, live litter size, newborn litter weight, weaning piglets and pregnancy days in white and white. The main results were as follows: (1) there was a copy number variation in porcine AHR gene, and the variation range was 1 / 2, which showed normal copy number type and missing copy number type. Among them, 78 Duroc AHR gene 2 copies, 94 one copy, 169 Landrace AHR gene 2 copies, 90 copies, 329 large white pig AHR gene 2 copies, 1 copy 155: Meishan pig AHR gene is all 2 copies. There were normal copies (2 copies) and missing copies (1 copy) in Duroc, Landrace and White, and only normal copies in Meishan pigs. (2) the variance analysis based on GLM showed that, The effect of birth order had a significant effect on the reproductive traits of pigs, which showed that the first three births increased with the increase of birth order, and the litter size, live litter size and litter weight increased. (3) correlation analysis showed that the variation of AHR gene copy number had a significant effect on litter size and live litter size in large white pigs, and the litter size of individuals with AHR gene copy number 2 was significantly affected by the field annual season effect, (3) correlation analysis showed that the variation of AHR gene copy number in large white pigs had a significant effect on litter size and live litter size. The number of live offspring was significantly higher than that of individuals with AHR gene copy number of 1. The variation of AHR gene copy number of Landrace pig had significant effect on litter size, while the influence of live litter size was similar to that of large white pig, but the variation of AHR gene copy number had no significant effect on other reproductive traits of these two breeds. In conclusion, pig AHR gene has copy number variation, and its variation is significantly correlated with litter size and live litter size, which can be used as a candidate genetic marker in pig breeding.
【學位授予單位】：山西農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S828

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本文編號：2302120