【摘要】：硒缺乏癥是泌乳奶牛的一種重要的營養(yǎng)代謝病。它會引起泌乳期奶牛產(chǎn)奶量降低，免疫功能低下，并繼發(fā)其他疾病如乳房炎、子宮內(nèi)膜炎等。近年來，我省集約化牛場奶牛單產(chǎn)不斷提高，亞臨床代謝病時有發(fā)生，危害日趨嚴重。因此，本實驗在兩個集約化牛場開展了硒缺乏癥的調(diào)查，對硒缺乏的奶牛進行了抗氧化、免疫、肝功以及泌乳性能的檢測，旨在闡明硒缺乏對集約化牛場高產(chǎn)奶牛健康的影響，為今后高產(chǎn)奶牛硒缺乏癥的早期預防提供科學的理論依據(jù)。 本試驗選擇了兩個集約化奶牛場(A、B)，分別在泌乳前期（15-20d）、泌乳盛期（50-70d）、泌乳中期（120-150d）和泌乳后期（200-220d）隨機選取年齡、體況、泌乳量及胎次相近的奶牛各10頭，共80頭。通過檢測血漿中硒含量，調(diào)查A、B兩牧場奶牛硒缺乏癥的發(fā)病率。并根據(jù)奶牛血漿中硒水平，選取了缺硒組（30頭）與健康對照組（20頭），檢測試驗奶牛的泌乳性能、繁殖性能以及能量代謝（NEFA、BHBA和GLU），抗氧化（GSH-Px、SOD、T-AOC、MDA、T-NOS、LPO、NO、CAT）、免疫功能（TNF-α、IL-6、IgG、IL-1β、IL-2）、肝功（ALB、ALP、TP、GLB、A/G）和生殖激素（FSH、LH、E2、P4），進行Pearson相關(guān)性分析和回歸分析對牧場進行硒缺乏預警。 研究結(jié)果顯示：1）牧場A奶牛硒缺乏癥的發(fā)病率為72.5%，牧場B為77.5%。2）缺硒組與健康對照組相比，奶牛乳脂、乳蛋白及乳糖產(chǎn)量顯著的降低（P0.05），初配天數(shù)和配種天數(shù)明顯的延長（P0.05）。3）與健康對照組相比，缺硒組血漿中GSH-Px活性顯著的降低，與硒水平呈顯著正相關(guān)（R=0.36,P=0.01）；MDA、T-NOS和LPO水平明顯升高，MDA（R=-0.36,P=0.02）、T-NOS（R=-0.30,P=0.05）、LPO（R=-0.31,P=0.04）與硒水平呈顯著負相關(guān)。4）與健康對照組相比，缺硒組血漿中IL-1β、IgG、TNF-α和IL-6水平都顯著的降低（P0.05），TNF-α（R=0.37,P=0.02）、IL-6（R=0.35,P=0.03）、IgG（R=0.39,P=0.02）、IL-2（R=0.38,P=0.03）與硒水平呈顯著正相關(guān)。5）與健康對照組相比，缺硒組血漿中ALP、TP水平明顯的增加，ALP（R=-0.32,P=0.03）、TP（R=-0.41,P=0.00）與硒水平呈顯著負相關(guān)。6）與健康對照組相比，缺硒組血漿中P4含量顯著的降低，P4（R=0.79,P=0.00）與硒水平呈顯著正相關(guān)。7）泌乳奶牛血漿中GSH-Px、MDA、IL-2，TNF-α，，IL-6、TP、ALP與硒缺乏密切相關(guān)，當GSH-Px水平低于42.367U/mL，則表明該奶牛場硒缺乏癥的風險會增加。 結(jié)論：1）兩個集約化牛場泌乳奶牛普遍存在硒缺乏癥，高達72%以上。2）硒缺乏癥不僅會影響泌乳奶�？寡趸芰兔庖吖δ�，而且會降低奶牛泌乳性能和繁殖性能。3）確立了泌乳奶牛硒缺乏時血漿中GSH-Px的風險預警值。
[Abstract]:Selenium deficiency is an important nutritional metabolic disease in lactating cows. It can cause milk production decreased, immune function low, and secondary diseases such as mastitis, endometritis and so on. In recent years, the yield of dairy cows in intensive cattle farms in our province has been increasing, and subclinical metabolic diseases have occurred from time to time, and the harm is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, the investigation of selenium deficiency was carried out in two intensive cattle farms, and the antioxidative, immune, liver function and lactation performance of the dairy cows with selenium deficiency were tested in order to elucidate the effect of selenium deficiency on the health of high-yield cows in intensive cattle farms. To provide scientific theoretical basis for early prevention of selenium deficiency in dairy cows with high yield in the future. In this experiment, two intensive dairy cattle farms (AHB) were selected at the prelactation stage (15-20 d), the peak stage (50-70 d), the middle lactation stage (120-150 d) and the later stage (200-220 d). The incidence of selenium deficiency in dairy cattle was investigated by measuring the selenium content in plasma. According to the level of selenium in the plasma of dairy cows, the lactating performance of the experimental cows was tested by selecting the selenium deficiency group (30) and the healthy control group (20). Reproductive performance and energy metabolism (NEFA,BHBA and GLU), antioxidation (GSH-Px,SOD,T-AOC,MDA,T-NOS,LPO,NO,CAT), immune function (TNF- 偽, IL-6,IgG,IL-1 尾, IL-2), liver function (ALB,ALP,TP,GLB,A/G) and reproductive hormone (FSH,LH,E2,P4), Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to predict selenium deficiency in pastures. The results showed that: 1) the incidence of selenium deficiency in dairy cattle was 72.5 and 77.5.2 respectively. Milk protein and lactose yield were significantly decreased (P0.05), and the days of initial setting and breeding were significantly prolonged (P0.05). Compared with the healthy control group, the plasma GSH-Px activity of se deficiency group was significantly lower than that of healthy control group, and there was a significant positive correlation between the activity of GSH-Px and selenium level (RP0. 36, P < 0. 01). MDA,T-NOS鍜孡PO姘村鉤鏄庢樉鍗囬珮,MDA(R=-0.36,P=0.02),T-NOS(R=-0.30,P=0.05),LPO(R=-0.31,P=0.04)涓庣姘村鉤鍛堟樉钁楄礋鐩稿叧.4)涓庡仴搴峰鐓х粍鐩告瘮,緙虹緇勮嫻嗕腑IL-1尾,IgG,TNF-偽鍜孖L-6姘村鉤閮芥樉钁楃殑闄嶄綆(P0.05),TNF-偽(R=0.37,P=0.02),IL-6(R=0.35,P=0.03),IgG(R=0.39,P=0.02),IL-2(R=0.38,P=0.03)涓庣姘村鉤鍛堟樉钁楁鐩稿叧.5)涓庡仴搴峰鐓х粍鐩告瘮, The level of ALP,TP in the plasma of se deficient group was significantly increased, ALP (Ru-0. 32), TP (Ru-0. 41), TP (P0. 00) and se level were negatively correlated. 6) compared with the healthy control group, there was a significant negative correlation between these two groups. P _ 4 content in plasma was significantly decreased in se deficiency group, and P _ 4 (R _ (0.79) P ~ (0. 00) was positively correlated with selenium level. 7) Plasma GSH-Px,MDA,IL-2,TNF- 偽 and IL-6,TP,ALP in lactating cows were closely correlated with selenium deficiency. When GSH-Px level was lower than 42.367 U / mL, the risk of selenium deficiency in the dairy was increased. Conclusion: 1) selenium deficiency is common in two intensive dairy cows, which is more than 72%. 2) selenium deficiency can not only affect the antioxidant capacity and immune function of lactating cows. It also reduced the lactating performance and reproductive performance of dairy cows. 3) the risk early warning value of GSH-Px in plasma was established in lactating cows with selenium deficiency.
【學位授予單位】：黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S858.23

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前1條

1 牛聰;黑龍江省部分牛場肉牛營養(yǎng)代謝狀況調(diào)查及疾病預警[D];黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學;2016年

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