【摘要】：關(guān)中黑豬作為陜西省的優(yōu)良培育品種,具有耐粗飼、抗病力強(qiáng)和風(fēng)味好等優(yōu)良的特性,但多年未經(jīng)系統(tǒng)選育,造成血統(tǒng)不純,繁殖力下降等缺點(diǎn)。近年來,人們?cè)谧非蟾呱L(zhǎng)速度,高瘦肉率和低背膘厚的同時(shí),造成豬肉品質(zhì)不斷下降。本試驗(yàn)旨在研究(1)關(guān)中黑豬目前的主要經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀,繁殖性能和生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育性能。(2)不同營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平的日糧對(duì)關(guān)中黑豬生長(zhǎng)性能、胴體性狀、肉品質(zhì)及肉品質(zhì)相關(guān)基因表達(dá)等方面的影響,從而確定關(guān)中黑豬最適宜的營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平。(3)關(guān)中黑豬酸肉基因和氟烷基因的檢測(cè),及時(shí)淘汰存在危害的豬群。進(jìn)而為下一步培育關(guān)中黑豬新品系奠定基礎(chǔ),本試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果如下:1、關(guān)中黑豬的繁殖性能:總產(chǎn)仔數(shù)9.94±2.11頭,產(chǎn)活仔數(shù)9.40±2.23頭,初生重1.13±0.64kg,初生窩重10.69±3.59kg,20日齡窩重31.06±10.05kg,斷奶重8.24±1.40kg,斷奶窩重64.30±15.82kg。2、關(guān)中黑豬生長(zhǎng)性狀:2月齡體重15.79±3.21kg,4月齡體重44.92±3.74kg,6月齡體重75.14±6.00kg,4月齡體高44.99±2.05kg,體長(zhǎng)84.74±2.20cm,腿臀圍73.49±3.75cm,6月齡體高53.08±2.28cm,體長(zhǎng)100.84±6.72cm,腿臀圍79.87±2.18cm,背膘厚8.00±1.76mm。3、營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平對(duì)關(guān)中黑豬育肥期生長(zhǎng)性狀的影響:4組豬群的初始體重并沒有顯著性的差異,對(duì)整個(gè)育肥期而言,第3組的育肥結(jié)束體重比第4組高5.88kg,差異極顯著(P0.01),第1組的平均日增重比第4組高54.96g/d,差異顯著(P0.05),第1組與第3組差異不顯著(P0.05),第1組的料重比比第4組低0.06,差異顯著(P0.05),第1組與第3組差異不顯著(P0.05)。4、營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平對(duì)關(guān)中黑豬胴體品質(zhì)的影響:第1組與第4組相比,屠宰率增加了3.11%,差異顯著(P0.05),第1組與第3組差異不顯著(P0.05)。5、營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平對(duì)關(guān)中黑豬肉質(zhì)的影響:營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平對(duì)豬肉色評(píng)分,大理石紋評(píng)分,p H無顯著影響。第1組與第4組相比,熟肉率增加了9.58%,差異顯著(P0.05)。第1組與第3組差異不顯著(P0.05),第3組的必需氨基酸含量與第2組和第4組相比分別增加了1.80%,1.89%,差異極顯著(P0.01),與第1組相比,增加了1.27%,差異顯著(P0.05),第3組的鮮味氨基酸含量與第4組相比增加了1.2%,差異顯著(P0.05)。6、營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平對(duì)關(guān)中黑豬背最長(zhǎng)肌中My HC基因表達(dá)量的影響:第3組和第4組的My HCIIx的含量顯著低于第1組(P0.05)。7、氟烷基因雜合子的基因型頻率為7.69%,HALN的頻率為96.15%,HALn的頻率為3.85%。8、酸肉基因雜合子的基因型頻率高達(dá)42.31%,RN--的頻率為21.15%,rn+的頻率為78.85%。綜上所述,關(guān)中黑豬繁殖性能差,生長(zhǎng)速度緩慢;該廠關(guān)中黑豬群體內(nèi)含有一定程度的酸肉基因突變,氟烷基因存在潛在的危害,需及時(shí)淘汰存在危害的豬群,保證豬群的健康;關(guān)中黑豬飼喂第3組營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平的日糧,可以獲得較好的生長(zhǎng)性能,較優(yōu)的肉質(zhì)性狀,飼喂效果最優(yōu)。
[Abstract]:Guanzhong Black Pig, as an excellent breed in Shaanxi Province, has the advantages of high tolerance to coarse feeding, strong disease resistance and good flavor, but it has not been systematically bred for many years, resulting in impure lineage and decreased fecundity. In recent years, high growth rate, high lean meat rate and low backfat thickness have resulted in the decline of pork quality. The purpose of this experiment was to study the main economic traits, reproductive performance and growth and development performance of Guanzhong Black Pig at present. (2) the growth performance and carcass traits of Guanzhong Black Pig with different nutrient levels were studied. The effect of meat quality and the expression of genes related to meat quality, so as to determine the most suitable nutritional level of Guanzhong Black Pig. (3) Detection of acid meat gene and halothane gene in Guanzhong Black Pig, and timely elimination of harmful pigs. The results are as follows: 1. The reproductive performance of Guanzhong black pigs: total litter size 9.94 鹵2.11, live litter 9.40 鹵2.23; 鍒濈敓閲，

本文編號(hào)：2284117