發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-13 20:05

【摘要】：為了解銀川地區(qū)奶牛的生產(chǎn)和繁殖性能,本研究對(duì)2011～2014年銀川地區(qū)十個(gè)規(guī)�；�(chǎng)生產(chǎn)性能和繁殖狀況進(jìn)行了調(diào)查,并對(duì)銀川地區(qū)不同繁殖性能奶牛的血清銅、鋅、錳含量進(jìn)行了測(cè)定。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示：2011～2014年間,銀川地區(qū)奶牛的日平均產(chǎn)奶量和305天產(chǎn)奶量逐年升高(P0.05)；不同年份的乳脂率和乳蛋白率有顯著變化(P0.05)；不同年份的乳尿素氮存在差異,但均在適宜范圍內(nèi)；SCC逐年極顯著降低(P0.01)；夏季的日產(chǎn)奶量極顯著高于其他季節(jié)(P0.01)；冬季的乳脂率和乳蛋白率最高,而夏季的乳脂率和乳蛋白率最低(P0.01)；夏季的尿素氮顯著高于其他季節(jié)(P0.05)；冬季的SCC最高,且2月的SCC顯著高于其他月份(P0.05)；隨著胎次的增加,日產(chǎn)奶量、305天產(chǎn)奶量顯著升高(P0.05),4胎開(kāi)始逐漸下降；隨著胎次的增加,乳脂率和乳蛋白率逐漸下降,4胎之后又逐漸上升；隨著胎次的增加,SCC不斷上升,且1～3胎的SCC極顯著升高(P0.01)。2011～2014年間,銀川地區(qū)奶牛場(chǎng)的情期受胎率在42.73%～46.68%,2012年的情期受胎率最高,且顯著高于2011年(P0.05)；一次受胎率在39.53%～48.04%,2013年的一次受胎率最高,且顯著高于2012年(P0.05)；產(chǎn)犢間隔在426.38天～433.39天,不同年份間無(wú)顯著性差異(P0.05)；胎衣不下率為18.14%～23.26%,2012年的胎衣不下率顯著低于其他年份(P0.05)；流產(chǎn)率為9.87%～13.41%,2014年的流產(chǎn)率顯著低于其他年份(P0.05)。日產(chǎn)奶量與乳蛋白率、乳尿素氮、SCC呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P0.01)；SCC與乳脂率呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P0.01),與乳尿素氮呈顯著正相關(guān)(P0.05)；乳脂率與乳尿素氮呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P0.05),與乳蛋白率呈極顯著正相關(guān)(P0.01)。不孕牛只的血清銅、鋅含量高于懷孕牛只,但無(wú)顯著差異(P0.05)；不孕牛與懷孕牛的血清錳含量相同。通過(guò)本次調(diào)查研究可知：銀川地區(qū)的奶牛生產(chǎn)性能較高,而繁殖方面需要加強(qiáng)管理,提高受胎率,縮短產(chǎn)犢間隔,預(yù)防繁殖疾病的發(fā)生；不同繁殖性能的奶牛血清中銅、鋅、錳含量無(wú)顯著性差異,可能不是影響銀川地區(qū)奶牛繁殖性能的因素。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the production and reproduction performance of dairy cattle in Yinchuan area, the production performance and reproduction status of ten large-scale cattle farms in Yinchuan area from 2011 to 2014 were investigated, and the serum copper and zinc of dairy cows with different reproductive performance in Yinchuan area were investigated. Manganese content was determined. The results showed that the daily average milk yield and 305 day milk yield of dairy cows in Yinchuan area increased year by year (P0.05), milk fat and milk protein rates changed significantly in different years (P0.05), and there were differences in milk urea nitrogen in different years. The daily milk yield in summer was significantly higher than that in other seasons (P0.01), the milk fat rate and milk protein rate in winter was the highest, but the milk fat rate and milk protein rate in summer was the lowest (P0.01). Urea nitrogen in summer was significantly higher than that in other seasons (P0.05); SCC in winter was the highest, and SCC in February was significantly higher than that in other months (P0.05); with the increase of birth order, daily milk yield, 305-day milk yield increased significantly (P0.05), 4 embryos began to decrease gradually; with the increase of birth order, The milk fat rate and milk protein rate decreased gradually, and then increased gradually after 4 births. With the increase of birth order, SCC increased continuously, and the SCC of 1 or 3 fetus increased significantly (P0.01). In Yinchuan area, the conception rate of estrous period was 42.73 ~ 46.68, and the conception rate in 2012 was the highest and significantly higher than that in 2011 (P0.05); the rate of conception at one time was 39.53 and 48.04, and the rate was the highest in 2013, and significantly higher than that in 2012 (P0.05); the interval between calving and calving was 426.38 ~ 433.39 days. There was no significant difference between different years (P0.05); the fetal coat rate was 18.14% 23.26, and in 2012 was significantly lower than that in other years (P0.05); the abortion rate was 9.87% 13.41%, and the abortion rate in 2014 was significantly lower than that in other years (P0.05). Daily milk yield and milk protein rate, milk urea nitrogen, SCC were significantly negative correlation (P0.01); SCC and milk fat rate was very significant negative correlation (P0.01), and milk urea nitrogen was significantly positive correlation (P0.05); Milk fat rate and milk urea nitrogen were significantly negative correlation (P0.05), and milk protein rate was extremely significant positive correlation (P0.01). The serum copper and zinc contents of infertile cattle were higher than that of pregnant cattle, but there was no significant difference (P0.05); the serum manganese content of infertile cattle and pregnant cattle was the same. Through this investigation, we can see that the dairy cows in Yinchuan area have high production performance, but in reproduction, we should strengthen management, improve conception rate, shorten calving interval and prevent breeding diseases, and copper, zinc in serum of cows with different reproductive performance, There was no significant difference in manganese content, which may not be a factor affecting the reproductive performance of dairy cows in Yinchuan area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S823

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本文編號(hào)：2269748