【摘要】：蘋果渣含有多種營養(yǎng)物質(zhì),是極好的多汁飼料,但因其含水量高、酸度大、不易直接飼喂畜禽。本文通過對不同配比的蘋果渣和麩皮為有益菌制作發(fā)酵劑的主要載體,優(yōu)選出蘋果渣發(fā)酵劑菌種的配比,為實現(xiàn)蘋果渣的微生物有效利用奠定基礎(chǔ)；以口糧中添加5%干發(fā)酵蘋果渣為試驗組、添加5%的干蘋果渣為對照組,對犢牛進(jìn)行了飼喂試驗、消化實驗、糞便評分。旨在為蘋果渣的綜合開發(fā)利用和犢牛飼料資源的挖掘提供科學(xué)的理論依據(jù)。1、采用L16(44)二次回歸正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合設(shè)計方案,選取木霉(Trichoderma)、白地(Geotrichum candidum)、黑曲(Aspergillus niger)和米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)為蘋果渣發(fā)酵劑菌種,以不同配比的蘋果渣和麩皮作為主要載體組分,通過測定蘋果渣發(fā)酵劑中復(fù)活孢子數(shù)和被發(fā)酵蘋果渣中的CP和NDF的含量,優(yōu)選出蘋果渣發(fā)酵劑載體組分及菌種的配比。實驗結(jié)果表明：發(fā)酵劑中木霉、白地、黑曲、米曲霉組成的配比分為3：2：1：2,載體為麩皮、蘋果渣以4：6的比例,以氮源為(NH4)2SO4條件下培養(yǎng)72h的固體發(fā)酵物復(fù)活孢子數(shù)最高,并用其發(fā)酵的蘋果渣的粗蛋白含量高達(dá)14.599%,酸性洗滌纖維降低到53.43%,與對照組比較,CP和NDF的含量分別提高24.47%和降低18.14%。2、采用半微量凱氏定氮、酸不溶灰分法和酶解法,評價了日糧中添加發(fā)酵蘋果渣對犢牛的消化性能的影響。結(jié)果表明：試驗組氮表觀消化率比對照組提高了48.34%,組問差異極顯著(P0.01)；試驗組蛋白質(zhì)體外消化率比對照組提高6.23%,組問差異顯著(P.05)。3、采用完全隨機試驗設(shè)計方法,開展了飼養(yǎng)試驗,結(jié)合體增重、采食量以及體尺指標(biāo)的分析,評價了口糧中添加發(fā)酵蘋果渣對犢牛生長性能的影響。結(jié)果表明：試驗組比對照組體重增加3.07kg,口增重增加50.16g,提高了4.14%,差異顯著(P0.05);試驗組體高在試驗第15天、第30天、第45天以及第60天分別比對照組高120%、2.03%、1.87%以及1.28%；試驗組體斜長比對照組分別高0.39%、0.55%、2.28%以及].33%；試驗組胸圍比對照組分別高0.61%、1.22%、0.89%以及2.90%。日糧中添加發(fā)酵蘋果渣能夠提高犢牛的日增重和改善體尺指標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:Apple pomace is an excellent juicy feed, but it is not easy to feed livestock and poultry directly because of its high water content and high acidity. In this paper, apple pomace and wheat bran were selected as the main carrier of beneficial bacteria to make starter, and the proportion of apple pomace starter was selected, which laid a foundation for the effective utilization of apple pomace. The calves were fed with 5% dry fermented apple pomace and 5% dried apple pomace as control group. In order to provide scientific theoretical basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of apple jelly and the mining of calves feed resources. 1. The design scheme of L16 (44) quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination was adopted. (Geotrichum candidum), black koji (Aspergillus niger) and Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) were selected as starter strains of apple dregs, and apple pomace and bran of different proportions were used as main carrier components. By determining the number of resurrected spores and the contents of CP and NDF in fermented apple pomace, the carrier components and the proportion of strain of apple pomace starter were selected. The results showed that the proportion of Trichoderma, white ground, black koji and Aspergillus oryzae in the starter was 3: 2: 1: 2, the carrier was bran, and the proportion of apple pomace was 4:6. Under the condition of nitrogen source (NH4) 2SO4, the number of reactivated spores of solid fermentation was the highest in 72 h. The crude protein content of the fermented apple dregs was as high as 14.599, and the acid detergent fiber decreased to 53.430.Compared with the control group, the contents of CP and NDF increased 24.47% and 18.14%, respectively. The semi-trace Kjeldahl determination of nitrogen, acid insoluble ash and enzymatic hydrolysis were used. The effect of fermented apple residue on digestibility of calves was evaluated. The results showed that the apparent digestibility of nitrogen in the experimental group was increased by 48.34, and the difference between the two groups was very significant (P0.01), the in vitro digestibility of protein in the test group was increased by 6.23 and the difference between the two groups was significant (P.05). The effects of adding fermented apple dregs into the rations on the growth performance of calves were evaluated by the analysis of body weight gain, feed intake and body size. The results showed that the body weight and oral weight of the experimental group increased by 3.07 kg and 50.16 g respectively (P0.05), and the body height of the experimental group was 1.87% and 1.28% higher than that of the control group on the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th day, respectively. The body oblique length of the test group was 0.39% higher than that of the control group 0.55 and 2.28% and] 33.The chest circumference of the test group was 0.61% higher than that of the control group 0.89% and 2.90% respectively. Adding fermented apple dregs to the diet could increase the daily gain and improve the body size index of calves.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S823.5

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