【摘要】：為探討不同飼養(yǎng)方式對(duì)盧氏綠殼蛋雞屠宰性能、腸道組織形態(tài)和消化、免疫等器官發(fā)育的影響,本試驗(yàn)選用18周齡放養(yǎng)與籠養(yǎng)盧氏綠殼蛋雞各10只(公母各5只),對(duì)其相關(guān)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行測(cè)定分析。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:(1)不同飼養(yǎng)方式對(duì)盧氏綠殼蛋雞體重、體尺的影響:放養(yǎng)公雞各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均大于籠養(yǎng)公雞,其中胸深差異極顯著(P0.01),龍骨長(zhǎng)與脛圍差異顯著(P0.05);放養(yǎng)母雞各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均小于籠養(yǎng)母雞,其中體重、體斜長(zhǎng)、胸深、胸寬、髖寬差異極顯著(P0.01);放養(yǎng)條件下,公雞各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)除胸角外均極顯著大于母雞(P0.01);籠養(yǎng)條件下,公雞體重與脛骨長(zhǎng)顯著大于母雞(P0.05)。(2)不同飼養(yǎng)方式對(duì)盧氏綠殼蛋雞屠宰性能的影響:不論公母,放養(yǎng)雞的腿肌率與腹脂率均顯著小于籠養(yǎng)雞(P0.05);相同飼養(yǎng)方式下性別僅對(duì)籠養(yǎng)雞胸肌率的影響差異極顯著(P0.01)。放養(yǎng)公雞小腸、肌胃、肝臟重量極顯著大于籠養(yǎng)公雞(P0.01);放養(yǎng)母雞頸、翅的重量極顯著小于籠養(yǎng)母雞(P0.01);放養(yǎng)條件下,公雞除生殖器官重量外所有指標(biāo)均極顯著大于母雞(P0.01);籠養(yǎng)條件下,公雞所有指標(biāo)均大于母雞,頭重、腳重、心臟重差異極顯著(P0.01),頸重差異顯著(P0.05)。除髖寬與胸深、脛骨長(zhǎng)、脛圍呈顯著正相關(guān)(P0.05)外,其余指標(biāo)兩兩均呈極顯著正相關(guān)(P0.01)。(3)不同飼養(yǎng)方式對(duì)消化器官發(fā)育的影響:放養(yǎng)公雞除盲腸長(zhǎng)度顯著大于籠養(yǎng)公雞外(P0.05),其余各腸段長(zhǎng)度與重量均極顯著大于籠養(yǎng)公雞(P0.01);放養(yǎng)母雞空腸、回腸段長(zhǎng)度極顯著大于籠養(yǎng)母雞(P0.01),盲腸長(zhǎng)度顯著大于籠養(yǎng)母雞(P0.05);放養(yǎng)條件下十二指腸、空腸、回腸重量極顯著大于母雞(P0.01);放養(yǎng)公雞肝臟、肌胃、胰腺與肌胃器官指數(shù)極顯著大于籠養(yǎng)公雞(P0.01);放養(yǎng)母雞各消化器官指數(shù)均極顯著大于籠養(yǎng)母雞(P0.01);放養(yǎng)雞小腸總長(zhǎng)均極顯著大于籠養(yǎng)雞(P0.01),放養(yǎng)公雞空腸相對(duì)小腸指數(shù)顯著大于籠養(yǎng)公雞(P0.05),而回腸相對(duì)小腸指數(shù)顯著小于籠養(yǎng)公雞(P0.05);相同飼養(yǎng)方式下,籠養(yǎng)公雞回腸相對(duì)小腸指數(shù)顯著大于母雞(P0.05)。(4)不同飼養(yǎng)方式對(duì)盧氏綠殼蛋雞免疫器官發(fā)育的影響:放養(yǎng)公雞胸腺、法氏囊重量,以及胸腺、法氏囊器官指數(shù)極顯著大于籠養(yǎng)公雞(P0.01);不同飼養(yǎng)方式對(duì)母雞免疫器官的發(fā)育影響差異不顯著(P0.05)。(5)不同飼養(yǎng)方式對(duì)盧氏綠殼蛋雞腸道組織形態(tài)的影響:放養(yǎng)公雞十二指腸的絨毛長(zhǎng)度差異極顯著大于籠養(yǎng)公雞(P0.01),盲腸的絨毛長(zhǎng)度顯著大于籠養(yǎng)公雞(P0.05);放養(yǎng)母雞十二指腸的絨毛長(zhǎng)度顯著大于籠養(yǎng)母雞(P0.05);放養(yǎng)公雞各腸段絨毛寬度均極顯著大于籠養(yǎng)公雞(P0.01);放養(yǎng)母雞十二指腸絨毛寬度極顯著大于籠養(yǎng)母雞(P0.01);放養(yǎng)公雞十二指腸、空腸、回腸段隱窩深度極顯著大于籠養(yǎng)母雞(P0.01),盲腸段顯著大于籠養(yǎng)母雞(P0.05);放養(yǎng)母雞各腸段隱窩深度均大于籠養(yǎng)母雞,其中回腸的差異極顯著(P0.01),十二指腸的差異顯著(P0.05);放養(yǎng)公雞各腸段的V/C值均小于籠養(yǎng)公雞,空腸段差異顯著(P0.05);放養(yǎng)母雞各腸段的V/C值均小于籠養(yǎng)母雞,回腸段差異顯著(P0.05);相同飼養(yǎng)方式下,放養(yǎng)公雞回腸、盲腸段絨毛長(zhǎng)度與寬度顯著大于母雞(P0.05),放養(yǎng)公雞十二指腸、空腸段隱窩深度極顯著大于母雞(P0.01),其余指標(biāo)差異不顯著(P0.05)。綜上所述,林下放養(yǎng)與立體籠養(yǎng)的飼養(yǎng)方式對(duì)于盧氏雞體重體尺,消化、免疫器官發(fā)育等各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)影響明顯。放養(yǎng)公雞各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)除腿肌率、腹脂率外均不同程度優(yōu)于籠養(yǎng)雞。再者,由于生態(tài)放養(yǎng)雞自由采食野外植物、籽實(shí)、蟲(chóng)類(lèi)等,可有效降低飼養(yǎng)成本,提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of different feeding methods on slaughter performance, intestinal morphology, digestion and immune organ development of Lushi Green-shell layers, 10 Lushi Green-shell layers (5 males and 5 females) were selected from 18-week-old stocking and caged. The results showed that: (1) Lushi Green-shell layers were fed with different feeding methods. Weight, body size: the index of stocking cocks were greater than caged cocks, the chest depth difference was very significant (P 0.01), keel length and tibia circumference difference was significant (P 0.05); stocking hens were less than caged hens, including weight, body length, chest depth, chest width, hip width difference was very significant (P 0.01); stocking conditions, cocks except chest angle indicators. The weight of cock and the length of tibia were significantly greater than those of hens (P The weight of small intestine, muscle stomach and liver of broilers were significantly higher than those of caged cocks (P 0.01); the weight of neck and wing of broilers was significantly less than that of caged hens (P 0.01); all indexes except reproductive organ weight of cocks were significantly higher than those of hens (P 0.01); all indexes of broilers were greater than those of hens under caged conditions. There were significant positive correlations between hip width and chest depth, tibial length and tibial circumference (P (P 0.05), the length and weight of other intestinal segments were significantly greater than those of caged cocks (P 0.01); the length of jejunum and ileum were significantly longer than those of caged hens (P 0.01), and the length of caecum was significantly longer than that of caged hens (P 0.05); the weight of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were significantly greater than those of hens (P 0.01); the weight of liver, muscles and stomach, pancreas in caged hens (P 0.01). The index of gastrointestinal organs and muscles was significantly higher than that of caged cocks (P 0.01); the index of digestive organs in stocked hens was significantly higher than that of caged hens (P 0.01); the total intestinal length of stocked chickens was significantly longer than that of caged chickens (P 0.01); the index of jejunum and ileum of stocked cocks was significantly higher than that of caged cocks (P 0.05), and the index of ileum was significantly smaller than that of caged cocks (P 0.01). (4) Effects of different feeding methods on immune organ development of Lushi green shell layers: Thymus, bursa weight, and thymus, bursa organ index of Fabricius was significantly higher than that of caged cocks (P 0.01); Different feeding methods on immune organ development of Lushi green shell layers. There was no significant difference in the development of infected organs (P 0.05). (5) The effects of different feeding methods on the intestinal morphology of Lushi green shell layers: the length of villi in duodenum of broilers was significantly longer than that of caged cocks (P 0.01), the length of villi in cecum was significantly longer than that of caged cocks (P 0.05); the length of villi in duodenum of broilers was significantly longer than that of caged cocks (P 0.05). The width of intestinal villi in captive hens (P 0.05); in captive hens (P 0.01); in captive hens (P 0.01); in captive hens (P 0.01); in captive hens (P 0.01); in captive hens, the width of duodenal villi in captive hens (P 0.01); in captive hens (P 0.01); in duodenum, jejunum and ileum, the depth of crypt in captive hens (P 0.01); in caecum (P 0.05); in captive hens (P 0.05); in captive hens (P 0. The depth of intestinal recess in hens was higher than that in caged hens, especially in ileum (P 0.01) and duodenum (P 0.05); the V/C value of intestinal segments in stocked hens was lower than that in caged hens, and the V/C value of jejunum segments in stocked hens was significantly lower than that in caged hens (P 0.05). The length and width of villi in ileum and caecum of broilers were significantly longer than those of hens (P In addition to leg muscle rate and abdominal fat rate, all indexes of roosters are better than those of caged chickens in varying degrees. Moreover, the free feeding of wild plants, seeds and insects by eco-grazing chickens can effectively reduce feeding costs and improve economic benefits.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S831

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