【摘要】：本研究選取20頭健康狀況良好的新生荷斯坦小公牛,隨機(jī)分為4組,每組5個樣本重復(fù);分別為對照組、試驗Ⅰ組、試驗Ⅱ組和試驗Ⅲ組。對照組犢牛飲用乳以及日糧中均不添加酵母培養(yǎng)物;試驗Ⅰ組犢牛飲用乳中添加20g/(頭·d)的酵母培養(yǎng)物,分兩次添加,每次10 g,顆粒料中不添加酵母培養(yǎng)物;試驗Ⅱ組犢牛飼喂酵母培養(yǎng)物含量為4.00%的顆粒料,飲用乳中不添加酵母培養(yǎng)物;試驗Ⅲ組犢牛飼喂酵母培養(yǎng)物含量為2.00%的顆粒料,飲用乳中添加10g/(頭·d)的酵母培養(yǎng)物,分兩次添加,每次5 g。本文通過對犢牛的生產(chǎn)發(fā)育、糞便菌群以及血清免疫指標(biāo)的分析,旨在確定酵母培養(yǎng)的最佳添加方式,從而為犢牛的培育提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)手段。試驗結(jié)果如下:整個試驗周期內(nèi),三個試驗組犢牛顆粒料日采食料較對照組有一定的增高趨勢,其中Ⅰ組犢牛的顆粒料日采食量為三個試驗組最低,Ⅱ組和Ⅲ組顯著高于對照組和Ⅰ組(P0.05),Ⅱ組與Ⅲ組間無顯著性差異(P0.05)。三個試驗組犢牛整個試驗周期內(nèi)的體重、日增重和料重比與對照組相比均有顯著性差異(P0.05);其中Ⅰ組犢牛的料重比顯著低于Ⅱ組與Ⅲ組(P0.05);Ⅰ組犢牛的體重、日增重在三個試驗組中為最高,但無組間差異(P0.05)。在試驗第56天,Ⅰ組犢牛的體高和Ⅲ組犢牛的體斜長均顯著高于對照組(P0.05);三個試驗組犢牛的胸圍均顯著高于對照組(P0.05);Ⅰ組犢牛的胸圍在三個試驗組中為最高,且顯著高于Ⅲ組(P0.05)。在試驗第21天時,三個試驗組犢牛糞樣中的大腸桿菌的數(shù)量顯著低于對照組(P0.05),而其雙歧桿菌數(shù)量則顯著高于對照組(P0.05),三個試驗組的大腸桿菌數(shù)以及雙歧桿菌數(shù)之間無組間差異(P0.05)。在試驗第56天,Ⅰ組犢牛糞樣中大腸桿菌數(shù)顯著低于對照組(P0.05);三個試驗組雙歧桿菌數(shù)與對照組相比有一定的增加趨勢,但無顯著性差異(P0.05)。在0-21天,三個試驗組犢牛的糞便指數(shù)均顯著低于對照組(P0.05),且Ⅰ組犢牛的糞便指數(shù)顯著低于Ⅱ組與Ⅲ組(P0.05)。在試驗第21天時,Ⅰ組犢牛血清IgA和IgM的含量均顯著高于對照組(P0.05),三個試驗組犢牛血清中IgA的含量之間無顯著差異(P0.05);各組犢牛血清中IgG的含量之間無顯著性差異(P0.05)。在試驗第56天時,試驗組犢牛血清中IgA、IgG以及IgM的含量較對照組有升高趨勢,但各組之間無顯著性差異(P0.05)。在試驗第21天時,三個試驗組犢牛血清中IL-1β的含量均顯著高于對照組(P0.05);Ⅱ組犢牛血清中IL-1β的含量為三個試驗組中最高,且顯著高于Ⅲ組(P0.05)。在試驗第56天,Ⅰ組和Ⅱ組犢牛血清中TNF-α的含量顯著低于對照組(P0.05);Ⅲ組犢牛血清中TNF-α的含量為三個試驗中最高,但三個試驗組間無組間差異(P0.05)。各組血清中IL-1β的含量無組間差異(P0.05),但試驗組與對照組相比有一定的升高趨勢。試驗結(jié)果表明,這三種酵母培養(yǎng)物添加方式對犢牛生長發(fā)育、腸道健康以及機(jī)體免疫具均有一定的促進(jìn)作用:但經(jīng)過綜合比較分析,牛奶中添加酵母培養(yǎng)物的方式要優(yōu)于其它兩種添加方式。
[Abstract]:In this study, 20 healthy newborn Holstein calves were randomly divided into four groups, each group had 5 samples repeated; they were control group, test group I, test group II and test group III. Control group calves did not add yeast culture in milk or diet; test group I calves added 20g / (head d) yeast culture in drinking milk. No yeast culture was added to the pellets twice, 10 g each time; 4.00% yeast culture was added to the pellets in group II, and no yeast culture was added to the milk in group III; 2.00% yeast culture was added to the milk in group III, and 10 g / (head d) yeast culture was added to the milk in two times. 5 g each time. The aim of this study was to determine the best way of yeast culture by analyzing the production and development of calves, fecal flora and serum immune index, so as to provide theoretical basis and technical means for calf culture. There was no significant difference between group II and group III (P 0.05). There were significant differences in body weight, daily gain and feed-to-weight ratio among the three experimental groups (P 0.05). The body weight of group I was significantly lower than that of group II and group III (P In the control group (P 0.05), the chest circumference of group I was the highest among the three test groups, and was significantly higher than that of group III (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of bifidobacteria between groups (P 0.05). On the 56th day, the number of E. coli in feces of group I was significantly lower than that of control group (P 0.05); the number of bifidobacteria in three experimental groups had a certain increasing trend compared with that of control group, but there was no significant difference (P 0.05). In 0-21 days, the fecal index of the three experimental groups was significantly lower than that of the control group. The fecal index of group I was significantly lower than that of group II and group III (P 0.05). On the 21st day, the serum IgA and IgM levels of group I were significantly higher than those of control group (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the serum IgA levels among the three groups (P 0.05). On the 56th day of the experiment, the contents of IgA, IgG and IgM in the serum of calves in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, but there was no significant difference among the three groups (P 0.05). On the 21st day of the experiment, the contents of IL-1beta in the serum of calves in the three experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P 0.05). The content of TNF-a in serum of group I and group II was significantly lower than that of control group (P 0.05). The content of TNF-a in serum of group III was the highest among the three tests, but there was no difference among the three test groups (P 0.05). The content of IL-1 beta in serum of each group had no difference (P 0.05), but the content of TNF-a in serum of test group was significantly lower than that of control group (P 0.05). The results showed that the three kinds of yeast cultures could promote the growth and development of calves, intestinal health and immunity of the body to a certain extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S823.5

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