【摘要】：飼糧纖維成分含量的高低對于幼齡家兔腸道健康至關(guān)重要。目前,在我國的家兔養(yǎng)殖過程中經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)飼糧纖維含量較高導致幼齡家兔流行性腹瀉等腸道疾病的發(fā)病率非常高,尤其是剛斷奶的幼齡兔,且一旦大面積地發(fā)生腸道疾病便會給養(yǎng)殖戶帶來巨額的經(jīng)濟損失。有研究認為野兔腸道纖維消化率較高,這與野兔腸道中存在含量較高的纖維分解菌有關(guān)。因此,本試驗在明確家兔和野兔盲腸菌群多樣性的基礎(chǔ)上,研究菌群移植對幼齡家兔生產(chǎn)性能、盲腸微生態(tài)和免疫性能的影響以促進肉兔消化代謝。1.工廠兔、散養(yǎng)兔和野兔的盲腸菌群多樣性分析分別采集6只工廠兔、散養(yǎng)兔和野兔的盲腸內(nèi)容物并通過Hiseq測序技術(shù)分析三者的盲腸菌群多樣性和菌群結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)果表明:(1)在門、科、屬三個水平上,工廠兔盲腸豐度最高菌群分別為厚壁菌門(71.54%)、瘤胃球菌科(39.26%)、擬桿菌屬(9.45%),散養(yǎng)兔盲腸豐度最高菌群分別為為厚壁菌門(65.37%)、瘤胃球菌科(33.33%)、理研菌科RC9(17.68%),野兔盲腸豐度最高菌群分別為為厚壁菌門(63.25%)、瘤胃球菌科(29.16%)、Sphaerochaeta(12.36%)。(2)相比于工廠兔和散養(yǎng)兔,野兔的盲腸特殊優(yōu)勢菌群為螺旋體門(12.36%)-螺旋體科(12.36%)-Sphaerochaeta(12.36%)。2.菌群移植對家兔的生產(chǎn)性能、盲腸微生態(tài)和免疫性能的影響將野兔盲腸菌液移植給16窩18日齡健康伊拉肉兔,每窩4只移植生理鹽水為對照組,4只移植菌液為試驗組,并比較分析對照組和試驗組的生產(chǎn)性能、盲腸微生態(tài)和免疫性能指標。結(jié)果表明,(1)試驗組的日增重、死亡率和腹瀉率分別比對照組低0.98g/d、0.32%和1.57%(P0.05),而試驗組的中性洗滌纖維消化率和粗脂肪消化率均高于對照組(P0.05),且相對于對照組,試驗組的中性洗滌纖維消化率和粗脂肪消化率分別提高了22.44%和17.92%,說明菌群移植對家兔生產(chǎn)性能產(chǎn)生了有益的影響。(2)試驗組的盲腸p H顯著低于對照組(P0.05);試驗組的盲腸氨態(tài)氮、乙酸、丁酸和總揮發(fā)性脂肪酸含量均顯著高于對照組的含量(P0.05)而試驗組盲腸異戊酸含量顯著低于對照組(P0.05)。試驗組的盲腸細菌種類數(shù)和豐富度顯著高于對照組(P0.05),且Anosim分析結(jié)果表明,試驗組和對照組盲腸群落結(jié)構(gòu)差異顯著(R=0.16,P0.05)。從以上可以看出,說明菌群移植對家兔盲腸內(nèi)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生了有益的影響(P0.05)。(3)試驗組和對照組的免疫球蛋白(IgA和IgG)含量無顯著差異(P0.05);試驗組的空腸絨毛高度和隱窩深度均高于對照組且試驗組的空腸絨毛高度顯著高于對照組(P0.05);除MUC13外,試驗組盲腸和回腸的粘蛋白基因和促炎細胞因子(MUC4、TNF、IL8)表達量均高于對照組(P0.05),說明菌群移植未對試驗組的盲腸和回腸造成腸道炎性反應。本研究表明菌群移植能夠提高家兔的纖維消化率、改善家兔盲腸微生態(tài)和免疫性能,進而促進家兔的消化代謝。
[Abstract]:Dietary fiber content is very important for the intestinal health of young rabbits. At present, the incidence of intestinal diseases such as epidemic diarrhea in young rabbits is very high, especially in newly weaned young rabbits. And once a large area of intestinal diseases will bring huge economic losses to farmers. Some studies suggest that the high digestibility of intestinal fiber in hare is related to the existence of fibrinolytic bacteria in the intestinal tract of hare. Therefore, on the basis of identifying the diversity of cecum flora in rabbits and hare, the effects of microflora transplantation on the production performance, cecum microecology and immune performance of young rabbits were studied in order to promote digestion and metabolism of meat rabbits. Analysis on the diversity of cecum flora of factory rabbits, scattered raising rabbits and hare, the cecum contents of 6 factory rabbits, scattered cultured rabbits and wild rabbits were collected, and the diversity and structure of the cecum flora were analyzed by Hiseq sequencing. The results are as follows: (1) at the level of phylum, family, genus, The highest abundance of the cecum in factory rabbits was the phylum thuringiensis (71.54%), the family Rumen (39.26%), the genus Bacteroides (9.45%), the highest abundance of the caecum in scattered rabbits (65.37%), the family Rumen (33.33%), the RC9 (17.68%) and the highest abundance of caecum in rabbits. There were 63.25% (63.25%) phylum, 29.16% (29.16%) Sphaerochaeta (12.36%). (_ 2), and (12.36%). (_ 2, respectively. The specific dominant bacteria in the cecum of rabbits were spirulina phylum (12.36%) -Spirulaceae (12.36%) -Sphaerochaeta (12.36%) .2. Effects of bacterial population Transplantation on the production performance, Cecum Microecology and immune function of Rabbits the Cecum Bacteriological fluid of Hare was transplanted to 16 litter of 18-day-old healthy Eira meat rabbits, and 4 normal saline grafts per litter were used as the control group and 4 rabbits as the experimental group. The production performance, cecum microecology and immune performance of the control group and the experimental group were compared and analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the daily gain, mortality and diarrhea rate of the test group were 0.98 g / d 32% and 1.57% lower than those of the control group, respectively (P0.05), while the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and crude fat in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P0.05), and compared with the control group. The digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and crude fat increased by 22.44% and 17.92% respectively in the test group, which indicated that bacterial transplantation had a beneficial effect on the performance of rabbits. (2) the pH of cecum in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P0.05), the cecal ammonia nitrogen in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P0.05). The contents of acetic acid, butyric acid and total volatile fatty acids were significantly higher than those of the control group (P0.05), while the caecum isovalerate content of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05). The number and richness of cecum bacteria in the experimental group were significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.05), and the results of Anosim analysis showed that the cecum community structure of the experimental group and the control group was significantly different (RP05). As can be seen from the above, The results showed that the microflora transplantation had a beneficial effect on the cecum environment of rabbits (P0.05). (3). There was no significant difference in the contents of IgA and IgG between the test group and the control group (P0.05), and the height and depth of the jejunum villi in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group and the test group. The height of jejunum villi in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.05), except for MUC13, The expression of mucin gene and pro-inflammatory cytokine (MUC4,TNF,IL8) in cecum and ileum in experimental group was higher than that in control group (P0.05). The results showed that bacterial colony transplantation could improve the fiber digestibility of rabbits, improve the microecology and immune performance of rabbit caecum, and promote the digestion and metabolism of rabbits.
【學位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S829.1

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