【摘要】：海星作為海水養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的一大天敵,常吞食牡蠣、扇貝、鮑魚等海珍品,如何有效處理海星并實現(xiàn)其資源化利用,是我國水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展面臨的重大問題。海星蛋白質含量較高,氨基酸組成齊全,必需氨基酸間比例較為合理,接近優(yōu)質蛋白質,因此將海星開發(fā)為新型蛋白質飼料資源具有十分巨大的潛力,但是海星體內含有有毒物質-皂苷,過量食入會造成死亡,因此在海星資源化利用之前需有效脫除毒性物質皂苷。本文首次進行了海星資源化利用為蛋白質飼料的脫毒方法探究及微波真空干燥的試驗研究,獲得了符合飼料用的無毒干燥海星,為海星的環(huán)境增值開發(fā)利用提供了初步加工方法。本文通過海星的脫毒試驗研究,探討了檸檬酸濃度、脫毒溫度、料液比及脫毒時間對海星皂苷脫除率和蛋白質保留率的影響;并對脫毒后海星進行微波真空干燥研究,探討微波功率密度、脈沖時間和真空度對海星的干燥特性、能耗以及蛋白質保留率的影響,結果表明:(1)海星脫毒試驗中增大檸檬酸濃度、提高脫毒溫度、延長脫毒時間均可提高海星的皂苷脫除率,但也會造成海星蛋白質保留率的降低;增大料液比會降低海星蛋白質保留率,當料液比為1:10左右時海星的皂苷脫除率最大。(2)海星脫毒試驗中四個因素對海星皂苷脫除率和蛋白質保留率綜合影響程度由大到小依次為:脫毒溫度脫毒時間料液比檸檬酸濃度。通過正交試驗得出當檸檬酸濃度為0.1mol/l,脫毒溫度為50℃,料液比為1:8,脫毒時間為3h時海星具有較好的脫毒效果,其皂苷脫除率和蛋白質保留率依次為70.96%和91.29%,綜合評分為1.982。(3)海星微波真空干燥試驗中微波功率密度對海星的干燥過程影響最大,較高的微波功率會加快干燥速率、降低能耗,但不利于蛋白質的保留;另外,選擇較長的脈沖時間和較高的真空度,有利于提高干燥速率、降低能耗;縮短脈沖時間和真空度可提高海星的蛋白質保留率。Page模型能較好的描述海星微波真空干燥的特性,預測結果與試驗值擬合良好。(4)響應面試驗優(yōu)化海星的微波真空干燥試驗結果得出,微波功率密度、脈沖時間對海星微波真空干燥的綜合評分有極顯著性影響,且微波功率密與脈沖時間對綜合評分也有交互作用。最佳工藝參數(shù)為:微波功率密度為4w/g,脈沖時間為60s,真空度為0.090MPa,在此條件下海星微波真空干燥的平均干燥速率為2.95%/min,能耗為0.0118kw.h/g,蛋白質保留率為93.80%,綜合評分為0.751,與預測值絕對誤差僅為0.8%。實驗值與理論值是吻合的,證明了該模型的合理可靠性。
[Abstract]:As a natural enemy of mariculture, sea starfish often devours oyster, scallop, abalone and other sea treasures. How to deal with sea star effectively and realize its resource utilization is a major problem in the development of aquaculture industry in China. Starfish has high protein content, complete amino acid composition, reasonable proportion of essential amino acids, close to high quality protein, so it has great potential to develop sea star as a new protein feed resource. But there is a toxic substance in starfish, saponin, which can cause death by excessive feeding, so it is necessary to effectively remove the toxic substance saponins before the utilization of starfish resources. In this paper, the method of detoxification of starfish as protein feed and the experimental study of microwave vacuum drying were carried out for the first time. Non-toxic dried starfish suitable for feed was obtained. It provides a preliminary processing method for the development and utilization of sea starfish. In this paper, the effects of concentration of citric acid, temperature of detoxification, ratio of substance to liquid and time of detoxification on the removal rate and protein retention rate of saponins from starfish were studied, and microwave vacuum drying of starfish after detoxification was carried out. The effects of microwave power density, pulse time and vacuum on the drying characteristics, energy consumption and protein retention rate of starfish were discussed. The results showed that: (1) the concentration of citric acid and the temperature of detoxification were increased in the detoxification test of starfish. Prolonging the time of detoxification can increase the removal rate of saponins from starfish, but it will also decrease the protein retention rate of starfish, and increase the ratio of material to liquid will decrease the protein retention rate of starfish. When the ratio of material to liquid was about 1:10, the removal rate of saponins was the largest. (2) in the detoxification test of starfish, the comprehensive influence of four factors on the removal rate and protein retention rate of starfish saponins was as follows: the concentration of detoxification temperature at detoxification time was higher than the concentration of citric acid at the time of detoxification. The results of orthogonal experiment show that the detoxification effect of starfish is better when the concentration of citric acid is 0.1 mol / l, the temperature of detoxification is 50 鈩，

本文編號：2234899