發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-06 10:02

【摘要】：本研究以康大肉兔配套系培育過程中及育成后的生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,結(jié)合生產(chǎn)情況及育種需要,利用數(shù)量遺傳學(xué)、生物統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)、育種學(xué)等理論,確定了五個(gè)次級(jí)繁殖性狀。隨后根據(jù)動(dòng)物模型最大似然法原理(REML),借助ASReml軟件對(duì)這五個(gè)次級(jí)繁殖性狀的遺傳參數(shù)進(jìn)行了初步估計(jì);利用EXCEL對(duì)各品系的常規(guī)繁殖性狀的表型參數(shù)進(jìn)行了計(jì)算;利用SAS9.1軟件對(duì)常規(guī)繁殖性狀進(jìn)行了差異性分析和相關(guān)性分析;對(duì)固定效應(yīng)對(duì)繁殖的影響進(jìn)行了估計(jì),分析了季節(jié)、胎次、場-年效應(yīng)對(duì)繁殖的影響。五個(gè)次級(jí)繁殖性狀分別為終生繁殖胎次、生產(chǎn)壽命、胎間距、年斷奶仔兔數(shù)和產(chǎn)子選留數(shù)�？傮w來看,專門化父系(5系、6系、7系)、專門化母系(1系、2系)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品系(3系、4系)三系之間表現(xiàn)出系間差異顯著、系內(nèi)差異不顯著的趨勢。終生繁殖胎次表現(xiàn)出較為明顯的差別,其中父系(4.46-4.80胎)低于母系(5.03-5.04胎),標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品系最高(5.20-5.90胎);生產(chǎn)壽命也表現(xiàn)出相似的規(guī)律,父系(155.06-190.00天)低于母系(210.00-210.80天);三類專門化品系之間的胎間距基本相同,父系的胎間距(60.85-67.48天)略低于母系(67.00-68.64天),低于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品系(66.54-69.49天);年斷奶仔兔數(shù)三類專門化品系之間基本相同,系間差異不顯著;產(chǎn)子選留數(shù)父系(5.76-6.69只)系內(nèi)差異顯著,母系(6.26-6.55只)差異不顯著,但均高于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品系(5.47-5.71只)。終生繁殖胎次遺傳力在0.0690-0.0804之間;生產(chǎn)壽命的遺傳力在0.0360-0.0736之間;胎間距遺傳力在0.0662-0.0782之間;年斷奶仔兔數(shù)的遺傳力在0.0526-0.0821之間,產(chǎn)子選留數(shù)的遺傳力在0.0491-0.0859之間。五個(gè)次級(jí)繁殖性狀的遺傳力均低于0.1,屬于低遺傳力性狀。各系的產(chǎn)仔數(shù)、產(chǎn)活仔數(shù)、初生窩重、初生個(gè)體重、21日齡窩重、21日齡活仔數(shù)、21日齡個(gè)體重、斷奶個(gè)體重普遍存在顯著或極顯著性差異。其中,5系和6系、2系和5系、1系和6系、2系和6系的初生窩重差異不顯著;2系和3系的初生個(gè)體重差異不顯著;5系和6系的21日齡個(gè)體重差異不顯著;1系和5系、4系和7系的21日齡活仔數(shù)差異不顯著;5系和6系的斷奶個(gè)體重差異不顯著。其余性狀之間差異性顯著或者極顯著。窩產(chǎn)仔數(shù)和窩產(chǎn)活仔數(shù)呈較強(qiáng)正相關(guān);窩產(chǎn)活仔數(shù)和出生個(gè)體重呈較弱相關(guān),但窩產(chǎn)活仔數(shù)和初生窩重呈較強(qiáng)正相關(guān),;出生個(gè)體重和21日齡個(gè)體重與斷奶活仔數(shù)呈正相關(guān),表明體重較大的個(gè)體成活率更高,可以借此對(duì)斷奶仔兔數(shù)進(jìn)行選擇。季節(jié)對(duì)各系的繁殖性能產(chǎn)生顯著影響。綜合來看,冬季繁殖性能最高,春季次之,夏季繁殖性能最差且與其他三個(gè)季節(jié)普遍存在顯著性差異。各系肉兔不同胎次的繁殖性能有顯著差異。隨著胎次的增加,繁殖性能先上升后下降,第2胎、第3胎達(dá)到頂點(diǎn)后開始下降,五胎以后出現(xiàn)明顯的下降。第1胎繁殖性能顯著低于第2胎、第3胎的繁殖性能,略低于第4胎,與第5胎、5胎以上繁殖性能差異不顯著。生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)該注意調(diào)整群體結(jié)構(gòu),對(duì)6胎及以上母兔及時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)群淘汰。場-年效應(yīng)對(duì)各系繁殖性能產(chǎn)生較為明顯的影響,總體而言,隨著時(shí)間的推進(jìn),后代的生長速度和體重持續(xù)增加,但母兔的產(chǎn)仔數(shù)和產(chǎn)活仔數(shù)降低。其中,母系的LS、NBA呈下降趨勢,W、LW21、WW呈上升趨勢;父系的LS、NBA、LS21呈下降趨勢,W、LW21、WW呈上升趨勢;標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品系LWW、LSW呈下降趨勢,WW呈上升趨勢。
[Abstract]:In this study, five secondary reproductive traits were determined by using quantitative genetics, biostatistics and breeding theory. Then, according to the principle of maximum likelihood method (REML) of animal model, the five traits were analyzed by ASReml software. The genetic parameters of secondary reproductive traits were preliminarily estimated; the phenotypic parameters of conventional reproductive traits were calculated by EXCEL; the differences and correlation of conventional reproductive traits were analyzed by SAS9.1 software; the effects of fixed effects on reproduction were estimated, and the seasonal, parity and field-year effects were analyzed. The five secondary reproductive traits were lifetime reproductive parity, production life span, fetal spacing, number of weaned rabbits per year and number of selected offspring. There were significant differences in the number of lifetime reproduction, in which the paternal line (4.46-4.80 fetuses) was lower than the maternal line (5.03-5.04 fetuses), the standard strain was the highest (5.20-5.90 fetuses); the life span of the paternal line (155.06-190.00 days) was lower than the maternal line (210.00-210.80 days); the fetal spacing between the three specialized strains was basically the same, and the paternal line was the highest (5.20-5.90 fetuses). The distance (60.85-67.48 days) was slightly lower than the maternal line (67.00-68.64 days) and lower than the standard strain (66.54-69.49 days); the number of weaned rabbits per year was basically the same among the three specialized strains, and there was no significant difference between the lines; the number of paternal lines (5.76-6.69) had significant difference within the maternal line (6.26-6.55) but higher than the standard strain (5.47-5.71). The heritability of birth and reproduction was between 0.0690 and 0.0804; the heritability of production life was between 0.0360 and 0.0736; the heritability of fetal spacing was between 0.0662 and 0.0782; the heritability of weaned rabbits was between 0.0526 and 0.0821, and the heritability of selected seed was between 0.0491 and 0.0859. There were significant or extremely significant differences in litter size, litter size, litter weight, litter weight, litter weight, litter weight, litter weight of 21 days, litter weight of 21 days, individual weight of 21 days, and weaning weight among all lines. There was no significant difference in 21-day-old individual weight between 5 and 6 lines; there was no significant difference in 21-day-old live litter number between 1 and 5 lines, 4 and 7 lines; there was no significant difference in weaned individual weight between 5 and 6 lines. There was a strong positive correlation between litter size and litter size, and a positive correlation between litter size and litter size at birth and 21-day-old, suggesting a higher survival rate for the heavier individuals, which could be used to select the number of weaned rabbits. The reproductive performance of each strain of meat rabbit was significantly different from that of the other three seasons. The reproductive performance of the third fetus was slightly lower than that of the fourth fetus, and there was no significant difference with that of the fifth fetus and above. The growth rate and weight continued to increase, but the litter size and live litter size of female rabbits decreased. Among them, maternal LS, NBA showed a downward trend, W, LW21, WW showed an upward trend; paternal LS, NBA, LS21 showed a downward trend, W, LW21, WW showed an upward trend; standard strains LWW, LSW showed a downward trend, WW showed an upward trend.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S829.1

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