【摘要】：以?xún)?nèi)蒙古科爾沁沙丘.草甸相間地區(qū)為研究區(qū),野外布設(shè)并取樣231個(gè)土壤取樣點(diǎn),采用威爾科克斯法測(cè)定上壤田間持水量：均勻選取其中49個(gè)點(diǎn)作為圍框淹灌法測(cè)試點(diǎn),并在20cm處取土樣采用水分特征曲線(xiàn)法獲得各點(diǎn)的田間持水量。選擇研究區(qū)內(nèi)具有代表性的6個(gè)：土壤生態(tài)點(diǎn),分析一場(chǎng)降雨后0～40cm土壤的含水率的變化。對(duì)比分析不同方法得到的田間持水量數(shù)據(jù),有以下結(jié)論：1.實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)劃分為八種地貌類(lèi)型,對(duì)土壤進(jìn)行土壤理化參數(shù)分析。將田間持水量與飽和含水量進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,兩者表現(xiàn)出極好的相關(guān)性。2.4種測(cè)定方法得到的田間持水量在不同地貌類(lèi)型區(qū)的變化規(guī)律大體一致,但數(shù)值差異很大。壓力板法沙丘區(qū)選擇pF 1.8法,草甸區(qū)選擇pF2.52法可得到與威爾科克斯法相同的測(cè)試結(jié)果；威爾科克斯法與灌水法和天然降水法測(cè)試結(jié)果之間存在很大的差距：同時(shí),圍框淹灌法還受到前期降雨的影響,建議采用圍框淹灌法測(cè)量田間持水量時(shí)應(yīng)避開(kāi)降雨實(shí)施或延長(zhǎng)測(cè)定時(shí)間；3.天然降水法在降雨量為60mm左右時(shí),地下水位埋深大的沙丘區(qū)在0～40cm以?xún)?nèi)的土壤可以獲得較準(zhǔn)確的田間持水量數(shù)值,沙丘區(qū)的建議取樣時(shí)間為12～24h,地下水位埋深較小的草甸區(qū)受地下水影響,無(wú)法獲得準(zhǔn)確的田間持水量的數(shù)值。威爾科克斯法不受地下水位影響,與脫水時(shí)間相關(guān),選擇合適的脫水時(shí)間即可得到正確的田間持水量值,砂土選用36-40h,砂壤土與壤砂土選用44～48h。4.基于威爾科克斯法獲得的田間持水量數(shù)據(jù),運(yùn)用地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析研究區(qū)土壤田間持水量的空間分布。結(jié)果為：田間持水量表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的空間相關(guān)性,經(jīng)交義驗(yàn)證,選擇最佳的變差函數(shù)，并運(yùn)用泛克里格插值法模擬土壤特性的空間分布。整體呈現(xiàn)出以湖為中心向四周逐漸減小的趨勢(shì),與干容重的相關(guān)性最好,呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:To Inner Mongolia Horqin sand dunes. The meadow interphase area was used as the study area, 231 soil sampling points were set up and sampled in the field. The field water holding capacity of upper soil was determined by Wilcox method. Forty-nine of them were chosen as the test points of the frame flooding irrigation method. The field water holding capacity of each point was obtained by the method of water characteristic curve at 20cm. Six representative soil ecological sites in the study area were selected to analyze the change of soil moisture content of 0~40cm after a single rainfall. Comparing and analyzing the field water capacity data obtained by different methods, the conclusions are as follows: 1. The experimental area was divided into eight geomorphological types and the soil physical and chemical parameters were analyzed. The correlation analysis between field water holding capacity and saturated water content showed that there was a good correlation between them. The variation law of field water holding capacity in different geomorphological type areas was basically the same, but the numerical value was very different. The pF 1.8 method is chosen in the pressure plate method and the pF2.52 method is chosen in the meadow area, and the test results are the same as those obtained by the Wilcox method, and there is a big gap between the Wilcox method and the irrigation method and the natural precipitation method: at the same time, The frame flooding irrigation method is also affected by the early rainfall. It is suggested that the rainfall should be avoided or the measuring time should be prolonged when the surrounding frame flooding irrigation method is used to measure the field water holding capacity. When the rainfall of natural precipitation is about 60mm, the soil in the dune area with large groundwater level buried in 0~40cm can obtain more accurate field water holding capacity. The recommended sampling time in sand dune area is 12 ~ 24 hours. The meadow area with lower groundwater level is affected by groundwater, so it is impossible to obtain accurate field water holding capacity. Wilcox method is not affected by groundwater level and is related to dehydration time. The correct field water holding value can be obtained by selecting suitable dehydration time. Sand soil is chosen for 36-40 hours, sand loam and loam soil for 44 ~ 48h. Based on the field water holding data obtained by Wilcox method, the spatial distribution of soil field water capacity in the study area was analyzed by geostatistics. The results were as follows: the field water holding capacity showed strong spatial correlation. The optimal variation function was selected and the spatial distribution of soil characteristics was simulated by pankriging interpolation. The whole showed a decreasing trend with the lake as the center, and the correlation with dry bulk density was the best, with a negative correlation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S812.2

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