【摘要】：【目的】本實(shí)驗(yàn)旨在明確3個(gè)低濃度高效氯氟氰菊酯對(duì)西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera生存能力與學(xué)習(xí)記憶的影響,為蜂群的健康養(yǎng)殖及深入研究蜜蜂發(fā)生蜂群崩潰失調(diào)病(colony collapse disorder,CCD)現(xiàn)象機(jī)理提供一定的理論參考。【方法】通過點(diǎn)滴法分別給剛羽化蜜蜂背部點(diǎn)滴不同劑量(1/2 LD_(50),1/4 LD_(50)和1/8 LD_(50))的高效氯氟氰菊酯(以點(diǎn)滴純丙酮為溶劑對(duì)照),并進(jìn)行籠養(yǎng),記錄各組蜜蜂每天死亡情況;藥物處理后第7天,利用吻伸反應(yīng)(proboscis extension response,PER)方法測(cè)定不同濃度高效氯氟氰菊酯對(duì)西方蜜蜂工蜂學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力的影響。將剛羽化的蜜蜂用不同劑量高效氯氟氰菊酯處理后放入原始蜂群,20 d后采集氯氟氰菊酯處理后的20日齡工蜂,對(duì)其定距離放飛歸巢能力進(jìn)行檢測(cè),采用實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR對(duì)記憶相關(guān)基因谷氨酸受體基因(GluRA)和N-甲基-D天冬氨酸受體基因(Nmdar1)的相對(duì)表達(dá)量進(jìn)行檢測(cè)�！窘Y(jié)果】1/2 LD_(50)組工蜂的平均壽命顯著低于1/4 LD_(50)組、1/8 LD_(50)組和對(duì)照組(P0.05),而后三者之間差異不顯著(P0.05)。1/2LD_(50)組工蜂PER成功率也顯著低于1/4 LD_(50)組、1/8 LD_(50)組和對(duì)照組(P0.05),后三者之間差異也不顯著(P0.05)。1/8 LD_(50)組和對(duì)照組蜜蜂在1 000 m處的歸巢率顯著高于1/2 LD_(50)組和1/4LD_(50)組(P0.05),但1/2 LD_(50)組與1/4 LD_(50)組以及1/8 LD_(50)與對(duì)照組之間差異不顯著(P0.05)。1/8 LD_(50)組和對(duì)照組工蜂的GluRA基因表達(dá)量顯著高于1/2 LD_(50)組和1/4 LD_(50)組(P0.05),而且1/4 LD_(50)組工蜂的GluRA基因表達(dá)量也顯著高于1/2 LD_(50)組(P0.05),但1/8 LD_(50)組與對(duì)照組工蜂的GluRA基因表達(dá)量差異不顯著(P0.05);1/4 LD_(50)組、1/8 LD_(50)組和對(duì)照組工蜂的Nmdar1基因相對(duì)表達(dá)量均顯著高于1/2 LD_(50)組(P0.05),但前三者之間差異不顯著(P0.05)�！窘Y(jié)論】高效氯氟氰菊酯對(duì)西方蜜蜂的生存能力和記憶行為特性具有一定的影響,這種農(nóng)藥的不合理使用可能影響著蜜蜂的健康養(yǎng)殖。
[Abstract]:[objective] to investigate the effects of three low concentration and high efficiency cyhalothrin on Apis mellifera survival and learning and memory of honeybee. To provide some theoretical reference for healthy breeding of honeybee and the mechanism of honeybee (colony collapse disorder,CCD. [methods] different doses (1 / 2 LD_ (50) 1 / 4 LD_ (50) and 1 / 4 LD_ (50) were given to the back of newly emerging honeybee by drip. A 1 / 8 LD_ (50) high performance cypermethrin (as compared with a drop of pure acetone as a solvent control) and caged, On the 7th day after drug treatment, the effects of different concentrations of cypermethrin on the learning and memory ability of worker bees were measured by (proboscis extension response,PER. The newly emerging bees were treated with different doses of high efficiency cypermethrin and then put into the original colony for 20 days to collect the 20-day old worker bees treated with cyhalothrin. The ability of flying home to nest at fixed distance was measured. The relative expression of memory associated gene glutamate receptor gene (GluRA) and N-methyl-D aspartate receptor gene (Nmdar1) was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. [results] the average lifespan of worker bees in 1 / 2 LD_ (50) group was significantly lower than that in 1 / 4 LD_ (50) group. There was no significant difference among the three groups (P0.05). The success rate of PER in the 1 / 4 LD_ (50) group was significantly lower than that in the 1 / 4 LD_ (50) group and the control group (P0.05). There was no significant difference between the latter three groups (P0.05). 1 / 8 LD_ (50) group and the control group (P < 0.05). It was significantly higher than that in 1 / 2 LD_ (50) group and 1 / 4 LD50 group (P0.05), but there was no significant difference in GluRA gene expression between 1 / 2 LD_ (50) group and 1 / 4 LD_ (50) group and 1 / 8 LD_ (50) group and control group (P0.05). 1 / 8 LD_ (50) group and control group were significantly higher than those in 1 / 2 LD_ (50) group and 1 / 4 LD_ (50) group (P0.05), and the 1 / 4 LD_ (50) group had significantly higher GluRA gene expression than those in the 1 / 2 LD_ (50) group and 1 / 4 LD_ (50) group (P0.05). GluRA gene expression was also significantly higher in 1 / 2 LD_ (50) group than in 1 / 2 LD_ (50) group (P0.05), but there was no significant difference in GluRA gene expression between the 1 / 8 LD_ (50) group and the control group (P0.05). The Nmdar1 gene relative expression level in the 1 / 8 LD_ (50) group and the control group was significantly higher than that in the 1 / 2 LD_ (50) group (P0.05), but in the first three LD_ (50) group, the Nmdar1 gene relative expression level was significantly higher than that in the 1 / 2 LD_ (50) group (P0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups (P0.05). [conclusion] High efficiency cypermethrin has a certain effect on the survival ability and memory behavior of western honeybee. The improper use of this pesticide may affect the healthy breeding of bees.
【作者單位】： 江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)蜜蜂研究所;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31060327) 國家蜂產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系資助項(xiàng)目(CARS-45-kxj12)
【分類號(hào)】：S482.3;S89

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