【摘要】：本試驗(yàn)選用健康、產(chǎn)蛋均勻的380日齡的海蘭褐商品蛋雞480只，隨機(jī)分為2組，分別為對(duì)照組和試驗(yàn)組，每組內(nèi)設(shè)3個(gè)重復(fù)，每個(gè)重復(fù)80只蛋雞，對(duì)照組飼喂基礎(chǔ)日糧，試驗(yàn)組在基礎(chǔ)日糧中添加500mg/kg枯草芽孢桿菌制劑。通過(guò)飼養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)，研究枯草芽孢桿菌對(duì)海蘭褐商品蛋雞生產(chǎn)性能、血清生化指標(biāo)、蛋品質(zhì)以及蛋殼超微結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。在上述試驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行了枯草芽孢桿菌的推廣試驗(yàn)。通過(guò)枯草芽孢桿菌對(duì)蛋雞生產(chǎn)性能的影響，分析其對(duì)蛋雞經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的影響。本研究對(duì)提高蛋雞生產(chǎn)性能、改善雞蛋品質(zhì)、提高蛋雞生產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下： 1.枯草芽孢桿菌顯著提高了蛋雞生產(chǎn)性能。試驗(yàn)組的蛋重相比于對(duì)照組提高了2.62%，，破蛋率比對(duì)照組降低了11.69%，且差異顯著（P0.05）；試驗(yàn)組的采食量、料蛋比和死淘率相比于對(duì)照組有所降低（P0.05）；試驗(yàn)組的產(chǎn)蛋率相比于對(duì)照組也有升高的趨勢(shì)(P0.05）。 2.枯草芽孢桿菌能顯著改善蛋雞血清生化指標(biāo)。試驗(yàn)組的總蛋白和白蛋白分別比對(duì)照組提高了7.76%（P0.05）和10.15%（P0.05）；相比于對(duì)照組，試驗(yàn)組的血糖含量提高了27.63%（P0.01），總膽固醇含量降低了8.03%（P0.05），血鈣含量提高了5.88%（P0.05），而血磷含量有所降低（P0.05）。 3.枯草芽孢桿菌改善了蛋品質(zhì)。與對(duì)照組相比，試驗(yàn)組的蛋殼強(qiáng)度提高了16.20%（P＜0.05）；試驗(yàn)組的蛋殼厚度、蛋殼顏色、蛋黃顏色、哈氏單位相比于對(duì)照組均有提高的趨勢(shì)（P0.05）；兩組的蛋殼相對(duì)重和蛋形指數(shù)變化不顯著（P0.05）；兩組的蛋殼中鈣、磷含量差異不顯著（P＞0.05）。 4.枯草芽孢桿菌改善了蛋殼結(jié)構(gòu)。試驗(yàn)組蛋殼外表面的裂紋更細(xì)更密，乳錐層的突起結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊密，乳頭數(shù)較多而且乳頭較窄，柱狀層和表面晶體層的結(jié)構(gòu)都更加致密。 5.枯草芽孢桿菌提高了蛋雞養(yǎng)殖的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，試驗(yàn)組比對(duì)照組每只蛋雞可增加0.31元的收入，毛利比對(duì)照組提高了22.69%。 結(jié)論：枯草芽孢桿菌能顯著提高雞蛋蛋重，降低破蛋率；枯草芽孢桿菌能顯著提高蛋雞血清中總蛋白、血糖、血鈣含量，降低總膽固醇含量；枯草芽孢桿菌能顯著提高蛋殼強(qiáng)度，對(duì)蛋殼中鈣、磷含量并無(wú)顯著影響；枯草芽孢桿菌能改善蛋殼結(jié)構(gòu)，使蛋殼結(jié)構(gòu)更加致密；枯草芽孢桿菌可以提高蛋雞養(yǎng)殖的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
[Abstract]:A total of 480 Hailan commercial laying hens of 380 days old, which were healthy and evenly laying eggs, were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the experimental group. Each group was divided into 3 replicates and 80 layers per replica. The control group was fed with basic diet. The trial group added 500mg/kg Bacillus subtilis to the basal diet. The effects of Bacillus subtilis on production performance, serum biochemical index, egg quality and eggshell ultrastructure of Hailan Brown layer were studied. On the basis of the above experiments, the extension test of Bacillus subtilis was carried out. The effect of Bacillus subtilis on the performance of laying hens was analyzed. This study has important practical significance for improving the performance of laying hens, improving egg quality and improving the economic benefits of laying hens. The results are as follows: 1. Bacillus subtilis significantly improved the performance of laying hens. Compared with the control group, the egg weight of the test group increased 2.62%, the broken egg rate decreased 11.69%, and the difference was significant (P0.05), the feed intake, feed / egg ratio and death rate of the test group were lower than that of the control group (P0.05). Compared with the control group, the egg laying rate of the test group also increased (P0.05). Bacillus subtilis could significantly improve the serum biochemical index of laying hens. Compared with the control group, the total protein and albumin of the experimental group increased by 7.76% (P0.05) and 10.15% (P0.05), the blood glucose content increased by 27.63% (P0.01), the total cholesterol content decreased by 8.03% (P0.05), the serum calcium content increased by 5.88% (P0.05), and the blood phosphorus content decreased (P0.05). Bacillus subtilis improved egg quality. Compared with the control group, the eggshell strength of the test group increased by 16.20% (P < 0.05), and the eggshell thickness, eggshell color, yolk color, and Hardite unit of the experimental group were all increased compared with the control group (P0.05). The eggshell relative weight and egg shape index of the two groups were not significantly changed (P0.05), and the contents of calcium and phosphorus in the eggshell of the two groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05). 4. Bacillus subtilis improved the eggshell structure. In the test group, the cracks on the outer surface of the eggshell were finer and denser, the protruding structure of the milk cone layer was more compact, the number of nipples was more and the nipple was narrower, and the structure of the columnar layer and the surface crystal layer were all denser and denser. Bacillus subtilis increased the economic benefit of laying hens. Compared with the control group, the income of each layer in the test group was increased by 0.31 yuan, and the gross profit was increased by 22.69 yuan compared with the control group. Conclusion: Bacillus subtilis can significantly increase egg weight and reduce egg breaking rate, and Bacillus subtilis can significantly increase serum total protein, blood glucose, blood calcium content and decrease total cholesterol content of laying hens. Bacillus subtilis could significantly improve the eggshell strength, but had no significant effect on the contents of calcium and phosphorus in the eggshell, Bacillus subtilis could improve the eggshell structure and make the eggshell structure denser, and Bacillus subtilis could improve the economic benefit of laying hens.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S831.5

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