日糧精粗比對大足黑山羊生產(chǎn)性能及肉質(zhì)的影響
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-01 11:56
【摘要】：本試驗采用隨機單位組試驗設計,旨在研究日糧精粗比對大足黑山羊生產(chǎn)性能、屠宰性能、肉質(zhì)和脂肪沉積相關(guān)基因表達的影響。試驗選擇32只3-5月齡健康的大足黑山羊,按體重、出生日期相近的原則分成8個單位組,將各單位組內(nèi)的4只羊隨機分到4個處理組,分別飼喂精粗比為4:6(A1)、3:7(A2)、2:8(A3)、1:9(A4)的日糧,進行59天的飼養(yǎng)實驗。測定了飼喂4種日糧的大足黑山羊的生產(chǎn)性能、屠宰性能、肉質(zhì)和血液脂肪代謝等指標,同時運用Real-time PCR技術(shù)檢測了FAS和H-FABP基因轉(zhuǎn)錄表達水平,得到的主要結(jié)果如下：1.隨著日糧精料比例的提高,末重和日增重增加,料肉比下降。A1組的末重極顯著高于A2、A3和A4組(P0.01),其中A3和A4組之間差異不顯著(P0.05)；對于日增重,A1到A4組分別是：126.27g/d±10.73 g/d、112.29 g/d±11.98 g/d、81.14 g/d±9.43g/d、73.30g/d±9.14g/d,其中A1和A2組極顯著高于A3和A4組(P0.01),并且A3和A4組之間差異顯著(0.01P0.05);料重比A1到A4組分別是：7.01g/g±0.85g/g、7.91g/g±1.13g/g、9.64g/g±1.14g/g、10.69g/g±1.13g/g,各處理組間差異極顯著(P0.01)。2.屠宰性能方面,A1和A2組的宰前活重極顯著高于A3和A4組(P0.01),其中A1和A2組之間差異不顯著(P0.05)；A1組的胴體重極顯著高于A2、A3和A4組(P0.01),其中A3和A4組之間差異顯著(0.01P0.05)；A1、A2、A3和A4組屠宰率分別是39.17%±0.50%、36.62%±0.78%、34.81%±0.25%和33.97%±0.56%,A1組的屠宰率極顯著高于A2、A3和A4組(P0.01),而A3和A4組之間差異不顯著(P0.05)；A1、A2和A3組的眼肌面積均顯著高于A4組(0.01P0.05),其中A1、A2、A3組之間差異不顯著(P0.05)。3.肉質(zhì)方面,(1)日糧精粗比的改變對常規(guī)肉質(zhì)指標中的pH24h值、滴水損失和肉色無顯著影響(P0.05);與A1組相比,A2、A3和A4組的蒸煮損失極顯著升高(P0.01),其中A3和A4組之間差異不顯著(P0.05);A1和A2組的剪切力極顯著低于A3和A4組(P0.01),其中A1和A2組之間差異不顯著(P0.05)；對于失水率,A1組到A4組分別為13.04%±0.34%、13.50%±0.23%、13.94%±0.14%和14.44%±0.13%,各組之間差異極顯著(P0.01)；Al組的系水力顯著高于A2、A3和A4組(0.01P0.05),其中A2和A3組之間、A3和A4組之間差異不顯著(P0.05)。(2)各試驗組肌肉的水分含量相近,差異不顯著(P0.05);與A1組相比,A2組的粗蛋白含量顯著下降(0.01P0.05),A3和A4組極顯著降低(P0.01),其中A2和A3組之間、A3和A4組之間差異不顯著(P0.05); A1、A2、A3和A4組粗脂肪含量分別是：1.57%±0.09%、1.30%±0.10%、1.12%±0.04%、1.08%±0.04%,A1組極顯著高于A2、A3和A4組(P0.01),其中A3和A4組之間差異不顯著(P0.05)；氨基酸方面,A2組17種游離氨基酸和總氨基酸含量均高于其余三組,由大到小的順序依次為,A2組A3組A4組A1組,其中5種鮮味氨基酸：天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸以及賴氨酸的含量在各處理組間差異顯著(0.01P0.05),各處理組總鮮味氨基酸含量分別為A1組7.25g/100g±0.39g/100g、A2組8.10g/100g±0.71g/100g、A3組7.84g/100g±0.51g/100g、A4組7.34g/100g±0.31g/100g；背最長肌脂肪酸含量,飽和脂肪酸含量隨日糧精料比例的降低先下降,而當精粗比為1：9時又略微升高；相反地,不飽和脂肪酸含量隨精粗比的降低而升高,最后在A4組出現(xiàn)下降,其中棕櫚酸、油酸、亞麻酸、花生酸、二十烯酸和二十四烷酸含量的變化,在各處理組間差異顯著(0.01P0.05),A1、A2、A3、A4組不飽和脂肪酸含量分別是46.75%±0.88%、52.27%±1.33%、57.08%±2.20%、51.26%±1.47%。說明一定范圍內(nèi)增加日糧粗料比例可提高羊肉中不飽和脂肪酸含量,降低飽和脂肪酸和鮮味氨基酸含量,但過低的精粗比反而會降低羊肉中不飽和脂肪酸的含量。4.隨著日糧精料比例的降低,血清中甘油三酯、總膽固醇、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇和低密度脂蛋白膽固醇在血液中的含量也表現(xiàn)出下降,A4組最低。甘油三酯方面,A1、A2、A3、A4組分別是3.31mmmol/L±0.27 mmol/L、2.37 mmol/L±00.37 mmol/L、2.08 mmol/L±0.44 mmol/L、1.83 mmol/L±0.33 mmol/L,其中A1組極顯著高于A2、A3和A4組(P0.01),而A2、A3、A4組之間差異不顯著(P0.05);總膽固醇和高密度脂蛋白膽固醇在各處理組間差異均極顯著(P0.01);A1和A2組的低密度脂蛋白膽固醇極顯著高于A3和A4組(P0.01),其中A3和A4組之間差異不顯著(P0.05)。對于VFA而言,乙酸/丙酸比值隨著日糧精粗比的升高而下降,從低到高分別為A1組0.82±0.04、A2組0.92±0.05、A3組1.80±0.25、A4組2.07±0.48,A1組極顯著低于A3和A4組(P0.01),A2組顯著低于A3和A4組(0.01P0.05),其中A1和A2組之間差異不顯著(P0.05)；血清乙酸、丙酸和丁酸濃度隨精料比例的升高先升高,在A2組達到最大值后極顯著降低(P0.01)。5.FAS(脂肪酸合成酶基因)和H-FABP(心型脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白基因)基因在肝臟組織中的轉(zhuǎn)錄表達水平隨著日糧精粗比的降低而下降。A1組基因的相對表達量最高,A2組其次,A4和A3組的表達量最低；與A1組相比,A2、A4和A3組的H-FABP基因的表達水平分別下降17.45%、55.56%和60.32%；對于FAS基因的表達水平,A1組分別高于A2、A4和A3組20.72%、44.09%和47.25%。綜上,本實驗條件下,增加日糧精粗比可以明顯提高大足黑山羊的生產(chǎn)性能和屠宰性能,促進羊肉肌內(nèi)脂肪的沉積,改善肉質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:The experiment was designed with a random unit group test to study the effect of grain precision ratio on the production performance, slaughter performance, meat and fat deposition related gene expression of Dazu black goat. 32 3-5 month old healthy big foot black goats were selected and divided into 8 units according to the principle of body weight and the date of birth, and 4 sheep in each unit group. 4 treatment groups were randomly divided into 4 groups, which were fed on the diet of 59 days in the diet of 4:6 (A1), 3:7 (A2), 2:8 (A3) and 1:9 (A4). The production performance, slaughter performance, meat quality and blood fat metabolism of 4 kinds of diet fed Black Goats were measured, and the transcriptional expression of FAS and H-FABP genes was detected by Real-time PCR technology. The main results were as follows: 1. with the increase in the proportion of grain concentrate, the final weight and daily weight gain increased, and the end weight of the.A1 group was significantly higher than that of A2, A3 and A4 (P0.01), among which the difference between A3 and A4 groups was not significant (P0.05). For the daily gain, A1 to A4 groups were 126.27g/d + 10.73 g/d, 112.29 + 11.98, 81.14 /d + 9.43g/d, 73.30g/d + 9.14g/d, among which A1 and A2 groups were significantly higher than those of A3 and A4 group (P0.01), and the difference between A3 and A4 groups was significant (0.01P0.05). The live weight before slaughter was significantly higher than that in group A3 and A4 (P0.01), and there was no significant difference between A1 and A2 group (P0.05), and the carcass weight of A1 group was significantly higher than that of A2, A3 and A4 group (P0.01), and the slaughter rate was 39.17% + 0.50%, 36.62% + 0.78%, 34.81% + 0.25% and 33.97% + 0.56% respectively. The rate was significantly higher than that of A2, A3 and A4 (P0.01), but there was no significant difference between the groups of A3 and A4 (P0.05), and the area of eye muscle in A1, A2 and A3 groups was significantly higher than that of A4 group (0.01P0.05). Effect (P0.05); compared with group A1, the cooking loss of A2, A3 and A4 group was significantly higher (P0.01), and there was no significant difference between A3 and A4 group (P0.05), and the shear force of A1 and A2 group was significantly lower than that of A3 and other groups, and the difference was not significant between the groups of A1 and A4. The rate of water loss was 13.04% + 0.34%, 13.50% +, 13.94%, respectively, 13.94% The difference between each group was very significant (P0.01), and the water power of group Al was significantly higher than that of A2, A3 and A4 group (0.01P0.05). There was no significant difference between A3 and A4 groups between A2 and A3 groups (P0.05). (2) the water content of the muscles of each test group was similar, and the difference was not significant (P0.05), and the content of crude protein decreased significantly compared with those of the group. 0.05), A3 and A4 group significantly decreased (P0.01), among which A2 and A3 groups, A3 and A4 groups had no significant difference (P0.05), A1, A2, A3 and A4 groups were 1.57% + 0.09%, 1.30% + 0.10%, 1.12% + 0.04%, 1.08% + 0.04%. The content of 17 free amino acids and total amino acids in group A2 were higher than those of the other three groups, from large to small order, in group A3 of group A2, group A4, A1 group, of which 5 kinds of fresh amino acids, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, were significantly different between the treatment groups (0.01P0.05), and the content of total fresh amino acids in each treatment group was divided. A1 group 7.25g/100g + 0.39g/100g, A2 group 8.10g/100g + 0.71g/100g, A3 group 7.84g/100g + 0.51g/100g, A4 group 7.34g/100g + 0.31g/100g, the content of fatty acid in the longest muscle, the content of saturated fatty acid decreased with the decrease of the proportion of the diet concentrate, and slightly higher when the ratio of concentrate to coarse, and, on the contrary, the content of unsaturated fatty acids with the ratio of refined and coarse. In the A4 group, the changes in the content of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidic acid, twenty enoic acid and twenty-four alkanoic acid were significant (0.01P0.05), and the content of unsaturated fatty acids in group A1, A2, A3 and A4 was 46.75% + 0.88%, 52.27% + 1.33%, 57.08% + 2.20% and 51.26% + 1.47%. explained a certain range. The content of unsaturated fatty acids in mutton can be increased and the content of saturated fatty acids and tasty amino acids in the mutton can be increased by increasing the proportion of coarse food in the mutton, but the content of the unsaturated fatty acids in the mutton is reduced by the low ratio of fine and coarse,.4. with the decrease of the proportion of the diet concentrate, the serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density in the serum The content of lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood also decreased, and the A4 group was the lowest. A1, A2, A3, A4 group were 3.31mmmol/L + 0.27 mmol/L, 2.37 mmol/L + 0.37 mmol/L, 2.08 mmol/L + 0.44 mmol/L, 1.83 mmol/L 0.33. 05) the total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly different between the treatment groups (P0.01), and the low density lipoprotein cholesterol in A1 and A2 groups was significantly higher than that in the A3 and A4 group (P0.01), and the difference between the A3 and A4 groups was not significant (P0.05). For VFA, the ratio of acetic acid / propionic acid decreased with the increase of the ration of grain to the grain, from low to high. Group A1 was 0.82 + 0.04, group A2 was 0.92 + 0.05, group A3 was 1.80 + 0.25, group A4 was 2.07 + 0.48, A1 group was significantly lower than A3 and A4 group (P0.01), A2 group was significantly lower than A3 and A4 group (0.01P0.05), and serum acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid concentration increased with the increase of concentrate ratio. The transcriptional expression level of the P0.01.5.FAS (fatty acid synthase gene) and H-FABP (heart type fatty acid binding protein gene) gene in the liver tissue decreased with the decrease of the diet sperm ratio, and the relative expression of the.A1 group was the highest, and the A2 group was next to the A4 and A3 groups, and the H-FABP genes in A2, A4 and A3 groups compared with those of the A1 group. The level of expression decreased by 17.45%, 55.56% and 60.32%, respectively. For the expression level of FAS gene, A1 group was higher than A2, A4 and A3 group 20.72%, 44.09% and 47.25%.. In this experiment, the production performance and slaughter performance of big foot black goats could be increased obviously, and the fat deposition and meat quality were promoted.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S827.5
本文編號：2157496
[Abstract]:The experiment was designed with a random unit group test to study the effect of grain precision ratio on the production performance, slaughter performance, meat and fat deposition related gene expression of Dazu black goat. 32 3-5 month old healthy big foot black goats were selected and divided into 8 units according to the principle of body weight and the date of birth, and 4 sheep in each unit group. 4 treatment groups were randomly divided into 4 groups, which were fed on the diet of 59 days in the diet of 4:6 (A1), 3:7 (A2), 2:8 (A3) and 1:9 (A4). The production performance, slaughter performance, meat quality and blood fat metabolism of 4 kinds of diet fed Black Goats were measured, and the transcriptional expression of FAS and H-FABP genes was detected by Real-time PCR technology. The main results were as follows: 1. with the increase in the proportion of grain concentrate, the final weight and daily weight gain increased, and the end weight of the.A1 group was significantly higher than that of A2, A3 and A4 (P0.01), among which the difference between A3 and A4 groups was not significant (P0.05). For the daily gain, A1 to A4 groups were 126.27g/d + 10.73 g/d, 112.29 + 11.98, 81.14 /d + 9.43g/d, 73.30g/d + 9.14g/d, among which A1 and A2 groups were significantly higher than those of A3 and A4 group (P0.01), and the difference between A3 and A4 groups was significant (0.01P0.05). The live weight before slaughter was significantly higher than that in group A3 and A4 (P0.01), and there was no significant difference between A1 and A2 group (P0.05), and the carcass weight of A1 group was significantly higher than that of A2, A3 and A4 group (P0.01), and the slaughter rate was 39.17% + 0.50%, 36.62% + 0.78%, 34.81% + 0.25% and 33.97% + 0.56% respectively. The rate was significantly higher than that of A2, A3 and A4 (P0.01), but there was no significant difference between the groups of A3 and A4 (P0.05), and the area of eye muscle in A1, A2 and A3 groups was significantly higher than that of A4 group (0.01P0.05). Effect (P0.05); compared with group A1, the cooking loss of A2, A3 and A4 group was significantly higher (P0.01), and there was no significant difference between A3 and A4 group (P0.05), and the shear force of A1 and A2 group was significantly lower than that of A3 and other groups, and the difference was not significant between the groups of A1 and A4. The rate of water loss was 13.04% + 0.34%, 13.50% +, 13.94%, respectively, 13.94% The difference between each group was very significant (P0.01), and the water power of group Al was significantly higher than that of A2, A3 and A4 group (0.01P0.05). There was no significant difference between A3 and A4 groups between A2 and A3 groups (P0.05). (2) the water content of the muscles of each test group was similar, and the difference was not significant (P0.05), and the content of crude protein decreased significantly compared with those of the group. 0.05), A3 and A4 group significantly decreased (P0.01), among which A2 and A3 groups, A3 and A4 groups had no significant difference (P0.05), A1, A2, A3 and A4 groups were 1.57% + 0.09%, 1.30% + 0.10%, 1.12% + 0.04%, 1.08% + 0.04%. The content of 17 free amino acids and total amino acids in group A2 were higher than those of the other three groups, from large to small order, in group A3 of group A2, group A4, A1 group, of which 5 kinds of fresh amino acids, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, were significantly different between the treatment groups (0.01P0.05), and the content of total fresh amino acids in each treatment group was divided. A1 group 7.25g/100g + 0.39g/100g, A2 group 8.10g/100g + 0.71g/100g, A3 group 7.84g/100g + 0.51g/100g, A4 group 7.34g/100g + 0.31g/100g, the content of fatty acid in the longest muscle, the content of saturated fatty acid decreased with the decrease of the proportion of the diet concentrate, and slightly higher when the ratio of concentrate to coarse, and, on the contrary, the content of unsaturated fatty acids with the ratio of refined and coarse. In the A4 group, the changes in the content of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidic acid, twenty enoic acid and twenty-four alkanoic acid were significant (0.01P0.05), and the content of unsaturated fatty acids in group A1, A2, A3 and A4 was 46.75% + 0.88%, 52.27% + 1.33%, 57.08% + 2.20% and 51.26% + 1.47%. explained a certain range. The content of unsaturated fatty acids in mutton can be increased and the content of saturated fatty acids and tasty amino acids in the mutton can be increased by increasing the proportion of coarse food in the mutton, but the content of the unsaturated fatty acids in the mutton is reduced by the low ratio of fine and coarse,.4. with the decrease of the proportion of the diet concentrate, the serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density in the serum The content of lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood also decreased, and the A4 group was the lowest. A1, A2, A3, A4 group were 3.31mmmol/L + 0.27 mmol/L, 2.37 mmol/L + 0.37 mmol/L, 2.08 mmol/L + 0.44 mmol/L, 1.83 mmol/L 0.33. 05) the total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly different between the treatment groups (P0.01), and the low density lipoprotein cholesterol in A1 and A2 groups was significantly higher than that in the A3 and A4 group (P0.01), and the difference between the A3 and A4 groups was not significant (P0.05). For VFA, the ratio of acetic acid / propionic acid decreased with the increase of the ration of grain to the grain, from low to high. Group A1 was 0.82 + 0.04, group A2 was 0.92 + 0.05, group A3 was 1.80 + 0.25, group A4 was 2.07 + 0.48, A1 group was significantly lower than A3 and A4 group (P0.01), A2 group was significantly lower than A3 and A4 group (0.01P0.05), and serum acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid concentration increased with the increase of concentrate ratio. The transcriptional expression level of the P0.01.5.FAS (fatty acid synthase gene) and H-FABP (heart type fatty acid binding protein gene) gene in the liver tissue decreased with the decrease of the diet sperm ratio, and the relative expression of the.A1 group was the highest, and the A2 group was next to the A4 and A3 groups, and the H-FABP genes in A2, A4 and A3 groups compared with those of the A1 group. The level of expression decreased by 17.45%, 55.56% and 60.32%, respectively. For the expression level of FAS gene, A1 group was higher than A2, A4 and A3 group 20.72%, 44.09% and 47.25%.. In this experiment, the production performance and slaughter performance of big foot black goats could be increased obviously, and the fat deposition and meat quality were promoted.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S827.5
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