【摘要】：水牛具有耐粗飼、耐濕熱、抗病力強(qiáng)的特性,應(yīng)用粗飼料可生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)的奶和肉畜產(chǎn)品。湖北是油菜產(chǎn)量最大的省份,隨著產(chǎn)量增多,特別在豐收年份,價(jià)格下降,致使農(nóng)民“豐產(chǎn)不豐收”。為了提高農(nóng)民收入,農(nóng)業(yè)部號(hào)召各省進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)改革,即“糧改飼”、“油改飼”。為了充分利用當(dāng)?shù)刭Y源,開(kāi)發(fā)水牛粗飼料資源,推進(jìn)“油改飼”進(jìn)程,本研究將收割后的全株油菜進(jìn)行窖貯保存,通過(guò)瘤胃代謝實(shí)驗(yàn)、飼養(yǎng)試驗(yàn),對(duì)油菜進(jìn)行飼料化利用處理,探索晾曬天數(shù)對(duì)油菜水分及營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的影響,探討全株油菜青貯的保存效果及其營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值和飼用價(jià)值,為設(shè)計(jì)油菜保存和利用方法提供實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)果如下:1.油菜收割后晾曬天數(shù)對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分的影響根據(jù)湖北氣候特點(diǎn),在氣溫15~27℃條件下,選擇連續(xù)5日均為晴天的時(shí)期,采用幾何法從五個(gè)點(diǎn)割倒油菜,分別晾曬1d、2d、3d和4d,分析日曬天數(shù)對(duì)油菜營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的影響,為全株油菜適時(shí)青貯提供技術(shù)依據(jù)。結(jié)果表明:(1)田間收割晾曬2d,水分降至74.69%,符合青貯油菜對(duì)水分的要求。(2)油菜刈割后晾曬1~4天,粗蛋白(CP)含量降低,但降低程度與晾曬天數(shù)無(wú)關(guān);粗脂肪(EE)有升高的趨勢(shì);粗纖維(CF)有降低趨勢(shì),其中中性洗滌纖維(NDF)降低明顯,酸性洗滌纖維(ADF)變化不大。2.全株油菜高水分窖貯的保存效果及窖貯時(shí)間對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)瘤胃降解的影響在含水量為85%的60噸油菜中添加4噸干稻草,然后窖貯30d、45d、60d、75d和90d后,五點(diǎn)采樣,進(jìn)行感官評(píng)定、營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值評(píng)定和瘤胃消化實(shí)驗(yàn),確定混合青貯的適宜開(kāi)窖時(shí)間。(1)感觀(guān)評(píng)定結(jié)果表明:窖貯30~60d的油菜,pH值維持在3.8~4.2,色澤呈亮黃色,與原料色澤相近,氣味酸香,質(zhì)地松軟不黏手。(2)營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分測(cè)定結(jié)果表明:窖貯45d的油菜,粗蛋白(CP)含量最高,占干物質(zhì)的13.2%,比青貯前(0d)提高31.6%;粗脂肪有升高趨勢(shì);粗纖維變化不明顯;其中酸性洗滌纖維(ADF)變化差異不大,中性洗滌纖維(NDF)有升高趨勢(shì)。(3)瘤胃降解試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:窖貯30d的油菜,干物質(zhì)(DM)、粗纖維(CF)瘤胃降解率最高;粗蛋白變化不明顯;窖貯90d的油菜,粗脂肪(EE)瘤胃降解率最高。綜合評(píng)定各項(xiàng)指標(biāo),認(rèn)為全株油菜高水分青貯應(yīng)在30~60d間進(jìn)行開(kāi)窖飼喂,營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值及消化率最高。3.全株青貯油菜飼喂泌乳水牛及其對(duì)采食量、日產(chǎn)奶量、鮮乳成分的影響選擇胎次、產(chǎn)奶量、泌乳期基本一致、體質(zhì)健康的泌乳水牛28頭,按照配對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)分組,每組7頭。TMR日糧中分別添加10%、20%、30%(以干物質(zhì)計(jì)算)的青貯油菜,進(jìn)行60d的飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明:TMR日糧中添加10%的青貯油菜能發(fā)揮水牛最大的生產(chǎn)性能。
[Abstract]:Buffalo has the characteristics of high tolerance to coarse feed, moisture and heat, and strong disease resistance. The high quality milk and meat and animal products can be produced by the use of roughage. Hubei is the most productive province of rapeseed. With the increase of yield, especially in the year of harvest, the price of rape drops, which results in farmers'"high yield and no good harvest". In order to improve farmers' income, the Ministry of Agriculture called on the provinces to reform the supply-side structure of agriculture, that is, "changing grain to feed" and "oil to feed". In order to make full use of local resources, develop the crude feed resources of buffalo, and promote the process of "oil conversion", the whole rape after harvest was stored in cellar and treated by rumen metabolism experiment and feeding experiment. To explore the effect of drying days on the moisture and nutrients of rapeseed, and to explore the conservation effect, nutritional value and feeding value of whole rape silage, and to provide experimental basis for designing the method of rape preservation and utilization. The main contents and results are as follows: 1. Effects of days of drying on nutrients of rape after harvest according to the climatic characteristics of Hubei Province, under the condition of 1527 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2154442