【摘要】：本研究以大針茅+羊草(Ass. Stipa grandis+Leymus chinensis)草地類型為研究對象,在2014年7月末至8月初,對割草場和放牧場兩種草地利用方式下的植物群落組成、數量特征,多樣性以及土壤養(yǎng)分進行了研究,目的是比較兩種草地利用方式的差異,為草地資源的合理利用提供基礎數據。主要研究結果如下。1放牧對植物群落地上現(xiàn)存量(P0.05)和高度(P0.01)產生了顯著的影響,而對植物群落密度和蓋度沒有顯著性影響(P0.05)；在不同利用方式下,植物群落組成在數量上沒多大差異,割草場為22科、45屬、60種,放牧場為20科、46屬、62種,但在放牧場一些物種被一年生中生雜類草或旱生雜類草所代替。2放牧有利于糙隱子草、苔草和星毛委陵菜的生長,其重要值顯著高于割草場(P0.05),但放牧不利于麻花頭、雙齒蔥和豬毛蒿的生長,其重要值顯著低于割草場(P0.05)；糙隱子草的地上現(xiàn)存量與密度、羊草的高度、麻花頭的高度與地上現(xiàn)存量在不同利用方式下存在顯著性差異(P0.05)3兩種草地利用方式對于Shannon-Wiener指數、Simposon指數和Alatalo均勻度指數無明顯的影響(P0.05),但對于Margalef和Patrick豐富度指數有顯著影響(P0.05),放牧場的Pielou均勻度指數顯著高于割草場(P0.05)。4放牧和刈割都會對草地土壤養(yǎng)分特性產生不同程度的影響。在0—5cm土層里割草場的有機質含量顯著高于放牧場(P0.05)；土壤全氮和全碳在030cm各土層中含量在兩種利用方式草地中無明顯的差距,而速效氮在0—5cm土層,放牧場的含量顯著高于割草場(P0.05),高出10.27 mg/kg；在0—5cm與5—10cm土層中,放牧場的速效鉀含量顯著高于割草場(P0.05),但速效磷含量在兩種利用方式下無顯著性差異(P0.05)。在20—30cm土層中的pH值,放牧場的顯著高于割草場的pH值(P0.05)。5除了多年生禾草以外,多年生雜類草、一、二年生草本與小半灌木的地上現(xiàn)存量在兩種草地利用下均差異顯著(P0.05)；群落地上現(xiàn)存量和密度都與土壤全氮、速效磷、含水量呈現(xiàn)顯著正相關；群落蓋度與全氮、全碳和速效磷之間有顯著正相關關系。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Assenia chinensis (Thunb.) From the end of July to the beginning of August 2014, the composition, quantitative characteristics, diversity and soil nutrients of plant communities in grass mowing field and grazing pasture were studied. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences between the two types of grassland utilization and to provide basic data for the rational utilization of grassland resources. The main results are as follows: 1 grazing had a significant effect on the aboveground standing stock (P0.05) and height (P0.01) of the plant community, but had no significant effect on the plant community density and coverage (P0.05). There was no significant difference in the composition of plant communities. There were 60 species in mowing field (22 families, 45 genera) and 62 species in grazing field (20 families, 46 genera, 62 species). However, some species were replaced by annual mesophytes or xerophytic hybrids. The important value of the growth of Carex and Potentilla chinensis was significantly higher than that of the mowing field (P0.05), but the grazing was not conducive to the growth of Sesame head, Allium bicolor and Artemisia pigeonii, and its important value was significantly lower than that of the mowing field (P0.05), and the standing stock and density of the grass on the ground were significantly lower than those in the grass field (P0.05). The height of Leymus chinensis, There was significant difference between the height of Ramie flower head and the aboveground standing stock under different utilization patterns (P0.05). There were no significant effects on Shannon-Wiener index and Alatalo evenness index between three grassland use patterns (P0.05), but there were significant differences in Margalef and Patrick richness index. The Pielou evenness index of pasture was significantly higher than that of mowing field (P0.05). Both grazing and mowing had different effects on soil nutrient characteristics. The content of organic matter in grass mowing field in 0-5cm soil layer was significantly higher than that in pasture (P0.05), and there was no significant difference between soil total nitrogen and total carbon content in 030cm soil layer in two kinds of utilization mode grassland, but the available nitrogen content in 0-5cm soil layer. In the soil layer of 0-5cm and 5-10cm, the content of available potassium in pasture was significantly higher than that in mowing field (P0.05), but there was no significant difference in the content of available phosphorus between the two ways of utilization (P0.05). The pH value in 20-30cm soil layer was significantly higher in pastures than that in mowing fields (P0.05). 5 except perennial grasses, there were significant differences in the aboveground standing stock of first, biennial herbaceous and small semi-shrubs between the two grasslands (P0.05). The aboveground standing stock and density were positively correlated with soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus and water content, and community coverage was positively correlated with total nitrogen, total carbon and available phosphorus.
【學位授予單位】：內蒙古農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S812

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