【摘要】：本文旨在研究馬鈴薯莖葉青貯料的制作及其對(duì)體外發(fā)酵特性的影響。共包括2個(gè)試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)1:添加米糠和玉米對(duì)馬鈴薯莖葉青貯特性和發(fā)酵品質(zhì)的影響。試驗(yàn)采用單因子完全隨機(jī)設(shè)計(jì),分別為馬鈴薯莖葉單獨(dú)青貯、85%馬鈴薯莖葉+15%米糠青貯、82%馬鈴薯莖葉+15%米糠+3%玉米青貯、80%馬鈴薯莖葉+15%米糠+5%玉米青貯、78%馬鈴薯莖葉+15%米糠+7%玉米青貯,共構(gòu)成5個(gè)處理組,每個(gè)處理6個(gè)重復(fù)。用真空包裝機(jī)按比例將青貯原料裝入食品包裝袋。避光保存于室內(nèi),青貯45 d。與馬鈴薯莖葉相比,米糠和玉米有較高的干物質(zhì)(DM)和水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量以及較低的緩沖能值(BC)。隨著米糠和玉米添加比例的增加,混合后原料的BC逐漸降低,DM和WSC逐漸升高。馬鈴薯莖葉單獨(dú)青貯的品質(zhì)最差,pH、氨氮(NH3-N)、乙酸(AA)、丁酸(BA)和乳酸/乙酸(LA/AA)最高,p H高達(dá)7.07,感官評(píng)分、乳酸(LA)含量最低。添加米糠后,顯著提高了青貯品質(zhì),其pH、NH3-N、AA、BA和LA/AA顯著下降,感官評(píng)分和LA顯著提高。在米糠基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步添加玉米使青貯品質(zhì)得到進(jìn)一步提高。但三個(gè)玉米添加組之間在多數(shù)指標(biāo)沒有顯著差異(P0.05)。僅LA含量在7%處理組顯著高于3%添加組,BA含量隨著玉米的添加顯著下降,在7%處理組沒有檢測(cè)到。與馬鈴薯莖葉單獨(dú)青貯組相比,添加米糠和玉米顯著提高了青貯料的干物質(zhì)(DM)、中性洗滌纖維(NDF)和酸性洗滌纖維(ADF)(P0.05),顯著降低了粗蛋白質(zhì)(CP)(P0.05)。試驗(yàn)2:用RUSITEC研究馬鈴薯莖葉青貯料對(duì)體外發(fā)酵特性的影響Rusitec系統(tǒng)的8個(gè)罐分為2個(gè)處理組,分別為處理T1(全株玉米青貯料組)和處理T2(馬鈴薯莖葉青貯料組),每個(gè)處理4個(gè)罐,即每個(gè)處理4個(gè)重復(fù)。T2組的瘤胃甲烷產(chǎn)量(CH4)顯著低于T1組(P0.05),低50%,總產(chǎn)氣量也是同樣的變化趨勢(shì),雖然無顯著差異(P=0.085)。投料后6、9和12 h的pH、全期乙酸、乙/丙(A/P)在T2組顯著低于T1組(P0.05);全期丁酸和總酸(TA)在T2組顯著高于全株玉米青貯料組(P0.05)。T2組總氮(TN)、氨氮(NH3-N)和微生物蛋白氮含量顯著高于T1組(P0.05)。青貯料對(duì)各養(yǎng)分的降解率沒有影響(P0.05)。綜合而言,新鮮馬鈴薯莖葉單獨(dú)青貯不易成功,通過添加米糠和玉米能夠顯著提高青貯料品質(zhì)且以添加15%米糠+5%玉米青貯料品質(zhì)最好。馬鈴薯莖葉青貯料較全株玉米青貯料降低了乙酸含量、乙/丙和甲烷產(chǎn)量,增加了丁酸、總酸、總氮、NH3-N和微生物氮含量,從而更有利于能量利用和減少甲烷對(duì)環(huán)境的污染。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study the preparation of potato stalk and leaf silage and its effect on in vitro fermentation. A total of 2 experiments were included. Experiment 1: effects of rice bran and corn on the silage characteristics and fermentation quality of potato stem and leaf. The experiment was conducted with a single factor complete random design. Potato stem and leaf separately silage 85% potato stem leaf 15% rice bran silage 82% potato stem leaf 15% rice bran 3% corn silage 80% potato stem leaf 15% rice bran 5% corn silage 78% potato stem leaf 15% rice bran 7% corn silage. A total of 5 treatment groups, each treatment 6 duplicates. The silage material is packed into the food packaging bag in proportion to the vacuum packaging machine. Sheltered in the room, silage 45 days. Compared with potato stem and leaf, rice bran and corn had higher dry matter (DM), water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content and lower buffer energy value (BC). With the increase of the proportion of rice bran and corn, the BC of mixed raw material decreased gradually, DM and WSC increased gradually. The quality of potato stem and leaf silage alone was the worst pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), (AA), butyric acid (BA) and lactic acid / acetic acid (LA-AA) were the highest, the sensory score and the content of lactic acid (LA) were the lowest. When rice bran was added, the silage quality was significantly improved, the pH value of NH3-Na-AABA and LA / AA decreased significantly, the sensory score and LA increased significantly. The silage quality was further improved by adding corn on the basis of rice bran. However, there was no significant difference among the three maize supplementation groups in most indexes (P0.05). Only the content of LA in 7% treatment group was significantly higher than that in 3% addition group, but the content of BA decreased significantly with maize addition, but not in 7% treatment group. The dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of the silage were significantly increased by adding rice bran and corn (P0.05), and the crude protein (CP) was significantly decreased (P0.05). Experiment 2: RUSITEC was used to study the effects of potato stalk and leaf silage on fermentation characteristics in vitro. Eight tanks of Rusitec system were divided into two treatment groups, treatment T1 (whole corn silage group) and T2 (potato stem leaf silage group), each of which was treated with 4 tanks. The methane production (Ch _ 4) of each treatment group was significantly lower than that of T1 group (P0.05), and the total gas production was the same trend, although there was no significant difference (P0. 085). At the pH of 6 h and 12 h after feeding, the contents of acetic acid, ethyl / c (A / P) in T2 group were significantly lower than those in T1 group (P0.05), and the contents of total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and microbial protein nitrogen (NH3-N) in T2 group were significantly higher than those in T1 group (P0.05), while the total butyric acid (TA) and total acid (TA) in T2 group were significantly higher than those in the whole plant corn silage group (P0.05). The silage had no effect on the degradation rate of each nutrient (P0.05). In general, the silage of fresh potato stems and leaves was not easy to succeed. The silage quality could be improved significantly by adding rice bran and corn, and the best quality was obtained by adding 15% rice bran and 5% corn silage. Compared with the whole plant corn silage, potato stalk and leaf silage reduced acetic acid content, ethylene / c ratio and methane yield, increased butyric acid, total nitrogen, NH _ 3-N and microbial nitrogen content, which was more beneficial to energy utilization and reduction of methane pollution to the environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S816.53

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本文編號(hào)：2131965