武功山草甸土壤微生物學(xué)特性的變異及影響因素
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-15 20:14
【摘要】：草甸是分布廣泛的陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類型之一,對(duì)全球變化極為敏感。江西武功山草甸是亞熱帶山地草甸的典型代表,在華東植被垂直帶譜中具有典型性和特殊性。本研究以探討武功山山地草甸生態(tài)系統(tǒng)不同海拔高度及退化程度土壤微生物學(xué)特性為初始目的和切入點(diǎn),深入分析基于海拔高度及草甸退化程度等外部因子所構(gòu)建的土壤微生物學(xué)特性變異規(guī)律,對(duì)土壤微生物學(xué)特性產(chǎn)生影響的內(nèi)部環(huán)境因子進(jìn)行綜合研究,包括土壤酶活性、土壤理化性質(zhì)等變異特征,探討土壤環(huán)境因子與微生物學(xué)特征因子之間的關(guān)聯(lián)特性,以此為基礎(chǔ)對(duì)山地草甸土壤綜合質(zhì)量變異特征進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),并對(duì)山地草甸植被生物量變異特征進(jìn)行研究,也對(duì)生物量與土壤生物學(xué)特性、理化特性、酶活性的互作效應(yīng)進(jìn)行闡述,從多角度來(lái)闡述山地草甸土壤微生物學(xué)特性的變異及其影響因素。為開(kāi)展退化山地草甸生態(tài)修復(fù)工作及開(kāi)展區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展工作提供理論指導(dǎo),同時(shí),可以為亞熱帶山地草甸生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的管理提供參考依據(jù)。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)研究區(qū)的細(xì)菌有42個(gè)門,110個(gè)綱,165個(gè)目,189個(gè)科,200個(gè)屬;優(yōu)勢(shì)細(xì)菌門為酸桿菌門(Acidobacteria)、變形菌門(Proteobacteria)和泉古菌門(Crenarchaeota);真菌有123個(gè)門,238個(gè)綱,259個(gè)目,302個(gè)科,359個(gè)屬。優(yōu)勢(shì)真菌門為擔(dān)子菌門(Basidiomycota)、子囊菌門(Ascomycota)、球囊菌門(Glomeromycota)。在不同海拔范圍,土壤微生物分布的變異特征主要來(lái)自于高海拔區(qū)域的1900 m或1800 mm范圍,而不同退化程度山地草甸土壤微生物分布變異特征主要來(lái)源于重度草甸退化區(qū)域。(2)武功山不同海拔高度及不同退化程度草甸土壤水源涵養(yǎng)功能存在變異。在不同海拔高度水源涵養(yǎng)能力表現(xiàn)為1600 m1800 m 1700 m1900 m。隨草甸退化程度的增強(qiáng),土壤的水源涵養(yǎng)能力減弱,其變異性表現(xiàn)為未退化 輕度退化 中度退化重度退化。土壤滲透性在1600 m-1800m范圍,隨著海拔升高土壤滲透性逐漸降低,而在高海拔的1900 m范圍又滲透性提高。隨著草甸退化的增強(qiáng),土壤滲透性逐漸降低。通用經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ湍芨玫臄M合本研究區(qū)的土壤滲透過(guò)程。土壤pH變異特征表現(xiàn)為隨海拔升高而增加,隨草甸退化程度的增加,pH值減小;土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)在不同海拔及退化草甸區(qū)域的變異性不顯著;土壤全鉀含量隨海拔升高而增加,全磷和速效磷含量隨草甸退化程度的增加而增加;速效硫含量隨海拔升高而減小,隨草甸退化程度的增強(qiáng)而增加;速效錳含量隨海拔升高和草甸退化程度的增強(qiáng)而呈減少的變異趨勢(shì)。(3) 土壤容重、平均入滲率、pH、全鉀、速效氮、速效磷、蔗糖酶是影響武功山山地草甸土壤微生物學(xué)特性變異的關(guān)鍵環(huán)境因子。土壤平均滲透率、pH、速效氮、速效磷、真菌OTUs數(shù)量等5個(gè)指標(biāo),可以作為評(píng)價(jià)武功山不同旅游干擾程度草甸土壤質(zhì)量綜合指數(shù)(SQI)的最小數(shù)據(jù)集(MDS),其中,土壤平均滲透率、pH是進(jìn)行土壤質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)的核心因子。不同海拔高度山地草甸土壤質(zhì)量綜合表現(xiàn)為1600 m1700 m1900m1800 m,土壤質(zhì)量指數(shù)分別為0.705、0.683、0.539、0.612 ;不同草甸退化程度山地草甸土壤質(zhì)量綜合表現(xiàn)為CKLDMDSD, 土壤質(zhì)量指數(shù)分別為0.612、0.493、0.448、0.416。(4)隨著海拔升高和草甸退化程度的加重,草甸單位面積生物量總體呈減少趨勢(shì)。細(xì)菌多樣性指數(shù)與葉生物量有顯著的正相關(guān)性,而細(xì)菌OUTs數(shù)量則與葉生物量比和根生物量比分別正負(fù)相關(guān),藍(lán)細(xì)菌門、廣古菌門、硝化螺旋菌門與葉生物量則成一定的負(fù)相關(guān)性。球囊菌門與植被總生物量正相關(guān),壺菌門與葉生物量負(fù)相關(guān)。土壤過(guò)氧化氫酶與植被根生物量及總生物量均呈正相關(guān)性,而蔗糖酶與葉生物量有負(fù)相關(guān)性。土壤全鉀、速效磷與植被葉生物量負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Meadow, one of the widely distributed terrestrial ecosystem types, is extremely sensitive to global change. The meadow of Wugong Mountain, Jiangxi is a typical representative of the subtropical mountain meadow, and is typical and special in the vertical band spectrum of the vegetation in East China. This study is to discuss the soil meadow of the meadow ecological system in Wugong Mountain mountains at different altitudes and degradation degrees. The characteristics of physicology are the initial purpose and the breakthrough point. The variation of soil microbiological characteristics based on the altitude and the degree of meadow degradation is deeply analyzed, and the internal environmental factors that affect the soil microbiological characteristics are studied comprehensively, including the soil enzyme activity, the soil physical and chemical properties and so on. The relationship between the soil environmental factors and the microbiological characteristic factors is based on the evaluation of the variation characteristics of the soil comprehensive quality in the meadow, and the variation characteristics of the vegetation biomass in the meadow, and the interaction effect of the biomass and soil biological characteristics, the physicochemical properties and the enzyme activity. The variation and influencing factors of the soil microbiological characteristics of the meadow in the mountain meadow were expounded. The theoretical guidance for the ecological restoration and regional sustainable development of the degraded alpine meadow was provided. At the same time, it could provide a reference for the management of the subtropical meadow ecosystem. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) there are 42 bacteria in the study area. Doors, 110 classes, 165 orders, 189 families and 200 genera; dominant bacteria gates are Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria and Crenarchaeota; fungi have 123 doors, 238 classes, 259 orders, 302 families, 359 genera. The dominant fungi gate is basidiomycetes (Basidiomycota), Ascomycota, and balloon (Glomero). Mycota). At different altitudes, the variation characteristics of soil microbial distribution mainly come from 1900 m or 1800 mm in high altitude regions, and the distribution and variation of soil microbes in Different Degraded Mountain Meadows mainly originate in the severe meadow degraded areas. (2) Wugong Mountain is different from altitude and different degraded meadow soil water sources. The water conservation ability at different altitudes is 1600 M1800 m 1700 m1900 M. with the increase of Meadow Degradation, the water conservation ability of soil is weakened, and the variability of the soil water conservation ability is not degraded mild and moderate degeneration and severe degradation. Soil permeability is in the range of 1600 m-1800m, and the soil permeability increases with elevation. Permeability gradually decreased, and permeability increased at 1900 m range in high altitude. With the increase of Meadow Degradation, soil permeability decreased gradually. The general experience model could better fit the soil infiltration process in this study area. The characteristics of pH variation in soil increased with the elevation of altitude, with the increase of the degree of Meadow Degradation, the decrease of pH value; The variation of organic matter in different altitudes and degraded meadow areas was not significant; the total potassium content of soil increased with the elevation of altitude. The content of total phosphorus and available phosphorus increased with the increase of Meadow Degradation; the content of quick acting sulfur decreased with the elevation of altitude, increased with the degree of meadow degradation; the content of available manganese increased with the elevation of the altitude and the meadow degradation. (3) soil bulk density, average infiltration rate, pH, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and invertase are the key environmental factors affecting the variation of soil microbiological characteristics in Wugong Mountain mountain meadow. The average soil permeability, pH, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and the number of fungi OTUs can be used as the evaluation of Wugong Mountain. The minimum data set (MDS) of the soil mass index (SQI) of the meadow soil mass index (SQI) of different degree of tourism disturbance, among which the soil average permeability, and the core factor of soil quality evaluation, the soil quality of the meadow at different altitudes is 1600 m1700 m1900m1800 m, the soil quality index is 0.705,0.683,0.539,0.612, and the different grass is different. The soil quality of the meadow meadow was CKLDMDSD, and the soil mass index was 0.612,0.493,0.448,0.416. (4), respectively, with the increase of altitude and the degree of Meadow Degradation, the biomass per unit area of meadow decreased. The bacterial diversity index had a significant positive correlation with the Ye Sheng biomass, while the number of bacteria OUTs was the same. There was a negative correlation between the leaf biomass ratio and the root biomass ratio. The cyanobacteria gate, the palaeobacteria door, the nitrification spiral gate and the leaf biomass were negatively correlated. The saccule doors were positively related to the total biomass of the vegetation, and the phylum phyllocultum was negatively correlated with the leaf biomass, and the soil catalase was positively correlated with the biomass and total biomass of the plant root. Invertase was negatively correlated with leaf biomass. Soil total potassium and available phosphorus were negatively correlated with biomass of vegetation leaves.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S812.2
[Abstract]:Meadow, one of the widely distributed terrestrial ecosystem types, is extremely sensitive to global change. The meadow of Wugong Mountain, Jiangxi is a typical representative of the subtropical mountain meadow, and is typical and special in the vertical band spectrum of the vegetation in East China. This study is to discuss the soil meadow of the meadow ecological system in Wugong Mountain mountains at different altitudes and degradation degrees. The characteristics of physicology are the initial purpose and the breakthrough point. The variation of soil microbiological characteristics based on the altitude and the degree of meadow degradation is deeply analyzed, and the internal environmental factors that affect the soil microbiological characteristics are studied comprehensively, including the soil enzyme activity, the soil physical and chemical properties and so on. The relationship between the soil environmental factors and the microbiological characteristic factors is based on the evaluation of the variation characteristics of the soil comprehensive quality in the meadow, and the variation characteristics of the vegetation biomass in the meadow, and the interaction effect of the biomass and soil biological characteristics, the physicochemical properties and the enzyme activity. The variation and influencing factors of the soil microbiological characteristics of the meadow in the mountain meadow were expounded. The theoretical guidance for the ecological restoration and regional sustainable development of the degraded alpine meadow was provided. At the same time, it could provide a reference for the management of the subtropical meadow ecosystem. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) there are 42 bacteria in the study area. Doors, 110 classes, 165 orders, 189 families and 200 genera; dominant bacteria gates are Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria and Crenarchaeota; fungi have 123 doors, 238 classes, 259 orders, 302 families, 359 genera. The dominant fungi gate is basidiomycetes (Basidiomycota), Ascomycota, and balloon (Glomero). Mycota). At different altitudes, the variation characteristics of soil microbial distribution mainly come from 1900 m or 1800 mm in high altitude regions, and the distribution and variation of soil microbes in Different Degraded Mountain Meadows mainly originate in the severe meadow degraded areas. (2) Wugong Mountain is different from altitude and different degraded meadow soil water sources. The water conservation ability at different altitudes is 1600 M1800 m 1700 m1900 M. with the increase of Meadow Degradation, the water conservation ability of soil is weakened, and the variability of the soil water conservation ability is not degraded mild and moderate degeneration and severe degradation. Soil permeability is in the range of 1600 m-1800m, and the soil permeability increases with elevation. Permeability gradually decreased, and permeability increased at 1900 m range in high altitude. With the increase of Meadow Degradation, soil permeability decreased gradually. The general experience model could better fit the soil infiltration process in this study area. The characteristics of pH variation in soil increased with the elevation of altitude, with the increase of the degree of Meadow Degradation, the decrease of pH value; The variation of organic matter in different altitudes and degraded meadow areas was not significant; the total potassium content of soil increased with the elevation of altitude. The content of total phosphorus and available phosphorus increased with the increase of Meadow Degradation; the content of quick acting sulfur decreased with the elevation of altitude, increased with the degree of meadow degradation; the content of available manganese increased with the elevation of the altitude and the meadow degradation. (3) soil bulk density, average infiltration rate, pH, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and invertase are the key environmental factors affecting the variation of soil microbiological characteristics in Wugong Mountain mountain meadow. The average soil permeability, pH, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and the number of fungi OTUs can be used as the evaluation of Wugong Mountain. The minimum data set (MDS) of the soil mass index (SQI) of the meadow soil mass index (SQI) of different degree of tourism disturbance, among which the soil average permeability, and the core factor of soil quality evaluation, the soil quality of the meadow at different altitudes is 1600 m1700 m1900m1800 m, the soil quality index is 0.705,0.683,0.539,0.612, and the different grass is different. The soil quality of the meadow meadow was CKLDMDSD, and the soil mass index was 0.612,0.493,0.448,0.416. (4), respectively, with the increase of altitude and the degree of Meadow Degradation, the biomass per unit area of meadow decreased. The bacterial diversity index had a significant positive correlation with the Ye Sheng biomass, while the number of bacteria OUTs was the same. There was a negative correlation between the leaf biomass ratio and the root biomass ratio. The cyanobacteria gate, the palaeobacteria door, the nitrification spiral gate and the leaf biomass were negatively correlated. The saccule doors were positively related to the total biomass of the vegetation, and the phylum phyllocultum was negatively correlated with the leaf biomass, and the soil catalase was positively correlated with the biomass and total biomass of the plant root. Invertase was negatively correlated with leaf biomass. Soil total potassium and available phosphorus were negatively correlated with biomass of vegetation leaves.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S812.2
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