本文選題：草地植被退化 + 人文因素��； 參考：《中國草地學(xué)報(bào)》2017年03期

【摘要】：基于瑪曲草地遙感數(shù)據(jù)和牧民草場數(shù)據(jù),定量分析了草地退化的時(shí)空分布以及與不同人文因素的關(guān)系,結(jié)果顯示:(1)瑪曲草地退化的主要類型是草地質(zhì)量退化,從2008年開始,植被退化的空間分布主要由北部的高海拔地區(qū)逐漸向東南部的低海拔地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移;(2)瑪曲草地退化與聯(lián)戶比例、養(yǎng)羊比容和家庭草場面積呈負(fù)相關(guān),而與人口密度和牲畜密度呈正相關(guān);(3)隨著家庭勞動(dòng)力負(fù)擔(dān)系數(shù)的增加,草場植被蓋度和可食牧草的比例呈倒"U"型分布;隨著牧戶放牧強(qiáng)度的減弱,植被蓋度和可食牧草的比例(除豆科外)呈緩慢增長的趨勢;隨著聯(lián)戶規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大,植被蓋度和可食牧草的比例呈倒"U"型的分布;隨著聯(lián)戶規(guī)模的增加,草場鼠洞數(shù)量呈"U"型分布,但隨著牧戶放牧強(qiáng)度的減弱,草場鼠洞數(shù)量逐漸減少;盡管聯(lián)戶經(jīng)營可以緩解草場退化,但也存在使單個(gè)牧民采取超載放牧的動(dòng)機(jī),政府通過實(shí)施一定的生態(tài)補(bǔ)償政策和加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管力度可以轉(zhuǎn)變牧戶自身的博弈策略,最終達(dá)到一種最優(yōu)策略的新型"納什均衡"。
[Abstract]:Based on the remote sensing data of Maqu grassland and herdsmen grassland data, the spatial and temporal distribution of grassland degradation and its relationship with different human factors were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the main type of grassland degradation in Maqu grassland was grassland quality degradation, which began in 2008. The spatial distribution of vegetation degradation was mainly transferred from the high altitude area in the north to the low elevation area in the southeast. (2) the proportion of the degradation of Maqu grassland to the joint household, the specific capacity of sheep and the area of the family pasture were negatively correlated. But it was positively correlated with population density and livestock density. (3) with the increase of household labor burden coefficient, the vegetation coverage and the proportion of edible forage grass were inversely "U" type distribution, and with the decrease of grazing intensity, The vegetation coverage and the proportion of edible forage grass (except legumes) increased slowly; with the expansion of household size, the ratio of vegetation coverage and edible forage showed an inverted "U" type distribution; with the increase of household size, the proportion of vegetation coverage and edible forage grass showed an inverted "U" type distribution. The number of rodent caverns in grassland is "U" type, but with the decrease of grazing intensity, the number of rodent caverns decreases gradually. Although joint household management can alleviate the degradation of pasture, there is also a motive for individual herdsmen to adopt overloading grazing. By implementing certain ecological compensation policy and strengthening supervision, the government can change the game strategy of herdsmen themselves, and finally achieve a new "Nash equilibrium" of the optimal strategy.
【作者單位】： 蘭州大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院/社區(qū)與生物多樣性保護(hù)研究中心;
【基金】：公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)經(jīng)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目“青藏高原社區(qū)天然草場草地保護(hù)與合理利用技術(shù)研究與示范”(20120300610) 甘肅省沙化土地封禁保護(hù)補(bǔ)助試點(diǎn)區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益監(jiān)測與評估項(xiàng)目(406/071200006) 中央高�；究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)專項(xiàng)資金(15LZUJBEYJ015)
【分類號】：S812.6

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