本文選題：馬胃蠅 + 普氏野馬��； 參考：《北京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：馬胃蠅蛆病在中國馬科動物,尤其是瀕危物種普氏野馬群體中廣泛流行。本研究分別對蒙新區(qū)的新疆卡拉麥里保護區(qū)普氏野馬、內(nèi)蒙古多倫縣當?shù)丶荫R以及青藏區(qū)的青海省瑪多縣當?shù)丶荫R進行驅(qū)蟲,通過對馬胃蠅數(shù)量、種類的調(diào)查分析,研究上述三個地區(qū)的草原、荒漠草原和高原高寒草原馬胃蠅蛆病發(fā)生情況、區(qū)系組成,結(jié)果表明：馬胃蠅蛆病發(fā)生普遍,且感染程度有明顯的地域性——蒙新區(qū)重于青藏區(qū)；蒙新區(qū)的馬胃蠅種類較青藏區(qū)豐富；馬胃蠅多樣性受宿主所在環(huán)境條件影響,黑腹胃蠅具有成功適應(yīng)嚴酷生境的生存方式。在新疆卡拉麥里地區(qū),黑腹胃蠅為當?shù)貎?yōu)勢種。本文利用線粒體COI基因?qū)υ摰貐^(qū)感染同域馬科動物的黑腹胃蠅、鼻胃蠅和黑角胃蠅進行種群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)研究,結(jié)果表明：感染同一宿主個體的三種馬胃蠅均分別來自多個母本；三種馬胃蠅在不同種宿主間均未形成遺傳分化,且普氏野馬每年重復(fù)感染的黑腹胃蠅主要源自同域野驢,感染的鼻胃蠅和黑角胃蠅主要由家馬所致；三種馬胃蠅群體內(nèi)部均呈現(xiàn)一定程度的遺傳分化,黑腹胃蠅較之鼻胃蠅和黑角胃蠅在種群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)上的區(qū)別很可能是其獨特的產(chǎn)卵方式在種群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)上的反映。
[Abstract]:Equine gastric myiasis is widespread in Chinese equine, especially in the endangered species of Primbus Mustang. In this study, Pushi Mustang, Xinjiang Kalamaili Reserve, Inner Mongolia Duolun County, and Qinghai Province Maduo County, Qinghai-Xizang District, were treated with insect repellent, and the number and species of horse stomach flies were investigated and analyzed. The occurrence and floristic composition of horse gastric myiasis in steppe, desert steppe and plateau alpine steppe were studied. The results showed that the occurrence of equine gastric myiasis was common, and the infection degree of horse stomach myiasis was more serious than that of Qinghai-Xizang region. The species of Musca equi in Mengxin area is more abundant than that in Qinghai-Xizang region, and the diversity of the flies is affected by the host environment, and the melanogaster has a way of living successfully to adapt to the harsh habitat. In Karamaili area, Xinjiang, the black stomach fly is the dominant species. In this paper, the genetic structure of three species of horse stomach flies infected with the same host in this area were studied by mitochondrial COI gene. The results showed that the three species of horse stomach flies infected with the same host were from multiple female parents. There was no genetic differentiation among different hosts of the three species of gastric flies, and the black stomach flies which were repeatedly infected by wild horses were mainly caused by wild donkeys, and the infestation of nasal stomach flies and black horned stomach flies were mainly caused by domestic horses. The difference of population genetic structure of the three species of Gastrozoa melanogaster is probably the reflection of its unique oviposition mode in the population genetic structure compared with that of the nasogastric fly and the Black-horned stomach fly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S858.21

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