本文選題：顆粒度 + 過瘤胃淀粉　； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本論文包括以下內(nèi)容:通過改變?nèi)占Z中羊草的長短,監(jiān)測干奶期奶牛瘤胃內(nèi)發(fā)酵情況,從而得到在生產(chǎn)中,飼喂奶牛時最適宜的羊草長度。進而固定日糧中最適宜羊草長度的同時,通過改變?nèi)占Z中壓片玉米的替換比例來改變瘤胃降解淀粉的比例,從而對日糧中奶牛瘤胃降解參數(shù)以及奶牛瘤胃內(nèi)p H值、VFA等指標的測定,確立適宜奶牛生產(chǎn)的淀粉添加比例。試驗一:改變?nèi)占Z羊草長短對奶牛瘤胃內(nèi)發(fā)酵情況的影響改變?nèi)占Z中羊草的物理長短,對奶牛瘤胃內(nèi)p H值變化情況以及揮發(fā)性脂肪酸(volatile fatty acids,VFA)產(chǎn)量的影響及其機理進行探討。選用4頭處于干奶期裝有永久性瘤胃瘺管的中國荷斯坦奶牛,采用4*4拉丁方的實驗設計,研究四個水平羊草的顆粒度大小(2cm、4cm、8cm和18cm)分四組對奶牛進行飼喂。試驗期為33d(天),其中前14d為預飼期,后12d為實驗期。結(jié)果表明,在飼料營養(yǎng)價值不變的情況下,只改變粗飼料中羊草的物理長短,羊草長度在2cm時,其單位時間內(nèi)瘤胃內(nèi)p H值幅度變化大,TVFA產(chǎn)量顯著高于4cm組、8cm組及18cm組(P0.01);羊草長度在18cm時,其單位時間內(nèi)瘤胃內(nèi)p H值幅度變化小與其他三組,瘤胃內(nèi)p H值維持在6.40±0.80的較高水平。飼喂后2小時(9:00-11:00)四組間瘤胃液p H值差異極顯著(P0.01),此時瘤胃液中乙酸含量2cm組顯著高于4cm、8cm和18cm三組(P0.05),同時乙酸/丙酸比值2cm組顯著高于4cm、8cm和18cm三組(P0.05)。由此可知,飼喂4種不同顆粒度羊草的日糧,不同時間點對瘤胃內(nèi)pH值變化影響顯著,瘤胃內(nèi)乙酸、丁酸產(chǎn)量受顆粒度變化影響顯著,其改變了瘤胃的發(fā)酵類型。干奶期奶牛日糧顆粒度過小或過大都會對奶牛產(chǎn)生一定不良影響。試驗二:改變?nèi)占Z中壓片玉米的添加比例對奶牛瘤胃內(nèi)酸度環(huán)境的影響在實驗一的基礎上,固定日糧中羊草長短,改變?nèi)占Z中壓片玉米添加比例,對奶牛瘤胃內(nèi)VFA產(chǎn)量及p H值變化情況進行監(jiān)測,選用試驗一中的實驗動物,采用4*4拉丁方的實驗設計,研究飼糧中添加四個水平的壓片玉米(0%,30%,60%,100%)對奶牛進行飼喂。試驗期為33d(天),其中前14d為預飼期,后12d為實驗期。結(jié)果表明,在S0組、S30組、S60組和S100組按0%、30%、60%和100%不同比例添加壓片玉米后,日糧中淀粉瘤胃有效降解率(%)依次為62.97、71.85、80.74和89.63,隨著日糧中瘤胃降解淀粉含量增高,瘤胃內(nèi)p H值幅度變化大,四組間差異顯著(P0.01);總揮發(fā)性脂肪酸產(chǎn)量(TVFA)、丙酸產(chǎn)量隨壓片玉米添加比例增高而顯著增加(P0.01),而乙酸丙酸比呈顯著降低(P0.01);單位時間內(nèi),瘤胃內(nèi)氨態(tài)氮產(chǎn)量隨日糧中壓片玉米比例升高而顯著上升(P0.01)。由此可得,飼喂添加不同比例壓片玉米的日糧,改變?nèi)占Z中瘤胃降解淀粉的比例,不同時間點對瘤胃內(nèi)p H值及氨態(tài)氮變化影響顯著,瘤胃內(nèi)丙酸、TVFA產(chǎn)量受添加壓片玉米比例變化影響顯著,其改變了瘤胃的發(fā)酵類型。干奶期奶牛日糧中添加壓片玉米對促進奶牛機體對日糧的吸收利用有積極的作用。綜上所述,本實驗得出以下結(jié)論:(1)改變?nèi)占Z顆粒度大小,對干奶期奶牛瘤胃內(nèi)酸度變化及瘤胃內(nèi)發(fā)酵類型有顯著影響,根據(jù)本研究中采食后12小時內(nèi)奶牛瘤胃內(nèi)酸度變化情況,羊草長度為8cm時,較適宜干奶期奶牛飼喂。(2)改變?nèi)占Z中壓片玉米的替換比例,對干奶期奶牛瘤胃酸度變化及瘤胃內(nèi)發(fā)酵類型有顯著影響,根據(jù)本研究中采食后12小時內(nèi)奶牛瘤胃內(nèi)酸度變化情況,建議干奶期奶牛飼喂替換30%壓片玉米于日糧中最優(yōu)。
[Abstract]:This paper includes the following contents: by changing the length of Leymus chinensis in the diet and monitoring the ruminal fermentation in the dry milk cows, the optimum length of Leymus chinensis in the production and feeding of cows is obtained, and then the most suitable length of Leymus chinensis is fixed in the diet, and the rumen degradation Lake is changed by changing the replacement ratio of the medium pressure slice corn. The ratio of powder was determined to determine the ruminal degradation parameters of dairy cows and the P H values and VFA in the rumen of dairy cows to determine the proportion of starch adding suitable for dairy production. Experiment 1: the change of the effect of the growth of the Rumen on the rumen fermentation in dairy cows changed the physical length of Leymus chinensis in the diet and the change of the P H value in the rumen of the cows. The effect of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and its mechanism were discussed. 4 Chinese Holstein cows with permanent rumen fistula in the dry milk period were selected to study the granularity of four Leymus chinensis (2cm, 4cm, 8cm and 18cm) in four groups of dairy cows. The test period was 33d (day), of which the pre 14d was the prefeeding period and the post 12D was the experimental period. The results showed that the physical length of Leymus chinensis was changed only when the feed value was unchanged. When the length of Leymus chinensis was 2cm, the P H value of the rumen in the unit time changed greatly. The yield of TVFA was significantly higher than that of the 4cm group, 8cm group and 18cm group (P0.01); the length of Leymus chinensis was 18 At cm, the P H value of Rumen in the rumen was small in the unit time and in the other three groups, and the value of P H in the rumen was maintained at a high level of 6.40 + 0.80. The P H value of the tumor gastric juice was very significant (P0.01) between the four groups of 2 hours (9:00-11:00) after feeding, and the 2cm group in the tumor gastric juice was significantly higher than 4cm, 8cm and three groups, and the ratio of acetic acid / propionic acid. The group was significantly higher than the 4cm, 8cm and 18cm three groups (P0.05). Therefore, the diet of 4 different granulation of Leymus chinensis was significantly affected by the changes of the ruminal pH value at different time points. The yield of acetic acid and butyric acid in the rumen was significantly influenced by the grain degree change, which changed the fermentation type of the rumen. A certain adverse effect was produced by the cattle. Experiment two: on the basis of the experiment one, the effect of changing the proportion of the addition of corn in the diet to the rumen acidity of the dairy cows was changed. On the basis of the experiment, the length of Leymus chinensis in the diet was fixed and the proportion of the corn in the diet was changed. The changes of the VFA yield and the P H value in the rumen of the cows were monitored. The experimental design of 4*4 Latin square was used to study the feeding of four levels of pressed corn (0%, 30%, 60%, 100%) in the diet. The test period was 33d (day). The pre 14d was the pre feeding period and the post 12D was the experimental period. The results showed that the diet was added to the S0, S30, S60 and S100 groups after the addition of 0%, 30%, 60% and 100% to the corn. The effective degradation rate (%) of starch rumen was 62.97,71.85,80.74 and 89.63 in the grain. With the increase of ruminal degradation starch content in the diet, the P H value in the rumen changed greatly, the difference between the four groups was significant (P0.01), the total volatile fatty acid production (TVFA), the propionic acid yield increased significantly with the increase of the proportion of the pressed corn (P0.01), and the ratio of propionic acid to propionic acid. There was a significant decrease (P0.01); in the unit time, the yield of ammonia nitrogen in the rumen increased significantly (P0.01) in the diet (P0.01). Therefore, the ration of the rumen degraded starch in the diet was changed, and the effects of the Rumen on the P H value and the ammonia nitrogen in the rumen were significantly affected. The yield of propionic acid, TVFA yield was significantly affected by the change of the proportion of adding pressed corn, which changed the type of rumen fermentation. The addition of pressed corn to the diet of dairy cows in the dry milk period had a positive effect on promoting the absorption and utilization of dairy cows. In summary, the following conclusions were drawn as follows: (1) to change the grain size of the diet and to the rumen of dairy cows in the dry milk period. The change of internal acidity and the type of rumen fermentation have significant influence. According to the change of the rumen acidity in the rumen of dairy cows within 12 hours after feeding in this study, when the length of Leymus chinensis is 8cm, it is better to feed the cows in the dry period. (2) change the replacement ratio of the pressed corn in the diet. There is a significant shadow on the rumen acidity and the type of rumen fermentation in the dry milk cows. According to the change of acidity in the rumen of dairy cows within 12 hours after feeding, it is suggested that the replacement of 30% slices of corn in dry milk period is the best in the diet.
【學位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S823.5

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本文編號：2102956