本文選題：規(guī)�；膛�(chǎng) + 碳足跡　； 參考：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)是重要的溫室氣體排放源之一,目前國內(nèi)較少有針對(duì)中國規(guī)模化奶牛場(chǎng)的生產(chǎn)實(shí)際進(jìn)行牛奶生產(chǎn)碳足跡評(píng)估方法研究。本研究以規(guī)模化奶牛養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)為評(píng)估對(duì)象,基于生命周期理念,按照碳足跡評(píng)估框架和相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),構(gòu)建規(guī)�；B(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)牛奶生產(chǎn)碳足跡評(píng)估方法,并利用該方法進(jìn)行了案例研究,探討了不同因素對(duì)牛奶生產(chǎn)碳足跡的影響,為規(guī)模化奶牛場(chǎng)的溫室氣體核算及農(nóng)業(yè)低碳養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)的研究提供支撐。主要研究結(jié)論如下：(1)規(guī)模化養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)牛奶生產(chǎn)碳足跡核算方法中系統(tǒng)邊界為從飼料種植環(huán)節(jié)開始截止到農(nóng)場(chǎng)大門,功能單位為1kg蛋白脂肪校正奶,系統(tǒng)溫室氣體分配方法為蛋白分配,腸道發(fā)酵、糞便管理和氮肥田間施用環(huán)節(jié)的溫室氣體排放采用《2006IPCC國家溫室氣體清單指南》提供的方法2核算,飼料種植環(huán)節(jié)中化肥和農(nóng)藥等生產(chǎn)資料的生產(chǎn),以及飼料加工和養(yǎng)殖環(huán)節(jié)能耗的溫室氣體排放均采用活動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)乘排放系數(shù)計(jì)算。相比于國外現(xiàn)有的模型和核算方法,該牛奶生產(chǎn)碳足跡核算方法提供的飼料加工、農(nóng)資生產(chǎn)、運(yùn)輸和能耗等排放系數(shù)主要采用國內(nèi)研究結(jié)果,飼料種植過程中的農(nóng)資投入量、飼料消耗和糞便管理等參數(shù)來源于國內(nèi)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)或生產(chǎn)實(shí)際,更符合中國的生產(chǎn)實(shí)際。同時(shí),本研究整理提供了中國不同省份飼料作物種植過程的農(nóng)資投入量和不同規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)的生產(chǎn)參數(shù),便于在評(píng)估時(shí)調(diào)用。(2)利用規(guī)模化養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)牛奶生產(chǎn)碳足跡核算方法進(jìn)行了案例分析,該養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)存欄量為5367頭,牛奶單產(chǎn)為7.7 t/(頭·年),糞便處理方式主要為氧化塘貯存和堆肥處理,系統(tǒng)邊界為從飼料生產(chǎn)到農(nóng)場(chǎng)大門。研究表明,2013年該牛奶生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)溫室氣體排放總量為27093.83 t CO2-eq,平均每頭牛每年產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體為5.05 t CO2-eq,按照蛋白分配法,該奶牛場(chǎng)每生產(chǎn)1kg標(biāo)準(zhǔn)奶(FPCM)的碳足跡為1.34kg CO2-eq。(3)案例研究表明,該牛奶生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中腸道發(fā)酵環(huán)節(jié)的貢獻(xiàn)率最大,占系統(tǒng)總排放量的41.18%,其次為飼料生產(chǎn)加工環(huán)節(jié),占系統(tǒng)總排放量的24.28%,糞便管理和糞便田間施用環(huán)節(jié)分別占系統(tǒng)總排放量的14.92%和10.25%,奶牛場(chǎng)能源消耗環(huán)節(jié)占系統(tǒng)總排放量的8.74%。對(duì)關(guān)鍵排放源進(jìn)一步分析,泌乳牛腸道發(fā)酵排放占到了整個(gè)腸道發(fā)酵甲烷排放的61.67%,氮肥田間施用和化肥生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)排放占到了飼料生產(chǎn)加工環(huán)節(jié)的74%,糞便管理過程中的N20排放占到該環(huán)節(jié)溫室氣體排放總量的57.1%,其中堆肥帶來的N20排放占到糞便管理環(huán)節(jié)N20排放的75%。該系統(tǒng)的主要排放的溫室氣體為CH4和N2O,其排放量當(dāng)量分別占系統(tǒng)總排放量的48%和32%。為確定重點(diǎn)環(huán)節(jié)溫室氣體減排技術(shù)研究提供參考。(4)對(duì)不同功能單位、分配方法、GWP值對(duì)碳足跡的影響進(jìn)行了定量分析,結(jié)果表明兩種不同的分配方法得出的牛奶碳足跡除不分配和質(zhì)量分配、蛋白分配和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值兩兩比較沒有顯著性差異(P0.05)外,其他任意兩者間進(jìn)行比較均有顯著性差異(P0.05)。采用不同GWP值得出的牛奶碳足跡均有顯著性差異(P0.05)。RM碳足跡與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)奶比較時(shí)具有顯著性差異(P0.05),當(dāng)以FPCM與以ECM為功能單位的碳足跡比較時(shí)沒有顯著性差異(P0.05),由此得出在進(jìn)行牛奶生產(chǎn)碳足跡比較時(shí),需要注意不同分配方法、GWP值和功能單位對(duì)牛奶碳足跡的影響。
[Abstract]:The livestock breeding industry is one of the important sources of greenhouse gas emission. At present, there are few studies on the evaluation method of the carbon footprint of milk production in China. This study takes the scale dairy farm as the evaluation object, based on the life cycle concept, according to the carbon footprint assessment framework and the related standards, the scale of the scale is built on the scale. The method of evaluating the carbon footprint of milk production in the breeding farm was used and a case study was carried out. The effects of different factors on the carbon footprint of milk production were discussed, which provided support for the greenhouse gas accounting of the dairy farm in the large-scale dairy farm and the research on the agricultural low carbon culture technology. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the production of carbon feet in the milk production of the large-scale farm. The system boundary is from the feed planting link to the farm gate, the functional unit is the 1kg protein fat correction milk, the system greenhouse gas distribution method is protein distribution, the intestinal fermentation, the fecal management and the nitrogen fertilizer field application of greenhouse gas emissions are provided by the <2006IPCC national greenhouse gas list guide. In law 2, the production of chemical fertilizer and pesticide production data, as well as the greenhouse gas emission from feed processing and energy consumption are calculated by active data by the emission coefficient. Compared with the existing models and accounting methods in foreign countries, the production of feed, agricultural production and transportation are provided by the method of calculating the carbon footprint in the milk production. And energy consumption and other emission factors mainly adopt domestic research results. The input of agricultural investment, feed consumption and fecal management in the process of feed planting are derived from domestic statistical data or production practice, which is more in line with the actual production practice in China. At the same time, this study provides the agricultural investment in different provinces in China. The production parameters of different scale farms are easy to be called. (2) a case analysis is made of the accounting method of carbon footprint in the production of milk production in a large-scale farm. The stock of the farm is 5367 and the milk yield is 7.7 t/ (head year). The treatment of the feces is mainly for the storage and composting of the oxygen pond, and the boundary of the system is from the feed production to the feed. The study showed that the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions from the milk production system was 27093.83 t CO2-eq in 2013, and the average annual greenhouse gas generated by each cow was 5.05 t CO2-eq. According to protein distribution, the carbon footprint of 1kg standard milk (FPCM) produced in the dairy farm was 1.34kg CO2-eq. (3), which showed the midgut of the milk production system. The contribution rate of the channel fermentation is the largest, accounting for 41.18% of the total system emissions, followed by the feed production and processing link, accounting for 24.28% of the total system emissions, and 14.92% and 10.25% of the total emission of the dung management and fecal application, respectively, and the 8.74%. of the total system emissions of the dairy farm energy consumption links further to the key emission sources. The analysis shows that the intestinal fermentation of lactating cattle accounts for 61.67% of the methane emission in the whole intestinal tract. The field application of nitrogen fertilizer and the production link of chemical fertilizer account for 74% of the feed production and processing link, and the N20 emission in the process of manure management accounts for 57.1% of the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions in this link, of which the N20 emissions from the composting account for the manure management. The main emissions of the 75%. system of link N20 emissions are CH4 and N2O, and their emissions equivalent to 48% of the total emission of the system and 32%. provide reference for the key link greenhouse gas emission reduction technology research. (4) the effects of different functional units, distribution methods and GWP values on the carbon footprint are quantitatively analyzed, and the results show that two There was no significant difference in the distribution of milk carbon footprint, quality distribution, protein distribution and economic value 22 (P0.05), and there were significant differences (P0.05). The carbon footprint of milk used by different GWP was significant (P0.05).RM carbon footprint and standard. There was a significant difference between para milk (P0.05). There was no significant difference between FPCM and the carbon footprint of ECM as a functional unit (P0.05). It was concluded that the effects of different distribution methods, GWP values and functional units on the carbon footprint of cow milk should be paid attention to when comparing the carbon footprint of milk production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S823;S811.5

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本文編號(hào)：2092397