本文選題：水貂犬瘟熱病毒 + 水貂細(xì)小病毒��； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：水貂是一種珍貴的毛皮動物,具有較高的經(jīng)濟(jì)價值。山東有適宜水貂生長的氣候環(huán)境和豐富的飼料資源,逐步成為全國水貂養(yǎng)殖大省。然而隨著養(yǎng)殖戶不斷擴(kuò)大養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模、增加養(yǎng)殖密度,飼養(yǎng)管理水平又過于粗放,導(dǎo)致各種水貂疾病也隨之發(fā)生,給水貂養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的健康發(fā)展帶來了巨大威脅。水貂犬瘟熱(Canine Distemper,CD)是由犬瘟熱病毒(Canine Distemper Virus,CDV)引起的一種急性、熱性、高度接觸性的傳染病。幼年貂感染死亡率可高達(dá)80%~90%,成年貂感染死亡率為30%~50%,患病母貂常常出現(xiàn)流產(chǎn)、空懷和胚胎吸收,是危害我國毛皮動物養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的主要傳染病之一。水貂病毒性腸炎是由水貂細(xì)小病毒(Mink Enteritis Virus,MEV)感染引起的一種以胃腸粘膜發(fā)炎、出血及嚴(yán)重腹瀉為主要特征的急性、烈性、高致死性和高度接觸性傳染病,常于7~9月份暴發(fā)流行,冬季散發(fā),已發(fā)病的貂場常于第二年夏、秋季節(jié)再次發(fā)病。流感病毒(Influenza Virus,IV)、偽狂犬病毒(Pseudo Rabies Virus,PRV)和圓環(huán)病毒(Porcine CircoVirus,PCV)在水貂中一直都是散在發(fā)生,沒有得到足夠的重視,但近幾年感染率有所上升。本研究對威海、臨沂、日照、濰坊、聊城、濟(jì)寧、濱州、菏澤八個地區(qū)的水貂進(jìn)行樣品采集,其中肛門拭子185份,病死貂381只(分別采集每只水貂的肝、肺、腎、脾、腸、腦),共計566份,其中233份來自威海,86份來自濰坊,171份來自臨沂,31份來自日照,14份來自濟(jì)寧,11份來自菏澤,11份來自濱州,9份來自聊城。用PBS對肛門拭子進(jìn)行洗脫、離心,收集上清、待檢;分別用研磨器對采集的肝、肺、腎、脾、腸、腦等器官組織進(jìn)行研磨,用PBS制成10%的組織懸液,離心,取上清、待檢。采用PCR技術(shù)和熒光PCR技術(shù)對處理好的樣品進(jìn)行檢測。結(jié)果顯示,CDV的感染率約17%,MEV的感染率為7.95%,IV的感染率為3.53%,PRV的感染率為5.82%,PCV2的感染率為3.53%;混合感染主要出現(xiàn)在CDV和MEV之間,混合感染率為2.83%。實驗結(jié)果還顯示CDV和MEV的發(fā)病時間主要集中在夏、秋季節(jié),尤其是7~9月份,IV主要集中在冬季發(fā)病,尤其是1~3月份。另外,本研究對分離到的8株CDV毒株的H基因進(jìn)行了克隆測序、分析。結(jié)果顯示,8株CDV H基因的核苷酸同源性在99.0~100%之間,其中分離株SDMK07和SDMK08的基因序列同源性為100%;8株病毒H基因與參考毒株的H基因同源性范圍為90.0%~99.7%,其中這8株病毒H基因與參考毒株WF1307M的H基因同源性最高,在99.1%~99.7%之間。遺傳進(jìn)化分析說明,這8株CDV都來自同一大分支上,可能是起源于Hamamastu毒株的野毒株。結(jié)果表明,CDV依然是危害水貂養(yǎng)殖的重要疫病,且CDV易與其他病原混合感染;MEV在各地區(qū)也普遍發(fā)生;IV、PRV和PCV2多為散在發(fā)生。各病毒的發(fā)病時間和病毒流行特點基本一致。本研究對水貂五種病毒病的發(fā)病情況做了科學(xué)統(tǒng)計,為進(jìn)一步防治提供了流行病學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Mink is a precious fur animal with high economic value. Shandong has a suitable climatic environment for mink growth and abundant feed resources, which has gradually become a large province of mink breeding in China. However, with the continuous expansion of breeding scale, increasing the density of breeding, raising and management level is too extensive, resulting in a variety of mink diseases also occurred, to the healthy development of mink industry has brought a huge threat. Mink distemper CD is an acute, feverish and highly contagious disease caused by Canine distemper virus (CDV). The mortality rate of infantile mink infection can be as high as 80% and 90%. The mortality rate of adult mink infection is 30%. The female mink often has miscarriage, empty pregnancy and embryo absorption, which is one of the major infectious diseases that harm the fur animal breeding industry in China. Mink viral enteritis is an acute, severe, highly lethal and highly contagious infectious disease characterized by gastrointestinal mucosal inflammation, bleeding and severe diarrhea caused by mink parvovirus (Mink Enteritis virus MEV) infection. In winter, the diseased mink farm often reappeared in the following summer and autumn. Influenza virus IV, pseudorabies virus PRV and porcine Circovirus PCV have been scattered in minks and have not received enough attention, but the infection rate has increased in recent years. In this study, samples were collected from minks from eight areas of Weihai, Linyi, Rizhao, Weifang, Liaocheng, Jining, Binzhou and Heze, of which 185 anal swabs and 381 dead minks (liver, lung, kidney, spleen, intestine, respectively) were collected from each mink. Of the 566, 233 from Weihai, 86 from Weifang, 171 from Linyi, 31 from Rizhao, 14 from Jining, 11 from Heze, 11 from Binzhou, 9 from Liaocheng. The anal swabs were eluted by PBS, centrifuged, supernatant collected and examined, liver, lung, kidney, spleen, intestine, brain and other organs and tissues were ground with grinder, and 10% tissue suspension was made by PBS. PCR and fluorescence PCR techniques were used to detect the treated samples. The results showed that the infection rate of MEV was about 7.955.The infection rate of PRV was 3.53. the infection rate of PCV2 was 5.82% and the infection rate of PCV2 was 3.53.The mixed infection rate was mainly between CDV and MEV, and the mixed infection rate was 2.83%. The results also showed that the onset time of CDV and MEV was mainly in summer and autumn, especially in July and September, especially in winter, especially in January and March. In addition, the H gene of 8 CDV strains was cloned and sequenced. The results showed that the nucleotide homology of CDV H gene was between 99.0% and 100%. The homology of H gene between SDMK07 and SDMK08 was 100 and the homology range of H gene between strain H and reference strain was 90.00.The homology of H gene between these 8 strains and reference strain WF1307M was the highest, between 99.7% and 99.7%, and the homology of H gene between these 8 strains and reference strain WF1307M was between 99.7% and 99.7%, among them, the homology of H gene between SDMK07 and SDMK08 was between 99.7% and 99.7%. Genetic and evolutionary analysis showed that all of the 8 CDV strains were from the same branch, and probably originated from the wild strain of Hamamastu strain. The results showed that CDV was still an important epidemic disease in mink culture, and it was easy to mix with other pathogens to infect MEV. The onset time of each virus and the epidemic characteristics of the virus are basically the same. In this study, the incidence of five virus diseases in mink was scientifically counted, which provided epidemiological data for further prevention and control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S858.92

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本文編號：2084972