發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-20 22:57

  本文選題：肉雞氣管阻塞 + 病理組織學(xué)��； 參考：《聊城大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：肉雞氣管阻塞是我國北方地區(qū)近年來廣泛發(fā)生的一種嚴(yán)重的綜合性、流行性呼吸道疾病,在不同規(guī)模、不同品種、不同養(yǎng)殖方式的養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)皆有發(fā)生。該病發(fā)病速度快,治療困難,死亡率高,給廣大養(yǎng)殖戶帶來了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。為了更深入的了解肉雞氣管阻塞的癥狀及發(fā)病機(jī)理,本研究利用病理組織學(xué)、生物化學(xué)、藥敏試驗(yàn)以及第二代Miseq高通量測(cè)序等方法,對(duì)山東聊城地區(qū)肉雞養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)中氣管阻塞病例進(jìn)行病理組織學(xué)的觀察、病原體的分離鑒定、病原細(xì)菌藥敏試驗(yàn)以及發(fā)病肉雞呼吸系統(tǒng)內(nèi)細(xì)菌和真菌微生物多樣性及其相關(guān)性進(jìn)行研究,為臨床上肉雞氣管阻塞疾病的防治提供理論依據(jù)。病理組織學(xué)觀察。采取臨床上自然發(fā)病肉雞的肺臟和氣管,進(jìn)行常規(guī)石蠟切片、H.E.染色和改良PTAH染色,利用剖檢和病理組織學(xué)方法觀察其病理變化,為肉雞氣管阻塞發(fā)病機(jī)制研究和臨床防控提供理論依據(jù)。結(jié)果顯示,氣管阻塞發(fā)病肉雞的氣管環(huán)充血、出血,氣管、支氣管內(nèi)有黃白色干酪樣阻塞物,阻塞多發(fā)生在支氣管與肺臟連接處。氣管黏膜充血、出血,并有炎性細(xì)胞浸潤,上皮細(xì)胞嚴(yán)重脫落;肺臟出血、淤血明顯;肺臟細(xì)支氣管阻塞,阻塞物主要為脫落的上皮細(xì)胞、血細(xì)胞以及滲出的纖維和蛋白。說明發(fā)病雞出現(xiàn)了較嚴(yán)重的組織損傷,并伴有炎性反應(yīng)。病原體的分離鑒定。無菌采集患有典型氣管阻塞癥狀的病死肉雞肺臟,采用培養(yǎng)特性、生化試驗(yàn)等方法對(duì)細(xì)菌進(jìn)行分離鑒定,以及對(duì)分離菌株進(jìn)行藥敏試驗(yàn);同時(shí)采用雞胚接種、血凝和血凝抑制試驗(yàn)以及分子生物學(xué)方法進(jìn)行病毒的分離鑒定,研究肉雞氣管阻塞疾病的部分致病因素。結(jié)果顯示,從10份病例中均分離到大腸桿菌和金黃色葡萄球菌,分離菌株對(duì)常用抗生素均表現(xiàn)出不同程度的耐藥性,且呈嚴(yán)重的多重耐藥現(xiàn)象;H9N2 AIV和NDV的分離率分別為80%和30%,兩者共感染率為30%。表明肉雞氣管阻塞疾病是由多種病原體聯(lián)合導(dǎo)致,且混合感染嚴(yán)重。細(xì)菌多樣性分析。采用第二代Miseq高通量測(cè)序方法對(duì)發(fā)病與健康雞只的肺臟和氣管內(nèi)微生物進(jìn)行檢測(cè),并分析各樣品中菌種類別、群落組成、不同樣品之間物種差異以及與疾病發(fā)生的關(guān)系。結(jié)果顯示,在肺臟和氣管內(nèi)共檢測(cè)到270種細(xì)菌,隸屬13門、23綱、39目、74科、140屬。病例氣管中細(xì)菌數(shù)比肺臟高,同時(shí)也比健康氣管略有增多,而多數(shù)病例肺臟內(nèi)細(xì)菌數(shù)比健康肺臟少。結(jié)果表明,不同樣品之間存在一定的物種差異,地域?qū)悠分屑?xì)菌組成影響較大,引發(fā)肉雞氣管阻塞的細(xì)菌病原體也存有不同,主要有支原體、大腸桿菌、志賀氏菌、里氏桿菌、棒狀桿菌、葡萄球菌、鳥桿菌和腸球菌等;此外,所占比例較大的乳酸球菌和乳酸桿菌是益生菌。真菌多樣性分析。對(duì)患有氣管阻塞的肉雞肺臟和氣管內(nèi)真菌微生物多樣性進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果共分類出4門、18綱、49目、91科、147屬、403種真菌。在門的分類水平上,各樣品的真菌微生物以子囊菌門和擔(dān)子菌門為主,接合菌門在健康肺臟中占一定的比例,還有一些難以鑒定的真菌門類。在屬的分類水平上,優(yōu)勢(shì)菌屬主要有曲霉屬、翹孢霉屬、酵母、鏈格孢屬、分枝孢子菌屬、念珠菌屬、毛孢子菌屬和鐮刀菌屬等。
[Abstract]:Chicken tracheal obstruction is a serious of northern China in recent years the widespread occurrence, prevalence of respiratory diseases, in different scale, different varieties, different types of aquaculture farms have occurred. The incidence of the disease is difficult to treat, fast, high mortality rate, bring huge economic losses to the broad culture in order to further. Understand the symptoms and pathogenesis of chicken tracheal obstruction, the histopathology, biochemistry, drug sensitive test and the second generation Miseq high-throughput sequencing, observation on broiler farms in Shandong Liaocheng tracheal obstruction were area, isolation and identification of pathogens, pathogenic bacteria and drug sensitivity test For bacteria and fungi, microbial diversity and correlation of disease of respiratory system in broiler research, to provide theory for clinical treatment on broiler tracheal obstructive diseases. Histopathology of the lungs and trachea. Take the natural incidence of broiler clinical, conventional paraffin sections, H.E. staining and modified PTAH staining by autopsy and pathology To observe the pathological changes of histological methods, provide a theoretical basis for the study of the pathogenesis of airway obstruction in Broilers and clinical prevention and control. The results showed that the incidence of airway obstruction in broiler tracheal congestion, hemorrhage, trachea, bronchus with yellowish caseous obstruction, obstruction occurred at the junction of bronchial and lung. Tracheal mucosal hyperemia, hemorrhage, and With the infiltration of inflammatory cells, epithelial cells exfoliation; lung hemorrhage, congestion was obvious; lung bronchial obstruction, the obstruction mainly for exfoliated epithelial cells, blood cells and exudation of fiber and protein. The diseased chicken appeared more severe tissue injury, accompanied by inflammatory reaction. Isolation and identification of pathogens were collected. With typical Airway obstruction symptoms with mortality of broilers lung, culture characteristics, biochemical test and other methods for isolation and identification of bacteria and drug sensitive test isolates; at the same time by chicken embryo inoculation, hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition test and molecular biological methods for virus separation and identification, the study on tracheal obstructive diseases caused by part Disease factors. The results showed that all isolated Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in 10 cases, isolates to antibiotics showed different degrees of resistance and multidrug resistant phenomenon is serious; separation of H9N2 AIV and NDV were 80% and 30%, both showed that the infection rate of 30%. broilers many diseases are caused by airway obstruction Pathogens combine to cause, and mixed infection. Serious bacterial diversity analysis. The second generation of Miseq high-throughput sequencing methods and the incidence of healthy chickens in the lungs and trachea of microbial detection, and analysis of species in each sample category, community composition, species differences between the sample and the relationship with disease. The results showed that, In the lung and trachea were detected in 270 species of bacteria, belonging to 13 phyla, 23 classes, 39 orders, 74 families, 140 genera of bacteria. The number of cases in the trachea and lungs than higher than healthy trachea slightly increased, but the majority of cases in the lung bacterial count than healthy lungs less. The results show that the existence of certain species differences the different samples between regions of the bacteria in the sample composition Influence caused by bacterial pathogens have different broiler tracheal obstruction, mainly Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Shigella, anatipestifer, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, bacillus and Enterococcus bird; in addition, a larger proportion of the lactic acid bacteria and probiotics is Lactobacillus. Analysis of fungal diversity. For patients with airway obstruction the meat Analysis of the chicken lung and trachea fungi in microbial diversity, the classification of 4 doors, 18 classes, 49 orders, 91 families, 147 genera, 403 species of fungi. The level of classification on the door, fungi samples to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, Zygomycota accounted for a certain proportion in the there are some healthy lung, it is difficult to identify the fungi categories. In the classification of the genus, dominant bacteria genera were mainly Aspergillus, Emericella, yeast, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Candida, Trichosporon spp. and Fusarium.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：聊城大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S858.31

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本文編號(hào)：2046001