本文選題：長途運輸應(yīng)激 + 宰前靜養(yǎng)��； 參考：《河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國肉牛生產(chǎn)發(fā)展迅猛,集中運輸屠宰的肉牛數(shù)量日益增多,運輸應(yīng)激成為我國肉牛生產(chǎn)中不可避免的重要應(yīng)激因素之一。運輸應(yīng)激容易造成肉牛損傷及生理機(jī)能下降,影響動物的生產(chǎn)性能和肉品質(zhì)下降。宰前靜養(yǎng)是緩解肉牛長途應(yīng)激的主要途徑,在一定程度上可以緩解肉牛的運輸應(yīng)激,提高肉牛生產(chǎn)性能和肉品質(zhì)。經(jīng)過調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn)目前國內(nèi)企業(yè)主要采用0-24h以內(nèi)的靜養(yǎng),靜養(yǎng)效果并不理想,造成肉牛體重持續(xù)下降,肉品質(zhì)降低。本試驗首先對我國部分省市的肉牛屠宰企業(yè)進(jìn)行調(diào)查,總結(jié)宰前管理現(xiàn)狀;并就大于24h的靜養(yǎng)對肉牛的影響進(jìn)行了研究,旨在為我國肉牛屠宰提供一定的理論參考。1.肉牛宰前管理調(diào)查我國長途運輸肉牛所占比重較大;經(jīng)過長途運輸后肉�；钪叵陆得黠@,屠宰率和凈肉率有降低的趨勢,造成經(jīng)濟(jì)損失;大部分企業(yè)忽視宰前靜養(yǎng),無靜養(yǎng)直接屠宰或者靜養(yǎng)時間太短,靜養(yǎng)時間長短沒有考慮運輸距離,缺乏科學(xué)合理的運輸應(yīng)激消除技術(shù)。2.靜養(yǎng)時間對肉牛生理生化及肌肉組織的影響研究為了研究靜養(yǎng)對于消除長途運輸應(yīng)激對肉牛影響的效果,為肉牛企業(yè)實際生產(chǎn)選取合適的肉牛靜養(yǎng)時間,試驗選取體重相近(600kg±50kg)的西門塔爾公牛36頭做屠宰測定,其中6頭不進(jìn)行運輸,作為對照組。運輸前編號,稱重。經(jīng)長途運輸(600km以上)抵達(dá)屠宰場后稱重,于0h、24h、72h、120h、168h分別屠宰各6頭,宰時采血,用于測定生理生化指標(biāo),宰后排酸成熟72h后測定肉品質(zhì)相關(guān)指標(biāo)。試驗結(jié)果表明,肉牛經(jīng)過長途運輸立即屠宰降低肉品品質(zhì);血液生理生化指標(biāo)、p H值、滴水損失、蒸煮損失、剪切力等指標(biāo)在72h至120h靜養(yǎng)期間呈現(xiàn)恢復(fù)狀態(tài),與對照組最接近(具體結(jié)果見試驗部分);在靜養(yǎng)168h時,血液生理生化指標(biāo)及肉品品質(zhì)又表現(xiàn)出下降的趨勢,可能產(chǎn)生了新的應(yīng)激。長途運輸肉牛宰前靜養(yǎng)72~120h為宜。3.靜養(yǎng)時間對長途運輸肉牛生產(chǎn)性能的影響本試驗研究了長途運輸?shù)娜馀Ｔ陟o養(yǎng)0h-168h過程中,活重?fù)p失率、出肉率、凈肉率、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的動態(tài)變化。試驗選取體重相近(600kg±50kg)的西門塔爾公牛36頭做屠宰測定,其中6頭作為對照組,不進(jìn)行長途運輸。運輸前編號,稱重。經(jīng)長途運輸(600km以上)抵達(dá)屠宰場后,稱重。于0h、24h、72h、120h、168h分別屠宰各6頭,宰后稱重分析。結(jié)果表明:肉牛靜養(yǎng)過程中,活重?fù)p失率從靜養(yǎng)0h到72h呈降低趨勢,從靜養(yǎng)72h到168h呈升高趨勢;靜養(yǎng)72h組凈肉率顯著大于其他試驗組(P0.05);與對照組相比,靜養(yǎng)0h組市場差值最大,靜養(yǎng)72h組市場差值最小。說明靜養(yǎng)72h活重?fù)p失率最低,凈肉率、出肉率、經(jīng)濟(jì)核算均與對照組最接近。因此,經(jīng)過長途運輸肉牛建議靜養(yǎng)72h后再進(jìn)行屠宰。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of beef cattle production in China, the number of beef cattle transported and slaughtered is increasing day by day. Transportation stress has become one of the unavoidable important stress factors in the production of beef cattle in China. Transport stress can easily cause injury and decline of physiological function of beef cattle, and affect the performance and meat quality of animals. Pre-mortem rest is the main way to alleviate the long-distance stress of beef cattle. To some extent, it can alleviate the transport stress of beef cattle and improve the production performance and meat quality of beef cattle. After investigation, it was found that the domestic enterprises mainly used 0-24 hours of rest, the effect of rest is not ideal, resulting in continuous loss of beef weight and meat quality. This experiment firstly investigated the butcher enterprises of beef cattle in some provinces and cities of our country, summarized the present situation of the management before slaughter, and studied the influence of the rest feeding for more than 24 hours on the beef cattle, in order to provide certain theoretical reference for the slaughter of beef cattle in our country. Investigation on Beef Beef Management before slaughter the proportion of beef cattle transported over long distances in our country is relatively large. After long-distance transportation, the live weight of beef cattle decreases significantly, and the slaughter rate and net meat rate decrease, which results in economic losses. Most enterprises neglect pre-mortem rest. Direct slaughter without rest or short rest time, the length of rest time does not take into account the transport distance, lack of scientific and reasonable transport stress elimination technology. 2. Study on the effects of resting time on physiological, biochemical and muscle tissue of Beef cattle in order to study the effect of resting time on the elimination of long-distance transport stress on beef cattle, the appropriate time for beef cattle production was selected. In the experiment, 36 Simmental bulls with similar body weight (600kg 鹵50kg) were slaughtered and 6 of them were not transported as control group. Number before transportation, weighing. After arriving at the slaughterhouse, 6 heads were slaughtered at 0 h, 24 h, 72 h, 120 h and 168 h, respectively. Blood was collected at the time of slaughter, which was used to measure physiological and biochemical indexes, and meat quality was measured after 72 h of acid excretion after slaughter. The results showed that beef cattle were slaughtered immediately after long distance transportation to reduce meat quality, blood physiological and biochemical indexes such as pH value, drip loss, cooking loss, shear stress and so on showed a recovery state during 72 hours to 120 hours of rest. The results showed that the blood physiological and biochemical indexes and meat quality showed a downward trend after 168h of rest, which may lead to new stress. Long distance transportation of beef cattle before slaughter for 72U 120h is appropriate. 3. Effects of resting time on the production performance of Long-distance Transport Beef cattle the dynamic changes of live weight loss rate of meat yield net meat rate and economic benefit of long-distance transport beef cattle during 0h-168h were studied. In the experiment, 36 Simmental bulls with similar body weight (600kg 鹵50kg) were slaughtered and 6 of them were used as control group without long-distance transportation. Number before transportation, weighing. After long-distance transportation above 600 km) arrived at the slaughterhouse, weighing. Six heads were slaughtered at 0 h, 24 h, 72 h, 120 h and 168 h, respectively. The results showed that the loss rate of live weight decreased from 0 h to 72 h, and increased from 72 h to 168 h, and the net meat rate of 72h group was significantly higher than that of other experimental groups, and the market difference between 0 h group and control group was the largest. The market difference was the smallest in 72 h rest group. The results showed that the loss rate of live weight in 72 hours was the lowest, the net meat rate, meat output rate and economic calculation were the most close to those of the control group. Therefore, after long-distance transport of beef cattle recommended 72 hours of rest before slaughter.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S823

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本文編號：2013602