本文選題：黑河流域上游 + 高寒草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)��； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著全球氣候變暖,二氧化碳減排成為當(dāng)今世界關(guān)注的共同熱點(diǎn)問題。草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)作為陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的一部分,它是重要的碳匯之一,越來越突出,并且越來越受到廣泛的重視。目前國際社會(huì)已經(jīng)在全球范圍內(nèi)利用生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的碳匯功能實(shí)施碳匯交易,使其成為有效的減排方式。本研究使用黑河流域2013年的氣象數(shù)據(jù)、Terra/Modis NDVI數(shù)據(jù)、實(shí)地采樣數(shù)據(jù),利用C-FlX模型及數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)方法對(duì)黑河流域上游草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)不同植被類型NPP、植被碳儲(chǔ)量、固碳釋氧量進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析及估算,同時(shí),利用實(shí)測(cè)的土壤有機(jī)碳數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)各草地植被類型的土壤有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量進(jìn)行了分析及估算,最終對(duì)黑河流域上游草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳儲(chǔ)量及其價(jià)值進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。得出以下結(jié)論：(1)黑河上游草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)2013年單位面積NPP年均累計(jì)量為104.41 gC/m2,NPP累計(jì)量在0.001～453.969gC/m2之間,NPP空間分布格局存在較大的異質(zhì)性,總體上自東南向西南呈遞減趨勢(shì)。各草地植被類型單位面積NPP累計(jì)總量表現(xiàn)為：高寒草甸灌叢草地高寒草原荒漠草地,NPP累計(jì)量分別為121.69 gC/2、121.34gC/m2、111.87gC/m2、62.73gC/m2,各草地植被類型地下碳密度分別為高寒草甸963.78g C/m2,灌叢草地946.46 g C/m2,高寒草原475.44 g C/m2,荒漠草地494.9gC/m2。各草地植被類型2013年總碳儲(chǔ)量為：高寒草甸12.2×106tC,高寒草原4.69×106t C,灌叢草地2.52×106t C,荒漠草地0.6×106t C,表現(xiàn)趨勢(shì)與年NPP累積量一致。黑河流域上游2013年草地植被NPP價(jià)值量和植被碳儲(chǔ)量價(jià)值量空間分布格局與NPP物質(zhì)量空間格局一致,空間價(jià)值仍表現(xiàn)為從東向西,逐漸遞減。草地植被總碳儲(chǔ)量為46.38×108元,NPP總價(jià)值量為6.06×108元,地下固碳量總價(jià)值量為40.32x108元。各草地植被類型NPP累積量年均價(jià)值量均值在145.42-282.1元/hm2之間,平均價(jià)值量為242.04元/hm2,地下固碳年均價(jià)值量均值在1102.17-2234.24元/hm2之間,平均價(jià)值量為1669.46元/hm2。各草地植被類型單位面積NPP價(jià)值量分別為高寒草甸282.1元/hm2,灌叢草地281.29元/hm2,高寒草原259.34元/hm2,荒漠草地145.42元/hm2。(2)黑河上游草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)2013年固定C02物質(zhì)量為42.51×105t,釋放O2物質(zhì)量為31.30×10st。不同草地植被類型單位面積固定二氧化碳物質(zhì)量和釋放氧氣物質(zhì)的量仍表現(xiàn)為：高寒草甸灌叢草地高寒草原荒漠草地,各草地植被單位面積固定二氧化碳的物質(zhì)量分別為：1.98t/hm2,1.97t/hm2,1.82t/hm2,1.02t/hm2;釋放02物質(zhì)量分別為：1.46t/hm2,1.45t/hm2,1.34t/hm2,0.75t/hm2。各草地植被類型固定C02和釋放O2總物質(zhì)量分別為：高寒草甸22.29×105t和16.41×l05t,高寒草原14.58×105t和10.73×105t,灌叢草地4.66×105t和3.43×105t,荒漠草地1.09×105t和0.81×105t。草地植被2013年固碳釋氧總價(jià)值量為25.47×108元,其中固定CO2價(jià)值為15.62×108元,釋放02價(jià)值為9.85×108元。各草地植被類型固碳釋氧總價(jià)值分別為13.32×108元,8.71×108元,2.79x108元,0.65×108元。(3)黑河上游草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)土壤0～100cm深度土壤有機(jī)碳總儲(chǔ)量為53.49×1010t,總價(jià)值為29.42×109元,其中土壤深度0～20cm各草地植被土壤有機(jī)碳總儲(chǔ)量為17.57×1010t,總價(jià)值為9.86×109元。草地植被土壤有機(jī)碳在土層深度0～100cm平均含量為10.89～77.65g.kg-1,隨著深度的增加,平均含量逐漸減小。土層深度0～100cm有機(jī)碳變異系數(shù)均在10%～100%之間,屬于中等變異,平均變異系數(shù)為78.01%。各草地植被覆蓋類型下,土層深度0～100cm的平均土壤有機(jī)碳含量為22.05kg·m-2。土層深度0～20cm各草地植被土壤有機(jī)碳含量為：灌叢草地8.76kg·m-2,高寒草甸8.06kg·m-2,高寒草原7.49kg·m-2,荒漠草地4.25kg·m-2；土層深度O-l00cm各草地植被土壤有機(jī)碳含量為：灌叢草地30.57kg·m-2,高寒草甸24.28kg·m-2,高寒草原22.26kg·m-2,荒漠草地11.11kg·m-2。各草地植被2013年總碳儲(chǔ)量為：高寒草甸27.29×1010t,高寒草原17.8×1010t,灌叢草地7.21×1010t,荒漠草地1.19×1010t；總價(jià)值量分別為：高寒草甸15.01×109元,高寒草原9.79×109元,灌叢草地3.96×109元,荒漠草地0.65×109元。土壤有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量表現(xiàn)為：高寒草甸高寒草原灌叢草地荒漠草地。(4)黑河流域上游草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)總碳儲(chǔ)價(jià)值量為370.07×108元人民幣,各草地植被類型的碳儲(chǔ)價(jià)值分別為：高寒草甸為189.67×108元人民幣,高寒草原為118.26×108元人民幣,灌叢草地為48.22×108元人民幣,荒漠草地為13.92×108元人民幣,表現(xiàn)為土壤碳儲(chǔ)量價(jià)值量草地植被碳儲(chǔ)量價(jià)值量固碳釋氧價(jià)值量。
[Abstract]:With the global warming, the carbon dioxide emission reduction has become a common hot issue in the world. As part of the terrestrial ecosystem, the grassland ecosystem is one of the important carbon sinks, which is becoming more and more prominent and has been paid more and more attention. At present, the international community has used the carbon sink work of the ecosystem around the world. This study uses the meteorological data of the Heihe River Basin in 2013, Terra/Modis NDVI data, field sampling data, and the C-FlX model and mathematical statistics method for the different vegetation types NPP, carbon storage and carbon sequestration of the vegetation in the upper reaches of the Heihe basin. At the same time, the soil organic carbon reserves of various grassland vegetation types were analyzed and estimated by the measured soil organic carbon data. The carbon reserves and the value of the grassland ecosystem in the upper reaches of the Heihe basin were evaluated. The following conclusions were obtained: (1) the annual cumulative NPP per unit area of the grassland ecosystem in the upper reaches of Heihe in 2013 The amount of 104.41 gC/m2 and the cumulative amount of NPP were between 0.001 and 453.969gC/m2, and the spatial distribution pattern of NPP had a large heterogeneity, and in general, it decreased from the southeast to the southwest. The total amount of NPP in the unit area of each grassland vegetation type was as follows: the alpine meadow meadow grassland alpine grassland deserted grassland, and the NPP fatigue measurement was 121.69 gC/2121.34g, respectively. C/m2111.87gC/m2,62.73gC/m2, the underground carbon density of various grassland vegetation types is 963.78g C/m2 in alpine meadow, 946.46 g C/m2 in shrub grassland, 475.44 g C/m2 in alpine grassland, and the total carbon reserves of grassland vegetation types in desert grassland in 2013 are 12.2 * 106tC in alpine meadow, 4.69 * 106t C in high cold grassland, 2.52 by shrub grassland and desert grassland. The 0.6 x 106t C of grassland is consistent with the annual NPP accumulation. The spatial distribution pattern of grassland vegetation NPP value and vegetation carbon reserve value in the upper reaches of Heihe basin in 2013 is consistent with the spatial pattern of NPP quality, and the spatial value is still decreasing from east to west. The total carbon reserves of grassland vegetation are 46.38 x 108 yuan, and the total value of NPP is 6.06 x 1. The total value of carbon sequestration value of 08 yuan is 40.32x108 yuan. The average annual value of NPP accumulative value of each grassland vegetation type is between 145.42-282.1 yuan and /hm2, the average value is 242.04 yuan /hm2, the average annual average value of the underground carbon fixation is between 1102.17-2234.24 yuan and /hm2, the average value is 1669.46 yuan /hm2. each grassland vegetation type unit area NPP The value is 282.1 yuan /hm2 in alpine meadow, 281.29 yuan /hm2 in shrub grassland, 259.34 yuan /hm2 in alpine grassland, 145.42 yuan in desert grassland and /hm2. (2) in the grassland ecosystem in the upper reaches of Heihe, the quality of fixed C02 in 2013 is 42.51 x 105T, and the quality of O2 substance is 31.30 * 10st., and the quality and release of carbon dioxide in the unit area of different grassland vegetation types is fixed. The amount of oxygen material is still shown in the alpine meadow meadow grassland and the alpine grassland desert grassland. The quality of the fixed carbon dioxide in the unit area of each grassland vegetation is 1.98t/hm2,1.97t/hm2,1.82t/hm2,1.02t/hm2, and the quality of the release 02 is respectively C02 and release of the grassland vegetation types of 1.46t/hm2,1.45t/hm2,1.34t/ hm2,0.75t/hm2., respectively. The total quality of O2 is 22.29 x 105T and 16.41 x l05t in alpine meadow, 14.58 x 105T and 10.73 x 105T in alpine grassland, 4.66 x 105T and 3.43 x 105T in shrub grassland. The total value of carbon fixation and release of oxygen in the desert grassland 1.09 * 105T and 0.81 x 105t. grassland is 25.47 x 108 yuan in 2013, of which the fixed CO2 value is 15.62 x 108, and the 02 value is 9.85 * The total value of carbon fixation and oxygen release of various grassland vegetation types is 13.32 * 108 yuan, 8.71 * 108 yuan, 2.79x108 yuan, 0.65 x 108 yuan. (3) the total soil organic carbon reserves of the soil from 0 to 100cm in the upper Heihe grassland ecosystem are 53.49 x 1010t, and the total value is 29.42 * 109 yuan, of which the total soil organic carbon reserves of soil depth 0 ~ 20cm grassland vegetation are 17.5 The total value of 7 x 1010t is 9.86 x 109 yuan. The average content of organic carbon in soil depth from 0 to 100cm in the soil layer is 10.89 ~ 77.65g.kg-1, with the depth increasing, the average content gradually decreases. The variation coefficient of organic carbon in soil depth from 0 to 100cm is from 10% to 100%, and the average variation coefficient is 78.01%. grassland vegetation cover. Under the cover type, the average soil organic carbon content of soil depth from 0 to 100cm is 22.05kg m-2. soil depth from 0 to 20cm, and the soil organic carbon content of each grassland vegetation is 8.76kg m-2, alpine meadow 8.06kg m-2, alpine grassland 7.49kg m-2, desert grassland 4.25kg m-2, soil depth and soil organic carbon content of each grassland vegetation. 30.57kg / m-2, alpine meadow 24.28kg m-2, alpine meadow 22.26kg m-2, 22.26kg m-2 in alpine grassland, and the total carbon reserves of grassland vegetation of 11.11kg m-2. in desert grassland in 2013 are 27.29 x 1010t in alpine meadow, 17.8 x 1010t for alpine grassland, 7.21 x 1010t in shrub grassland and 1.19 x 1010t in desert grassland; the total value is 15.01 x 109 yuan and alpine meadow, alpine meadow, respectively. The grassland is 9.79 x 109 yuan, the shrub grassland is 3.96 x 109 yuan, and the desert grassland is 0.65 x 109 yuan. The soil organic carbon reserves are as follows: the alpine meadow meadow grassland shrub grassland desert grassland. (4) the total carbon storage value of the grassland ecosystem in the upper reaches of the Heihe basin is 370.07 * 108 yuan, and the carbon storage value of the vegetation types of each grassland is 1 89.67 * 108 yuan RMB, the alpine grassland is 118.26 * 108 yuan RMB, the shrub grassland is 48.22 x 108 yuan, and the desert grassland is 13.92 * 108 yuan, which shows the value of carbon storage value of soil carbon reserves.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S812

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