發(fā)布時間：2018-06-08 18:53

  本文選題：鹽漬荒漠草原 + 土壤理化性質(zhì)�。� 參考：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤鹽漬化已成為世界性的資源問題和環(huán)境問題。全世界鹽堿地面積約為9.55×10~8 hm~2,占地球陸地面積的7.26%,我國鹽堿地面積約為9913×10~4 hm~2,主要分布在東北、華北、西北內(nèi)陸地區(qū)以及長江以北沿海地帶。如何合理開發(fā)利用這一具有巨大潛力和經(jīng)濟價值的土壤資源具有重要意義。近年來,對物種演替的研究表明,先鋒物種對土壤條件的改善,更有利于物種的共存,增加生物多樣性。那么植物與土壤之間是否存在相互作用,這些相互作用對群落的進一步發(fā)展是否起到關(guān)鍵性作用。為此,本研究以甘肅省河西走廊鹽漬草原區(qū)主要植物類群(梭梭、白刺、韃靼濱藜、駱駝刺)為研究對象,系統(tǒng)地研究了不同植物群落在不同季節(jié)土壤理化性狀、土壤養(yǎng)分成分以及土壤微生物數(shù)量、土壤酶活性等土壤生物學(xué)性狀,得到的主要結(jié)果如下:(1)梭梭群落土壤剖面鹽分呈現(xiàn)上大下小的“T”型分布,鹽分主要累積在0-60cm土層,且在7月份表層土壤鹽分累積明顯。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)梭梭群落土壤剖面鹽分和Cl~-,pH和HCO_3~-,SO_4~(2-)、K~+和Na~+,Mg~(2+)和Ca~(2+)的季節(jié)性變化規(guī)律基本一致。土壤微生物數(shù)量是:細(xì)菌放線菌真菌。在梭梭群落中,真菌與放線菌之間呈顯著正相關(guān),細(xì)菌和脫氫酶呈極顯著正相關(guān)、真菌和脲酶呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)、放線菌和脲酶之間呈極顯著的負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。真菌與速效銅之間呈顯著正相關(guān),呼吸速率與有機質(zhì)之間呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。(2)白刺群落土壤水分隨土層深度的增加而增加,在0-5cm土層和5-10cm土層土壤水分均隨季節(jié)的變化呈現(xiàn)增加的趨勢。土壤剖面鹽分表聚現(xiàn)象和季節(jié)性變化非常明顯,尤其在7月份,在0-20cm土層鹽分表聚高達(dá)40.7%。土壤呼吸速率隨季節(jié)的變化呈現(xiàn)減小的趨勢。土壤微生物數(shù)量是:細(xì)菌放線菌真菌。在白刺群落中,容重和土壤水分之間呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān);真菌和脲酶之間呈顯著正相關(guān);容重和速效磷呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系;土壤水分與速效磷之間呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系;脲酶與速效銅之間呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系;脫氫酶和速效鉀之間呈極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系;真菌與速效銅之間呈極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,真菌的數(shù)量直接影響速效銅的含量。(3)濱藜群落土壤水分隨土層深度的增加而增加,在0-5cm土層和5-10cm土層土壤水分均隨季節(jié)的變化呈現(xiàn)減小的趨勢。土壤微生物數(shù)量:細(xì)菌放線菌真菌。土壤鹽分和Cl~-,pH和HCO_3~-,SO_4~(2-)、K~+和Na~+,Mg~(2+)和Ca~(2+)的季節(jié)性變化規(guī)律基本一致,且鹽分、Cl~-、HCO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、K~+和Na~+表聚,Mg~(2+)和Ca~(2+)底聚明顯。細(xì)菌與脫氫酶之間呈極顯著正相關(guān),細(xì)菌與脲酶之間呈顯著正相關(guān),脲酶和脫氫酶之間呈顯著正相關(guān),容重與速效氮呈極顯著正相關(guān),容重與速效鐵之間呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),呼吸速率與速效鉀呈顯著正相關(guān)。(4)駱駝刺群落土壤剖面在0-5cm土層和5-10cm土層土壤容重隨著季節(jié)的變化均表現(xiàn)出逐漸減小的規(guī)律。鹽分、Cl~-、HCO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、K~+和Na~+具有明顯表聚,Mg~(2+)和Ca~(2+)底聚明顯。土壤微生物主要是細(xì)菌,其次是放線菌,真菌含量最小。呼吸速率與堿性磷酸酶呈顯著正相關(guān);真菌與脲酶、脫氫酶、有機質(zhì)呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與速效錳、速效銅呈極顯著正相關(guān);脲酶與脫氫酶呈顯著正相關(guān)、與有機質(zhì)呈極顯著正相關(guān);脫氫酶和有機質(zhì)呈極顯著正相關(guān);堿解氮與速效鐵呈顯著正相關(guān),土壤中微量元素有效性受到土壤pH和有機質(zhì)的影響。
[Abstract]:Soil salinization has become a worldwide resource and environmental problem. The area of saline alkali land in the world is about 9.55 x 10~8 hm~2, accounting for 7.26% of the earth's land area. The area of saline alkali land in China is about 9913 x 10~4 hm~2, mainly in Northeast China, North China, northwest inland area and the coastal zone of the north of the Yangtze River. The soil resources of great potential and economic value are of great significance. In recent years, the study of the succession of species shows that the improvement of soil conditions by pioneer species is more beneficial to the coexistence of species and the increase of biodiversity. In this study, the main plant groups in the saline grassland area of Hexi Corridor, Gansu Province, were studied. The soil physical and chemical properties of different plant communities in different seasons, soil nutrient components, soil microbial biomass, soil enzyme activity and other soil biological characters were systematically studied. The main results are as follows: (1) the salt of the soil profile of the Haloxylon ammodendron community has a large and lower "T" type distribution, the salt accumulation is mainly in the 0-60cm soil layer, and the salt accumulation in the surface soil is obvious in July. The salt of the soil profile in the soil profile of the Haloxylon ammodendron community and the seasonal variation rules of Cl~-, pH and HCO_3~-, SO_4~ (2-), K~+ and Na~+, Mg~ (2+) and Ca~) are found. The number of soil microbes is the same. The number of soil microbes is bacterial actinomycetes. In the Haloxylon ammodendron community, there is a significant positive correlation between fungi and actinomycetes. Bacteria and dehydrogenase have significant positive correlation, fungi and urease have significant negative correlation, and there is a significant negative correlation between actinomycetes and urease. There is a significant positive correlation between fungi and available copper, There was a significant negative correlation between the respiration rate and the organic matter. (2) the soil moisture of the white thorn community increased with the increase of soil depth, and the soil moisture in the 0-5cm soil layer and the 5-10cm soil layer showed an increasing trend with the seasonal variation. The soil profile and salt surface accumulation and seasonal changes were very obvious, especially in the July, in the 0-20cm soil layer. Soil respiration rate of up to 40.7%. decreased with seasonal variation. Soil microbial biomass was: bacterial actinomycete fungi. In white thorn communities, there was a significant negative correlation between bulk density and soil moisture; there was a significant positive correlation between fungi and urease; bulk density and available phosphorus showed a negative correlation; soil moisture and available phosphorus showed a negative correlation. There was significant positive correlation between urease and available copper; there was a very significant positive correlation between dehydrogenase and available potassium; there was a very significant positive correlation between fungi and available copper, and the number of fungi directly affected the content of quick acting copper. (3) the soil moisture of the community was increased with the increase of soil depth, and in the 0-5cm soil layer. Soil moisture in the 5-10cm soil layer decreased with the seasonal variation. Soil microbial biomass: bacterial actinomycetes. Soil salinity and Cl~-, pH and HCO_3~-, SO_4~ (2-), K~+ and Na~+, Mg~ (2+) and Ca~ (2+). There was a significant positive correlation between bacteria and dehydrogenase. There was a significant positive correlation between the bacteria and urease. There was a significant positive correlation between urease and dehydrogenase. The bulk density was significantly positively correlated with the available nitrogen. There was a significant negative correlation between the bulk density and the available iron, and the respiration rate was positively correlated with the available potassium. (4) the soil profile of the camel thorn community was in 0-5cm Soil bulk density in soil layer and 5-10cm soil layer decreases gradually with seasonal variation. Salt, Cl~-, HCO_3~-, SO_4~ (2-), K~+ and Na~+ have obvious aggregation, Mg~ (2+) and Ca~ (2+) accumulation is obvious. Soil microbes are mainly bacteria, followed by actinomycetes, and fungi are the smallest. The respiration rate is positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase; true The bacteria have significant negative correlation with urease, dehydrogenase and organic matter, which have significant positive correlation with available manganese and quick acting copper; urease and dehydrogenase have significant positive correlation with organic matter; dehydrogenase and organic matter have significant positive correlation; alkali hydrolysable nitrogen has a significant positive correlation with available iron, and the availability of trace elements in soil is pH and there is The influence of the quality of the machine.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S812.2

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