本文選題：蒸發(fā)降溫 + 肉牛舍��； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：家畜溫度、濕度、太陽輻射以及風(fēng)速等因素構(gòu)成了家畜的溫?zé)岘h(huán)境。溫?zé)岘h(huán)境嚴重制約家畜健康與生產(chǎn)。了解熱應(yīng)激危害,并針對改善畜舍小氣候采取蒸發(fā)降溫技術(shù),可緩解肉牛熱應(yīng)激,對提高家畜生產(chǎn)水平具有十分重要意義。第一部分旨在探討噴霧吹風(fēng)系統(tǒng)在南方畜舍內(nèi)降溫效果。隨機選擇兩個畜舍,分為試驗組和對照組。試驗組安裝風(fēng)機噴霧系統(tǒng),對照組安裝傳統(tǒng)吊扇。試驗進行6天,每天08:00-19:00打開降溫系統(tǒng)。每天10:00、14:00和18:00測量環(huán)境指標(biāo)和生理指標(biāo)。結(jié)果表明:試驗畜舍環(huán)境溫度3個時間段分別低于對照組1.61、1.75和1.32℃,風(fēng)速顯著高于對照組(p0.05),兩個畜舍溫濕指數(shù)沒有顯著差異。對照畜舍一氧化二氮、氨氣和一氧化碳濃度分別高于試驗畜舍3.8%、8.7%和6.7%。在10:00、14:00和18:00,試驗組肉牛呼吸速率分別低于對照組13、21.4和20.5次/min,試驗組肉牛直腸溫度分別低于對照組0.33、0.39和0.28℃,試驗組肉牛皮溫分別低于對照組1.76、2.37和0.68 ℃。綜上所述,噴霧吹風(fēng)系統(tǒng)能夠降低畜舍環(huán)境溫度,顯著降低肉牛呼吸速率、直腸溫度和皮溫,緩解肉牛熱應(yīng)激,有益于提高夏季肉牛健康與生產(chǎn)。第二部分旨在評價上置冷風(fēng)管通風(fēng)模式防暑降溫效果。選擇尺寸相同兩棟牛舍,對照組安裝吊扇,試驗組安裝冷風(fēng)機-風(fēng)管系統(tǒng)。分別選取10頭健康成年西門塔爾肉牛作為試驗家畜。每天10:00、14:00和18:00時間分別測量環(huán)境指標(biāo)和生理指標(biāo),試驗周期7天。結(jié)果表明:冷風(fēng)機-風(fēng)管降溫系統(tǒng)顯著提高畜舍內(nèi)平均風(fēng)速(p0.05),降低畜舍溫度(p0.01);冷風(fēng)機-風(fēng)管系統(tǒng)可以顯著降低肉牛呼吸速率8.8和14.4次/min,降低直腸溫度0.38和0.46 ℃,降低肉牛皮溫1.66和1.83;試驗組相對濕度、C02和NH3分別高于對照舍30.21%、7.0%和14.31%,空氣質(zhì)量符合相關(guān)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求。綜上所述,冷風(fēng)機-風(fēng)管系統(tǒng)可以顯著降低畜舍環(huán)境溫度,緩解肉牛熱應(yīng)激,在南方肉牛舍降溫方面具有極大推廣價值。第三部分旨在研究頭部降溫對肉牛生理作用以及第二日早晨肉牛生理變化。分別機選擇8頭健康西門塔爾肉牛分為兩組,每組各4頭。每一個降溫循環(huán)包括先進行20-s噴淋然后10-min強制吹風(fēng)。試驗組共進行10次循環(huán)。對照組不做任何處理。每兩個循環(huán)為一組,分別測量環(huán)境指標(biāo)、呼吸速率、直腸溫度和皮溫。試驗Ⅰ在每天12:00-15:00進行降溫處理,試驗Ⅱ在每天12:00-15:00和17:00-19:00進行降溫處理。試驗Ⅱ前日晚上進行降溫處理(17:00-19:00),在第二日6:00、7:00、8:00、9:00和10:00分別測量各項生理指標(biāo)。結(jié)果表明:試驗Ⅰ溫濕指數(shù)均高于88,家畜處于熱應(yīng)激狀態(tài)。肉牛呼吸速率快速下降,經(jīng)過10個降溫循環(huán),降低了 23.4次/min,顯著低于對照組。試驗Ⅱ溫濕指數(shù)低于62,表明肉牛處于非熱應(yīng)激狀態(tài)。試驗組呼吸速率快速下降,最大降低21.6次/min。對照組中呼吸逐漸上升,顯著高于試驗組(p0.01)。試驗Ⅰ和Ⅱ中試驗組直腸溫度低于對照組,但是差異不顯著。熱應(yīng)激條件下,頭部局部降溫顯著降低家畜不同部位皮溫1.24-1.85 ℃。非熱應(yīng)激條件下,肉牛皮溫維持相對穩(wěn)定,對照組皮溫快速升高,顯著高于試驗組。前日傍晚頭部降溫,次日早晨肉牛的直腸溫度穩(wěn)定在較低水平,呼吸速率和皮溫升高減慢。綜上所述頭部局部降溫顯著降低肉牛呼吸速率和皮溫,緩解肉牛熱應(yīng)激。同時,傍晚頭部降溫會降低次日肉牛體溫和呼吸速率,緩解高溫影響。
[Abstract]:Livestock temperature, humidity, solar radiation and wind speed and other factors constitute the warm environment of domestic animals. The warm environment seriously restricts the health and production of domestic animals. To understand the hazards of heat stress, and to improve the heat stress of cattle, it is of great significance to improve the production level of domestic animals. The effect of the spray blowing system in the southern barn was investigated. Two barns were randomly selected to be divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group installed the fan spray system and the control group installed the traditional ceiling fan. The experiment was carried out for 6 days, and the cooling system was opened by 08:00-19:00 every day. The environmental indicators and physiological indexes were measured at 10:00,14:00 and 18:00 every day. The results showed that: The 3 time periods of the experimental animal environment temperature were lower than the control group 1.61,1.75 and 1.32 C, the wind speed was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05), and the temperature and humidity index of the two barns had no significant difference. The concentration of ammonia and carbon monoxide was higher than the experimental barn 3.8%, 8.7% and 6.7%. at 10:00,14:00 and 18:00, respectively. The rate of 13,21.4 and 20.5 /min were lower than that of the control group. The rectal temperature in the test group was lower than that of the control group 0.33,0.39 and 0.28, respectively. The skin temperature of the beef cattle was lower than the control group 1.76,2.37 and 0.68 C, respectively. In conclusion, the spray blowing system could reduce the ambient temperature of the livestock, lower the rate of beef respiration, the rectal temperature and the skin temperature, and alleviate the temperature. The heat stress of beef cattle is beneficial to improve the health and production of beef cattle in summer. The second part aims to evaluate the effect of heat stroke in the ventilation mode of the upper cold wind pipe. Select the same two bull houses with the same size, the control group installation ceiling fan, the test group install the cold air fan and the wind pipe system. 10 healthy adult Simmental beef cattle are selected as the experimental livestock, respectively. Every day, 10:00,1 The environmental indicators and physiological indexes were measured at 4:00 and 18:00 respectively. The test period was 7 days. The results showed that the cooling fan air duct cooling system significantly increased the average wind speed (P0.05) in the livestock house and reduced the temperature of the barn (P0.01), and the cold fan air duct system could significantly reduce the rate of respiration of beef cattle by 8.8 and 14.4 times /min, and lower the rectal temperature 0.38 and 0.46 degrees. The skin temperature of meat and cattle was 1.66 and 1.83, and the relative humidity of the test group, C02 and NH3 were 30.21%, 7% and 14.31% respectively, and the air quality met the requirements of the related industry standards. In summary, the cold fan wind pipe system could significantly reduce the temperature of the livestock environment, alleviate the heat stress of beef cattle, and have a great promotion value in the cooling of South beef cattle. Part of the purpose was to study the physiological effects of head cooling on beef cattle and the physiological changes of beef cattle on the morning of second. 8 healthy Simmental beef cattle were divided into two groups, each of which was 4 heads each. Each cooling cycle included 20-s spray first and 10-min forced blow. The experimental group carried out 10 cycles. The control group did not do any treatment. Every two treatment. The cycle was a group of environmental indicators, respiration rate, rectal temperature and skin temperature. Test I was cooled at 12:00-15:00 every day. The test II was cooled at 12:00-15:00 and 17:00-19:00 every day. The test II was cooled on the day before the night (17:00-19:00), and each item was measured at 6:00,7:00,8:00,9:00 and 10:00 on second days, respectively. The results showed that the temperature and humidity index of the test I were all higher than 88, and the animals were in the state of heat stress. The respiration rate of beef cattle decreased rapidly, and after 10 cooling cycles, 23.4 times /min was reduced, which was significantly lower than that of the control group. The temperature and humidity index of the experiment II was lower than 62, indicating that the beef cattle were in the non thermal stress state. The respiration rate of the experimental group decreased rapidly and the maximum decreased by 21.. In the 6 /min. control group, the respiration increased gradually, significantly higher than the test group (P0.01). The rectal temperature in the test group I and the test group was lower than the control group, but the difference was not significant. The local temperature of the head decreased significantly at 1.24-1.85 C under the condition of heat stress. The temperature of the flesh and cattle skin remained relatively stable under non heat stress conditions, and the skin of the control group was relatively stable. The temperature of the head was significantly higher than that in the test group. The temperature of the head was cool in the evening, and the temperature of the rectum of the beef cattle was stable at the lower level, and the respiration rate and the skin temperature slowed down the following morning. The rate of respiration relieves the effect of high temperature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S823

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