本文選題：乳酸菌 + 雛雞�。� 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著我國畜牧業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展以及人們生活水平的不斷提高,微生態(tài)制劑也得到了越來越為廣泛的應(yīng)用。乳酸菌是一類能夠利用碳水化合物生成50%以上乳酸的革蘭氏陽性菌。乳酸菌作為使用最廣泛,效果最理想的益生菌,可以通過占位作用、產(chǎn)生抑菌物質(zhì)等來抑制病原菌生長,還可以刺激機體免疫系統(tǒng),提高機體免疫力,是最早應(yīng)用于微生態(tài)制劑的菌種。目前已被公認為安全的食品級微生物應(yīng)用于畜牧業(yè)和食品加工行業(yè)中。本試驗將乳酸菌制作成細菌懸液,對雛雞1~7日齡時進行噴霧,并在7日齡時免疫ND弱毒苗,研究其對雛雞呼吸系統(tǒng)菌群多樣性、雛雞免疫功能以及對ND弱毒苗保護率的影響作用,明確乳酸菌與雛雞呼吸道菌群多樣性以及免疫機能的相關(guān)性,進而為揭示乳酸菌與雛雞呼吸道菌群及免疫機能的相互關(guān)系以及呼吸道益生菌在養(yǎng)雞業(yè)中的應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)。本試驗選取600只一日齡健康非免疫海蘭褐蛋雞雛,隨機分成四組,A組為對照組,正常飲水,飼喂基礎(chǔ)日糧;B組為乳酸菌組,1~7日齡噴霧乳酸菌活菌,7日齡滴鼻點眼生理鹽水;C組為ND弱毒疫苗組,1~7日齡噴霧生理鹽水,7日齡滴鼻點眼ND弱毒疫苗;D組為乳酸菌+弱毒疫苗組,1~7日齡噴霧乳酸菌,7日齡滴鼻點眼免疫ND弱毒苗。試驗期為42d。不同時間采集樣本,研究乳酸菌對雛雞呼吸道菌群多樣性、雛雞免疫功能及其對ND疫苗免疫保護影響作用。試驗結(jié)果如下:(1)通過PCR-DGGE結(jié)果顯示乳酸菌對雛雞呼吸道菌群多樣性影響不明顯,但是可以抑制呼吸道內(nèi)的大腸桿菌的定殖;對7個差異明顯的目的條帶測序分別為4株假單胞菌屬、1株大腸桿菌、1株Robinsoniella sp和1株不動桿菌。(2)間接ELISA試驗結(jié)果表明,相對于對照組,1~7日齡雛雞進行噴霧乳酸菌后于7日齡滴鼻點眼ND弱毒苗,血清、喉頭洗脫液、氣管洗脫液、肺臟洗脫液的IgA、IgG抗體水平均有不同水平的提高;石蠟切片HE染色結(jié)果表明,D組雛雞假復(fù)層上皮內(nèi)黏液泡狀腺體數(shù)量明顯高于其它組(P0.05),A組假復(fù)層上皮較薄且泡狀腺體數(shù)量較少;A組雛雞肺臟中淋巴組織較少,而相對于A組,B、C組雛雞肺臟中的淋巴組織更為密集,D組雛雞肺臟中的淋巴組織明顯高于其他組,分布十分密集。乳酸菌能夠增加雛雞呼吸道內(nèi)泡狀黏液腺的分泌、增加上皮纖毛的黏附性,噴霧乳酸菌的雛雞肺臟有較多的淋巴細胞識別抗原成分,從而增強了其抗NDV免疫能力。(3)攻毒試驗結(jié)果表明,乳酸菌能夠增強雛雞呼吸系統(tǒng)的免疫功能,促進ND弱毒苗免疫效果,提高攻毒保護率。以上結(jié)果表明,乳酸菌能夠調(diào)節(jié)雛雞呼吸道菌群多樣性,對雛雞呼吸系統(tǒng)免疫功能以及ND疫苗免疫保護率均有促進作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of animal husbandry in China and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, microecological agents have been more and more widely used. Lactic acid bacteria are a group of Gram-positive bacteria that can produce more than 50% lactic acid from carbohydrates. As the most widely used and ideal probiotics, lactic acid bacteria can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria by occupying space, producing bacteriostatic substances, and can stimulate the body's immune system and improve the body's immunity. It is the first strain used in microecological preparation. Food-grade microbes, which have been recognized as safe, are used in animal husbandry and food processing industries. In this experiment, lactic acid bacteria were prepared into bacterial suspensions, then sprayed on chicks at 1 and 7 days old, and ND attenuated vaccine was immunized at 7 days old to study the diversity of respiratory bacteria in chicks. The immune function of chicks and the protective effect on ND attenuated vaccine were studied. The relationship between lactic acid bacteria and respiratory microflora diversity and immune function of chicks was clarified. It provides a theoretical basis for revealing the relationship between lactic acid bacteria and respiratory tract bacteria and immune function of chicks and the application of respiratory probiotics in chicken industry. In this experiment, 600 unimmunized Hailan brown laying hens of one day old were randomly divided into four groups: control group A, normal drinking water. Group B was fed with lactobacillus group 1 and 7 days old live lactobacillus, 7 day old nasal drip eye normal saline and C group was ND attenuated vaccine group 1 and 7 days old spray normal saline and 7 days old eye ND attenuated vaccine D group was lactic acid bacteria. The attenuated vaccine group was immunized with ND attenuated vaccine. The experimental period is 42 days. The effects of lactic acid bacteria on the diversity of respiratory tract flora, immune function of chicks and their protective effects on ND vaccine were studied. The results were as follows: (1) the results of PCR-DGGE showed that lactic acid bacteria had no obvious effect on the diversity of respiratory tract bacteria, but could inhibit the colonization of Escherichia coli in the respiratory tract. The results of indirect ELISA test showed that four strains of Pseudomonas, one strain of Escherichia coli, one strain of Robinsoniella sp, and one strain of Acinetobacter sp. The IgG antibody levels of ND attenuated vaccine, serum, larynx eluate, trachea eluate and lung eluate in 7-day-old chicks treated with spraying lactic acid bacteria were higher than those in the control group. The results of HE staining in paraffin sections showed that the number of mucous vesicular glands in pseudostratified epithelium in group D was significantly higher than that in group A (P 0.05), and the number of alveolar glands in group A was less than that in group A. The number of lymphoid tissue in lung of group A was lower than that of group A. Compared with group A, the lymphoid tissue in the lung of group D was higher than that of other groups, and the distribution of lymphoid tissue in the lung of group D was denser than that of other groups. Lactic acid bacteria could increase the secretion of bubbly mucous glands and the adhesion of epithelial cilia in the respiratory tract of chicks. The results showed that lactic acid bacteria could enhance the immune function of chicken respiratory system, promote the immune effect of ND attenuated vaccine, and improve the protection rate. The results showed that lactic acid bacteria could regulate the diversity of respiratory tract bacteria in chicks and promote the immune function of respiratory system and the protective rate of ND vaccine.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S831;S852.4

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本文編號：1970741