本文選題：家兔 + 金黃色葡萄球菌�。� 參考：《四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國養(yǎng)兔業(yè)迅猛發(fā)展,養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模不斷擴大,伴隨而來的是各類疾病的頻頻爆發(fā),尤其是細菌性疾病。在給養(yǎng)殖業(yè)者造成了巨大經(jīng)濟損失的同時,由于養(yǎng)殖者對各類抗菌藥物的非合理使用,給病原菌耐藥性逐步加劇提供了可能,因此增大了兔病預防及治療的難度。近年來,金黃色葡萄球菌引發(fā)的乳癰、潰瘍性腳皮炎、仔兔急性腸炎、局部膿腫等不斷增多。該菌已成為對家兔危害極大的病原菌之一。在這些疾病的防治過程中,利用各種抗菌藥仍然是對付金黃色葡萄球菌的主要手段,但大量不規(guī)范的使用抗菌藥物,使得金黃色葡萄球菌的抗藥性逐步加劇。從而,為更好的研究金黃色葡萄球菌的耐藥機制和引導臨床用藥,對該菌的耐藥性以及耐藥基因的檢測具備重要意義。2013年到2014年,分離、鑒定具有致病性的金黃色葡萄球菌41株,含耐甲氧西林金黃色葡萄球菌31株,這些菌均來自于四川地區(qū)患病家兔。選用17種抗菌藥,采用紙片擴散法對41株菌采取了藥物敏感性檢測。結(jié)果展示其對四種p-內(nèi)酰胺類的耐藥率在68.29%-75.61%之間；對三種氨基糖苷類的耐藥率為63.41%～85.37%之間；對三種四環(huán)素類的耐藥率為58.54%～65.85%之間；對四種大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類的耐藥率為34.15%～36.59%之間；對萬古霉素的耐藥率為19.51%；對環(huán)丙氟哌酸的耐藥率為29.27%；對復方新諾明耐藥率表現(xiàn)為31.37%；出現(xiàn)了3耐、4耐、6耐、7耐、8耐、9耐、10耐、11耐、12耐、13耐和14耐共11種耐藥類型。其中,7耐、9耐和11耐類型分布最廣,各為12.20%、17.07%和21.95%。通過聚合酶鏈式反應進一步擴增了p-內(nèi)酰胺類mecA.耐藥基因,四環(huán)素類tetMⅢ耐藥基因,氨基糖苷類耐藥基因aac(6')/aph(2")、aph(3')-Ⅲ和ant(4',4"),以及大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類erm耐藥基因。結(jié)果顯示,在41株金黃色葡萄球菌菌中檢測到mecA、 aac(6')/aph(2")、aph(3')-Ⅲ,ant(4',4")、erm和tetM基因,檢出率分別為75.61%(31/41)、92.68%(38/41)、53.66%(22/41)、80.49%(33/41)、46.34%(19/41)和70.73%(29/41)。綜上所述,本次分離于四川地區(qū)的兔源金黃色葡萄球菌不僅對17種抗菌藥的抗藥性很嚴重,同時存在多重耐藥情形；PCR擴增耐藥基因的結(jié)果與耐藥表型具有一定的相關(guān)性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of rabbit breeding industry in China, the scale of breeding is expanding, accompanied by frequent outbreaks of various diseases, especially bacterial diseases. At the same time, the irrational use of antibiotics by the breeders has made it possible for the pathogens to become more resistant to antibiotics, thus increasing the difficulty of prevention and treatment of rabbit disease. In recent years, staphylococcus aureus causes breast carbuncle, ulcerative foot dermatitis, baby rabbit acute enteritis, local abscess and so on. It has become one of the most harmful pathogens to rabbits. In the course of prevention and treatment of these diseases, the use of various antimicrobial agents is still the main means to deal with Staphylococcus aureus, but a large number of non-standard use of antimicrobial agents make the drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus increased gradually. Therefore, in order to better study the mechanism of drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and guide clinical drug use, the detection of drug resistance and resistance genes of Staphylococcus aureus is of great significance. 41 strains of Staphylococcus aureus with pathogenicity were identified, including 31 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Using 17 kinds of antimicrobial agents, 41 strains of bacteria were tested for drug sensitivity by disk diffusion method. The results showed that the resistance rate of four kinds of plactam was 68.29- 75.61%, the resistance rate of three aminoglycosides was 63.41%, the resistance rate of three tetracyclines was between 58.54% and 65.85%, the resistance rate to four macrolides was between 34.15% and 36.59%, the resistance rate to three kinds of tetracycline was 58.54%, the resistance rate to four macrolides was 36.59%, the resistance rate to three kinds of aminoglycosides was 65.37%, the resistance rate to three kinds of tetracyclines was between 58.54% and 65.85%. The resistance rate to vancomycin was 19.51%, to ciprofloxacin was 29.27%, to compound sulfamethoxifen was 31.3737%, and there were three types of resistance to vancomycin, three tolerance to vancomycin, three resistance to vancomycin, one to ciprofloxacin, and one to 31.37. There were three kinds of resistance to vancomycin. The most widely distributed types of resistance were 12.20%, 17.07% and 21.95%, respectively. Plactam mecA was further amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Drug-resistant genes, tetracycline type tetM 鈪，

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