發(fā)布時間：2018-05-30 00:34

  本文選題：北京鴨 + 能量攝入量��； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：北京鴨產(chǎn)蛋性能一直是蛋鴨及種鴨產(chǎn)業(yè)所關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)問題,動物的機(jī)體的能量動態(tài)平衡能夠顯著影響繁殖性能,但能量對動物繁殖性狀的影響機(jī)理尚不明確,對于其他動物的研究表明,除了直接為生殖系統(tǒng)供能以外,能量攝入量變化所導(dǎo)致的脂質(zhì)代謝平衡改變會引起機(jī)體內(nèi)分泌的變化,進(jìn)而引起生殖機(jī)能的改變。目前關(guān)于北京鴨相關(guān)方面研究較少,本實(shí)驗(yàn)以北京鴨為研究對象,測定不同能量攝入量個體脂肪代謝及性發(fā)育和繁殖性能,分析能量攝入量對育成期北京鴨卵巢發(fā)育及繁殖性能的影響,試驗(yàn)選取8周齡、平均體重為2931±291 g的雌性北京鴨240只進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),隨機(jī)分為5個組,每組48只,單籠飼養(yǎng)。試驗(yàn)日糧的5個能量水平依次為3000 kcal/kg、2850 kcal/kg、2700 kcal/kg、2550 kcal/kg和2400 kcal/kg。通過控制鴨采食量,使不同日糧能量組試驗(yàn)鴨的平均日能量攝入水平分別控制在1.63 MJ/d、1.73MJ/d、1.84 MJ/d、1.94 MJ/d和2.05 MJ/d。每間隔4周(分別為12、16、20和24周齡)從每個重復(fù)中隨機(jī)選取1只試驗(yàn)鴨進(jìn)行屠宰試驗(yàn),分別觀測其卵巢組織形態(tài)、血液生化指標(biāo)及雌激素(E2)的含量、卵巢中相關(guān)激素受體的m RNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平。觀察各組北京鴨的生產(chǎn)情況;記錄25-35周齡產(chǎn)蛋情況;血漿中雌二醇(E2)、促卵泡素(FSH)和促黃體素(LH)含量的變化;血液脂肪代謝相關(guān)生化指標(biāo);卵巢、肝臟和子宮腺組織學(xué)上的變化;卵巢m RNA轉(zhuǎn)錄表達(dá)水平。并通過結(jié)果計(jì)算出育成期北京鴨能量需要量。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:經(jīng)16周的飼養(yǎng)試驗(yàn),高能量攝入量組的體重顯著高于低能量組(p0.05),同時,顯著降低料肉比(p0.05);皮脂率、腹脂率均隨著能量攝入量的增加而顯著升高(p0.05);較高能量組的卵巢指數(shù)顯著高于其它組且卵泡發(fā)育較成熟,其中2700 kcal/kg組卵巢發(fā)育程度最高;2700 kcal/kg組的產(chǎn)蛋率最高,試驗(yàn)?zāi)┢谶_(dá)到100%。根據(jù)生產(chǎn)性能差異,為了進(jìn)一步探究能量對生殖軸的影響,試驗(yàn)用放射免疫法測定試驗(yàn)鴨血漿中E2、FSH和LH含量并觀察卵巢及輸卵管組織變化,結(jié)果表明:經(jīng)過不同能量梯度飼糧差異飼養(yǎng)后,高能量攝入量組試驗(yàn)鴨血漿FSH濃度顯著高于低能量攝入量組(p0.05),且在16周齡時達(dá)到峰值;高能量攝入量組試驗(yàn)鴨血漿E2濃度顯著高于低能量攝入量組(p0.05),且在20周齡時達(dá)到峰值;試驗(yàn)鴨血漿中LH濃度在20周齡時達(dá)到峰值,較高的能量攝入量會提高LH濃度,其中2700 kcal/kg組濃度顯著高于其他能量組(p0.05);卵巢組織結(jié)構(gòu)在12周齡后開始出現(xiàn)比較顯著的差異,高能量攝入量提高成熟卵泡數(shù)量和成熟卵泡尺寸,而同一時期各能量組輸卵管組織結(jié)構(gòu)差異不明顯。在已知宏觀脂肪沉積存在差異的基礎(chǔ)上測定脂肪代謝相關(guān)血液生化指標(biāo)并觀察肝臟組織變化,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)血漿總蛋白、甘油三酯及低密度脂蛋白含量三個指標(biāo)隨著能量攝入量的改變出現(xiàn)顯著或極顯著差異,其余所測定指標(biāo)均未出現(xiàn)顯著差異(p0.05)。其中,血漿總蛋白含量隨能量升高而下降,除了在20周齡時出現(xiàn)極顯著差異(p0.001)外,其余各時期均為顯著差異(p0.05);血漿甘油三酯含量度隨著能量升高而上升,除了16周齡時為顯著差異外(p0.05),其余時期均為極顯著差異(p0.001);血液低密度脂蛋白濃度隨著能量升高而上升,血液低密度脂蛋白含量在所有檢測時間點(diǎn)均出現(xiàn)顯著差異(p0.05);高能量攝入量試驗(yàn)組北京鴨肝臟組織在20周齡時出現(xiàn)大量脂肪空泡,24周齡時出現(xiàn)大面積細(xì)胞壞死。為了探究能量攝入量影響繁殖性能及脂肪代謝的分子機(jī)理,試驗(yàn)對3000 kcal/kg和2400kcal/kg組卵巢組織進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)錄組學(xué)差異表達(dá)分析,共得到458個差異表達(dá)的基因,其中316個上調(diào)基因,142個下調(diào)基因。在所有差異基因中共有221個極顯著(p0.01)差異表達(dá)基因和237個顯著(0.01p0.05)差異基因,經(jīng)RT-PCR驗(yàn)證后與轉(zhuǎn)錄組結(jié)果相符。通過折線模型對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析得到針對料肉比、腹脂率、血漿總蛋白含量、卵巢指數(shù)及蛋重的需要量分別為2979 kcal/kg、2823 kcal/kg、2760 kcal/kg、2700 kcal/kg和2700 kcal/kg。(能量需要量計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)均以試驗(yàn)?zāi)┢跀?shù)據(jù)為準(zhǔn))以上試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,能量通過影響脂肪代謝及相關(guān)基因表達(dá)來間接調(diào)控卵巢組織的發(fā)育水平。針對繁殖性狀的最佳能量需要量為2700 kcal/kg。
[Abstract]:The egg laying performance of Beijing ducks has always been the focus of egg ducks and duck industries. The dynamic balance of energy in the animal body can significantly affect the reproductive performance. However, the mechanism of the influence of energy on the reproductive traits of animals is not clear. The changes in the balance of lipid metabolism will cause the changes in the body's endocrine and cause the change of the reproductive function. At present, there are few studies on the related aspects of Beijing duck. This experiment took Beijing duck as the research object, and measured the fat metabolism and sexual development and propagation properties of the individuals of different energy intake, and analyzed the energy intake to Beijing ducks during the breeding period. The effects of ovarian development and reproductive performance were tested at 8 weeks old and 240 female Beijing ducks with an average weight of 2931 + 291 G. They were randomly divided into 5 groups, 48 in each group, and fed by single cage. The 5 energy levels of the experimental diet were 3000 kcal/kg, 2850 kcal/kg, 2700 kcal/ kg, 2550 kcal/kg and 2400 kcal/kg. by controlling the feed intake, The average daily energy intake of ducks in different diets was controlled at 1.63 MJ/d, 1.73MJ/d, 1.84 MJ/d, 1.94 MJ/d and 2.05 MJ/d. for 4 weeks (12,16,20 and 24 weeks of age), 1 ducks were randomly selected from each repeat to perform slaughter tests, and the ovarian tissue morphology, blood biochemical indexes and estrogen were measured respectively. E2) content, the m RNA transcriptional level of the corticosteroid receptor in the ovary. Observe the production of Beijing ducks in each group; record the egg production at 25-35 weeks of age; the changes in plasma estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH); blood lipid metabolism related biochemical indexes; ovarian, liver and uterine gland histological changes; ovarian m RNA. The test results showed that the weight of high energy intake group was significantly higher than that of low energy group (P0.05), and the ratio of meat and meat (P0.05), sebum rate and abdominal fat rate increased significantly (P0.05) with the increase of energy intake (P0.05) after 16 weeks of feeding test. The ovarian index of the energy group was significantly higher than that of the other groups and the follicle developed more mature, and the 2700 kcal/kg group had the highest ovarian development degree; the egg production rate of the 2700 kcal/kg group was the highest, and the end of the test reached 100%. according to the difference of production performance. In order to further explore the effect of energy on the reproductive axis, the test of E2, F in the test duck plasma was tested by radioimmunoassay. The content of SH and LH and the changes of ovarian and fallopian tube tissue were observed. The results showed that the FSH concentration in the high energy intake group was significantly higher than that of the low energy intake group (P0.05) after the different energy gradient feeding differences, and the peak value was reached at the age of 16 weeks. The E2 concentration in the high energy intake group was significantly higher than that of the low energy intake. The volume group (P0.05) reached the peak at the age of 20 weeks; the concentration of LH in the test duck plasma reached its peak at the age of 20 weeks, and the higher energy intake would increase the LH concentration, and the concentration of 2700 kcal/kg group was significantly higher than that of the other energy groups (P0.05); the ovarian tissue structure began to appear more significant after 12 weeks of age, and the high energy intake increased maturity. The number of follicles and the size of mature follicles, but the differences in the tissue structure of the oviduct in the energy groups at the same time were not obvious. On the basis of the known difference in the presence of macro fat deposition, the blood biochemical indexes related to fat metabolism were measured and the changes of liver tissue were observed. The results showed that the total plasma protein, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein were three indexes. There was no significant difference with the change of energy intake, and there was no significant difference between the remaining indexes (P0.05). The total plasma protein content decreased with the increase of energy. Except for the extremely significant difference (p0.001) at the age of 20 weeks (P0.05), the content of triglyceride in plasma was associated with the ability to increase the content of plasma triglycerides. The amount of blood low density lipoprotein (LDL) increased with the increase of energy, and the blood low density lipoprotein content was significantly different at all time points (P0.05), and the liver tissue of Beijing duck in high energy intake test group was 20 (P0.05), and the liver tissue of Beijing duck in high energy intake test group was 20. A large number of fat vacuoles appeared at the age of 24 weeks and large area cell necrosis occurred at the age of 24 weeks. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of the influence of energy intake on reproductive performance and fat metabolism, a total of 458 differentially expressed genes were obtained in the 3000 kcal/kg and 2400kcal/kg groups, including 316 genes, 1 of which were up to 1. There were 42 down regulated genes. There were 221 very significant (P0.01) differentially expressed genes and 237 significant (0.01p0.05) differentially expressed genes in all the different genes, which were consistent with the results of the transcriptional group. The data were analyzed by the folding model. The ratio of meat to meat, the rate of abdominal fat, the total protein content of plasma, the index of ovarian index and the weight of egg were obtained. The experimental results of 2979 kcal/kg, 2823 kcal/kg, 2760 kcal/kg, 2700 kcal/kg and 2700 kcal/kg. (energy requirements calculated by the end of test data) showed that energy was indirectly regulated by the influence of lipid metabolism and related gene expression. The optimal energy requirement for reproductive traits was 270. 0 kcal/kg.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S834.81

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