本文選題：豬 + 背膘厚�。� 參考：《江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：背膘厚反映脂肪沉積能力,也是生產(chǎn)中用來度量瘦肉率的指標,因此對背膘厚的遺傳解析具有重要經(jīng)濟價值。背膘厚受品種的影響非常大,在中西方豬種之間存在顯著差異:大白、長白、杜洛克等西方瘦肉型豬種背膘薄;而萊蕪、二花臉等脂肪型豬種背膘厚。隨著分子生物技術的發(fā)展以及豬60K SNP芯片的出現(xiàn),國內(nèi)外許多學者對豬的背膘厚進行了遺傳解析,定位了許多的QTL,鑒別到一些與背膘厚關聯(lián)的SNP以及少量候選基因。這些研究主要集中在資源群體和商業(yè)群體中,對我國特有的地方豬種的研究相對較少。本研究測量了316頭萊蕪豬和334頭二花臉豬的肩部、胸部(第6至第7肋之間)、腰部和臀部的屠體背膘厚。在這兩個群體中,四個部位的背膘厚均超過25毫米,其中肩部背膘最厚,腰部背膘最薄。這兩個品種的背膘厚存在差異,萊蕪豬各部位背膘均厚于二花臉豬相應部位的背膘。在這兩品種中,性別對背膘厚的影響也不一樣。性別對萊蕪豬的背膘厚沒有影響;而在二花臉群體中閹公豬的背膘顯著厚于母豬的背膘。另外,還計算了背膘厚、板油重、花油重和腹脂重8個脂肪沉積性狀之間的表型相關。結(jié)果顯示這些性狀之間均呈顯著正相關,其中平均背膘與6-7肋膘厚的相關性最強,相關系數(shù)達0.9以上。接下來利用豬60K SNP芯片對這650個個體進行SNP分型,并進行單群體的全基因組關聯(lián)分析(GWAS)以及薈萃分析(GWAS-meta)。在二花臉豬的4號和7號染色體上均檢測到與背膘厚達到基因組或染色體水平(建議水平)顯著關聯(lián)的SNP。在萊蕪豬的11號染色體上鑒別到1個與肩部膘厚關聯(lián)達染色體水平的SNP;在12號染色體上檢測到2個與胸部膘厚關聯(lián)達染色體水平的SNP。GWAS meta分析結(jié)果顯示,在4號、7號、12號和X號染色體上均檢測到與背膘厚顯著關聯(lián)的SNP。Meta分析的檢驗效率比單群體的檢驗效率高。除11號染色體上的信號在Meta分析中消失外,其他的染色體上的關聯(lián)在Meta分析中均可檢測到,且在X染色體上鑒別到了一個與背膘厚顯著關聯(lián)的SNP。本研究在4號、7號11號、12號和X號染色體上發(fā)現(xiàn)的關聯(lián)信號鑒證了前人的報道。為背膘厚的遺傳解析及萊蕪豬和二花臉豬背膘厚的選育提高奠定了基礎。
[Abstract]:Backfat thickness is an indicator of fat deposition, and it is also an indicator of lean meat rate in production. Therefore, the genetic analysis of backfat thickness is of great economic value. Backfat thickness is greatly influenced by varieties, and there are significant differences between Chinese and Western pig species: large white, long white, Duroc and other lean meat pig breeds in the west, while Laiwu, two face, etc. Fat type pigs have thick back fat. With the development of molecular biotechnology and the emergence of 60K SNP chips, many domestic and foreign scholars have inherited the genetic analysis of backfat thickness of pigs, located a lot of QTL, and identified some SNP associated with backfat thickness and a small number of candidate genes. These studies are mainly concentrated in resource and commercial groups. The study of local pig species is relatively small in our country. This study measured the shoulders of 316 Laiwu pigs and 334 two face pigs, the chest (sixth to seventh ribs), the thick back fat of the waist and buttocks. In these two groups, the back fat of four parts was more than 25 mm. The back fat of the middle shoulder was the thickest and the back fat of the waist was the thinnest. These two varieties were two varieties. The back fat of all parts of the Laiwu pig was thicker than the back fat in the corresponding part of the two Hualian pig. In these two varieties, the effect of sex on backfat thickness was different. The sex had no effect on the backfat thickness of the Laiwu pig, but the back fat of the castrate was thicker than the back fat of the sow in the two flower face population. The results showed that the correlation between the average back fat and the 6-7 ribs thickness was the strongest, and the correlation coefficient was over 0.9. Then the 650 individuals were typed by the pig 60K SNP chip, and the whole genome of the single population was carried out. Combined analysis (GWAS) and meta-analysis (GWAS-meta). On chromosome 4 and chromosome 7 of the two Hualian pigs, a significant association with the back fat thickness to the genome or chromosome level (suggested level) was detected on chromosome 11 of the Laiwu pig on chromosome 11 of Laiwu pig to identify 1 SNP associated with the shoulder fat thickness associated with the chromosome level; and 2 on chromosome 12. The SNP.GWAS meta analysis, which was associated with the chromosome level of the chest fat thickness, showed that the efficiency of the SNP.Meta analysis that was significantly associated with the back fat thickness on chromosome 4, No. 7, 12 and X was higher than that of the single population. The correlation on other chromosomes except for the signal on chromosome 11 disappeared in Meta analysis. It was detected in the Meta analysis, and on the X chromosome, a SNP. related to the back fat thickness was identified. The related signals found on chromosome 4, No. 7, No. 11, No. 12 and X were identified by previous reports. The genetic analysis for back fat thickness and the breeding and raising of the back fat thickness of Laiwu pigs and two Hualian pigs lay the foundation.
【學位授予單位】：江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S828

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