本文選題：生物質(zhì)炭 + 小鼠　； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國是農(nóng)業(yè)大國,隨著現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展,農(nóng)作物秸稈等廢棄物資源的總量隨著農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量的增加而增加。燃燒秸稈不僅造成環(huán)境污染,而且造成資源浪費。因此怎樣妥善處理農(nóng)作物秸稈等生物質(zhì)資源使其達到最大資源化利用成為了我國甚至是世界的難題。生物質(zhì)炭是由農(nóng)作物秸稈等材料在低溫限氧條件下生成的。生物質(zhì)炭的特性使得其在農(nóng)業(yè)、環(huán)境和動物生產(chǎn)等領(lǐng)域的作用與地位日益凸顯。在農(nóng)業(yè)上有改良土壤,增肥增產(chǎn),提高肥料利用率和鈍化土壤重金屬等作用;在環(huán)境領(lǐng)域,吸附水溶液中的重金屬,及可作為新型吸附劑等;在動物生產(chǎn)方面,可促進機體健康、吸附有毒物質(zhì),增加動物生產(chǎn)性能等。生物質(zhì)炭在動物生產(chǎn)上的應(yīng)用日益廣泛,但少有生物質(zhì)炭安全性的研究。所以本研究擬以KM種小鼠作為動物模型進行安全性毒理試驗,通過對小鼠的精神狀態(tài)、生長情況、血常規(guī)、血液生化指標(biāo)和各臟器病理學(xué)等指標(biāo)進行系統(tǒng)綜合的研究,來探討生物質(zhì)炭的安全性。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)飼料中添加玉米秸稈生物質(zhì)炭對小鼠體重、增重率、采食量和飼料利用率沒有顯著影響。飼料中添加玉米秸稈生物質(zhì)炭能減少重金屬元素在肝臟中的積累,添加2.5%的玉米秸稈炭顯著降低了小鼠肝臟中鉛濃度的52.65%,添加5%的玉米秸稈炭顯著降低了小鼠肝臟中鉛濃度的56.71%。同時也會造成Ca、Cu及Fe元素的流失。(2)飼料中添加玉米秸稈生物質(zhì)炭對小鼠血常規(guī)指標(biāo)、臟器外觀和臟器系數(shù)均無顯著影響。飼料中添加玉米秸稈生物質(zhì)炭顯著降低了小鼠血脂水平,對腎臟及免疫系統(tǒng)等均無傷害,對小鼠肝臟造成輕微水樣變性。因此,通過小鼠的安全性試驗表明,用添加玉米秸稈生物質(zhì)炭的飼料連續(xù)喂養(yǎng)42天,對小鼠的生長、血液生理生化指標(biāo)、組織結(jié)構(gòu)等無明顯影響,未表現(xiàn)毒性反應(yīng)。而且,飼料中添加玉米秸稈生物質(zhì)炭顯著降低了重金屬元素在肝臟中的積累以及血液中膽固醇的濃度。
[Abstract]:China is a big agricultural country. With the development of modern productivity, the total amount of crop straw and other waste resources increases with the increase of crop yield. Burning straw not only causes environmental pollution, but also waste resources. Therefore, how to properly deal with crop straw and other biomass resources to achieve maximum utilization has become a difficult problem in China and even the world. Biomass carbon is produced by crop straw and other materials under the condition of low temperature and oxygen limit. Because of its characteristics, biomass carbon plays an increasingly important role in agriculture, environment and animal production. In agriculture, it can improve soil, increase fertilizer production, increase fertilizer utilization efficiency and passivation soil heavy metals; in the field of environment, adsorption of heavy metals in aqueous solution, and can be used as a new adsorbent, etc., in animal production, Can promote the body health, adsorption of toxic substances, increase animal production performance and so on. Biomass carbon is widely used in animal production, but there is little research on the safety of biomass carbon. In this study, km mice were used as animal models to conduct safety toxicological tests, and the mental state, growth, blood routine, blood biochemical indexes and pathology of various organs were systematically and synthetically studied. To explore the safety of biomass carbon. The main results were as follows: (1) there was no significant effect on body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed utilization efficiency of mice fed with corn straw biomass carbon. The accumulation of heavy metals in the liver was reduced by adding corn straw biomass carbon to the feed. The concentration of lead in the liver of mice was significantly decreased by adding 2.5% corn straw charcoal, and 56.71% of the lead concentration in the liver of mice was significantly decreased by adding 5% corn straw charcoal. At the same time, there was no significant effect on the blood routine index, visceral appearance and visceral coefficient of mice by adding corn straw biomass carbon to the diet. The addition of biomass carbon from corn straw significantly decreased the level of blood lipid in mice, and did not damage the kidney and immune system, and caused slight water degeneration in the liver of mice. Therefore, the safety test of mice showed that the feeding diet supplemented with corn straw biomass carbon for 42 days had no obvious effect on the growth, blood physiological and biochemical indexes, tissue structure, and showed no toxic reaction. In addition, the accumulation of heavy metals in liver and the concentration of cholesterol in blood were significantly decreased by adding corn straw biomass carbon to feed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S816

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