本文選題：北方草原 + 生態(tài)安全　； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版)》2017年04期

【摘要】：今年是內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)建校60周年,回顧60年前跟隨恩師李繼侗先生來(lái)到內(nèi)蒙古呼倫貝爾草原從事草原生態(tài)學(xué)工作,有幸同草原上的農(nóng)牧民親歷了最華美的草原風(fēng)光,領(lǐng)悟到草原的資源價(jià)值和環(huán)境功能是不可取代的.我國(guó)北方草原是人民生存和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的基本生產(chǎn)資料,是北方各民族發(fā)展的文化搖籃,是生態(tài)安全的根本保障,是北國(guó)疆土的生態(tài)瑰寶.國(guó)務(wù)院發(fā)布的文件中明確規(guī)定了草原地區(qū)在今后發(fā)展中的"戰(zhàn)略定位"首先是"我國(guó)北方重要生態(tài)安全屏障",要求全面實(shí)施生態(tài)保護(hù)與建設(shè)規(guī)劃,建成人與自然和諧發(fā)展的國(guó)家生態(tài)安全地帶.二是"國(guó)家重要能源基地和綠色農(nóng)畜產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)加工基地,也是新型化工基地和有色金屬工業(yè)基地".北方草原地帶的景觀生態(tài)多樣性與資源稟賦,使草原生態(tài)-產(chǎn)業(yè)-文化復(fù)合系統(tǒng)可以發(fā)揮環(huán)境-資源-經(jīng)濟(jì)-文化-社會(huì)的耦合效應(yīng)及多項(xiàng)功能.但是,長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)對(duì)草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的整體功能缺乏完整的理解,特別是草原的巨大環(huán)境效益和潛在的能量與物質(zhì)資源常常被人們所忽略.草原在"一帶一路"中的沿邊地理區(qū)位、草原生物多樣性、光能風(fēng)能資源和人文社會(huì)資源都是在草原構(gòu)建新型產(chǎn)業(yè)基地的巨大優(yōu)勢(shì).因此,一定要總結(jié)歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn),發(fā)揚(yáng)草原文化的精髓,走向草原發(fā)展的科學(xué)創(chuàng)新之路.要因地制宜地治理草原退化,實(shí)行休牧與輪牧,實(shí)現(xiàn)草原的更新復(fù)壯.也要進(jìn)行草原水資源的科學(xué)配置,開發(fā)適宜的土地,建設(shè)節(jié)水的人工草地與飼料地.還要強(qiáng)化草原法制管理,建立草原保育及生態(tài)補(bǔ)助的激勵(lì)機(jī)制.總之,要發(fā)揮系統(tǒng)耦合效應(yīng),構(gòu)建草原新型綠色產(chǎn)業(yè)體系.我們認(rèn)為,完善對(duì)草原生態(tài)建設(shè)投資的優(yōu)化管理體制,切實(shí)依靠科學(xué)技術(shù),嚴(yán)格遵循自然與經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律,草原地區(qū)實(shí)行"調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu),轉(zhuǎn)變方式,休牧輪牧,建設(shè)草地,夏牧冬飼,異地育肥,增加投入,集約經(jīng)營(yíng),改善管理,確保安全,系統(tǒng)開放,持續(xù)發(fā)展"的模式,在發(fā)展農(nóng)牧產(chǎn)業(yè)和建立新型產(chǎn)業(yè)體系的同時(shí),保護(hù)好草原生態(tài)安全的目標(biāo)是指日可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的.
[Abstract]:This year marks the 60th anniversary of the founding of Inner Mongolia University. Looking back 60 years ago, I went to Hulunbeir prairie in Inner Mongolia to work in grassland ecology with Mr. Li Jidong, a teacher. I was fortunate to have personally experienced the most beautiful grassland scenery with the farmers and herdsmen on the grasslands. Understand that the grassland resource value and environmental function is irreplaceable. The grassland in northern China is the basic means of production for people's survival and economic and social development, the cultural cradle for the development of all nationalities in the north, the fundamental guarantee for ecological security, and the ecological treasure for the territory of the North. The document issued by the State Council clearly stipulates that the "strategic orientation" of the future development of the grasslands is first and foremost "the important ecological security barrier in the north of China," which requires the overall implementation of the ecological protection and construction plan. Build a harmonious development of man and nature of the national ecological security zone. Second, "National important energy base and green agricultural and livestock products production and processing base, but also a new chemical base and non-ferrous metal industry base." The landscape ecological diversity and resource endowment of the northern grassland region enable the grassland eco-industrial and cultural complex system to play a coupling effect of environment-resources-economy-culture-society and many functions. However, for a long time, there is a lack of a complete understanding of the whole function of grassland ecosystem, especially the enormous environmental benefits and potential energy and material resources of grassland are often ignored by people. The geographical location of grassland in "Belt and Road", the biodiversity of grassland, the resources of light and wind energy and human society are the great advantages of constructing new industrial base in grassland. Therefore, we must sum up the historical experience, carry forward the essence of grassland culture, and move towards the road of scientific innovation for the development of grassland. To control grassland degradation according to local conditions, practice grazing and rotation, to achieve the renewal of grassland rejuvenation. Scientific allocation of grassland water resources, development of suitable land and construction of water saving artificial grassland and fodder land should also be carried out. Also strengthen grassland legal management, establish grassland conservation and ecological subsidies incentive mechanism. In a word, the system coupling effect should be brought into play and a new green industrial system of grassland should be constructed. We believe that improving the optimal management system for investment in grassland ecological construction, earnestly relying on science and technology, strictly following the laws of nature and economy, and carrying out the "structural adjustment, transformation, grazing, grassland construction, summer and winter forage" in grassland areas, The pattern of fattening in different places, increasing investment, intensive management, improving management, ensuring safety, system opening and sustainable development ", while developing agriculture and animal husbandry industry and establishing a new industrial system, The goal of protecting grassland ecological security is that it can be achieved by day.
【作者單位】： 內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)生態(tài)與環(huán)境學(xué)院;
【分類號(hào)】：S812

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本文編號(hào)：1922053