本文選題：奶牛低血鈣癥 + 繁殖性能��； 參考：《黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著畜牧業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,畜牧業(yè)造成的糧食能源消耗、以及畜牧業(yè)產(chǎn)生的糞便對土壤、水源和空氣的污染也成為了畜牧業(yè)節(jié)能減排綠色發(fā)展主要障礙。然而發(fā)展資源節(jié)約型和環(huán)境友好型的畜牧業(yè)首先應提倡“健康先行”。近年來,隨著我國奶牛業(yè)的發(fā)展,高產(chǎn)品種的培育和引進,奶牛圍產(chǎn)期疾病日趨突出。低血鈣癥是奶牛圍產(chǎn)期常見的營養(yǎng)代謝病之一,其導致的奶牛泌乳量低下、飼料能源的利用率低下,都給畜牧業(yè)造成巨大的經(jīng)濟損失。然而低血鈣癥對奶牛生產(chǎn)性能、飼料能源損耗和糞污排放的影響尚不明確。因此,本試驗于黑龍江某集約化牛場開展了低血鈣癥奶牛生產(chǎn)性能、飼料能源損耗、糞污排放特征的研究,為奶牛業(yè)綠色發(fā)展提供基礎數(shù)據(jù)。試驗一、集約化牛場奶牛低血鈣癥生產(chǎn)性能的研究。在黑龍江某集約化奶牛養(yǎng)殖場選取產(chǎn)后30天內(nèi)的奶牛,依據(jù)血鈣指標確定低血鈣組20頭和健康組25頭作為試驗動物,通過記錄奶�；拘畔⒉⒏櫽涗浉髋R床資料,對奶牛低血鈣癥與生產(chǎn)性能的關系進行研究,結(jié)果顯示:患低血鈣癥的奶牛繁殖性能整體降低,表現(xiàn)為首次發(fā)情天數(shù)、初配天數(shù)、配種天數(shù)和產(chǎn)犢間隔延長,以上指標差異均極顯著高于健康組(p0.01);低血鈣組奶牛輸精次數(shù)顯著高于健康組(p0.05);低血鈣組奶牛的泌乳天數(shù)極顯著高于健康組(p0.01);但平均每天產(chǎn)奶量極顯著低于健康組(p0.01);患低血鈣癥的奶牛泌乳性能下降;患低血鈣癥的奶牛更容易患肢蹄病、胃腸疾病、乳房炎、子宮炎、子宮感染,其中與低血鈣癥乳房炎呈極顯著正相關(p0.01),與子宮感染呈顯著正相關(p0.05)。試驗二、亞臨床低血鈣奶癥牛血、乳、糞、尿、指標特征的研究。在黑龍江某集約化奶牛養(yǎng)殖場選取產(chǎn)后7-14天的奶牛12頭,根據(jù)血鈣濃度分為亞臨床低血鈣組和健康組奶牛各6頭,試驗期為4天,通過血液、乳汁、糞便、尿液等樣品中代謝相關指標的檢測,闡明亞臨床低血鈣奶牛代謝特征。結(jié)果表明:亞臨床低血鈣組AST和TBIL極顯著高于健康組(p0.01),亞臨床低血鈣組CREA含量顯著高于健康組(p0.05);ALP、TP、TC指標含量均極顯著低于健康組(p0.01);亞臨床低血鈣組BHBA、NEFA均高于健康組,其中NEFA極顯著高于健康組(p0.01),BHBA顯著高于健康組(p0.05),亞臨床低血鈣組GLU濃度顯著低于健康組(P0.05);亞臨床低血鈣組Ca、P、Mg含量均極顯著低于健康組(p0.01)。乳汁指標中亞臨床低血鈣組乳脂率、乳蛋白率、干物質(zhì)均顯著高于健康組(p0.05);糞便指標中亞臨床低血鈣組酸性洗滌纖維顯著低于健康組(p0.05)。尿液指標中亞臨床低血鈣組鎂離子含量顯著低于健康組(p0.05),尿蛋白含量顯著高于健康組(p0.05)。試驗三、亞臨床低血鈣癥奶牛飼料能源損耗及糞污排放特征的研究。本試驗于黑龍江省某大型集約化奶牛養(yǎng)殖場,根據(jù)其血鈣濃度和臨床表現(xiàn)選取12頭荷斯坦奶牛作為試驗動物,每組各6頭,分別為亞臨床低血鈣組和健康組。每頭奶牛均為單獨飼養(yǎng),連續(xù)飼養(yǎng)4天,通過血液生化分析,以及泌乳性能、采食量、糞、尿排放量以及通過簡易動態(tài)箱法對試驗奶牛糞尿產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體排放量進行分析。結(jié)果表明:亞臨床低血鈣癥奶牛血清中Ca、P、Mg的濃度極顯著低于健康組(p0.01),血糖濃度顯著低于健康組(p0.05),BHBA濃度顯著高于健康組(p0.05),NEFA濃度極顯著高于健康組奶牛(P0.01);亞臨床低血鈣癥奶牛產(chǎn)奶量極顯著高于健康組(p0.01),4%能量校正乳(ECM)顯著高于健康奶牛(p0.01),排糞量顯著高于健康組(p0.05);干物質(zhì)消化率的差異雖然不顯著但有升高趨勢。亞臨床低血鈣癥組奶牛糞尿NH3和CO2排放量減少,但CH4的排放無差異。結(jié)論:患低血鈣癥的奶牛泌乳性能和繁殖性能均降低,更容易繼發(fā)乳房炎和子宮感染,給牛場帶來嚴重的經(jīng)濟損失�；紒喤R床低血鈣癥奶牛在試驗期間表現(xiàn)為能量負平衡,肝功能異常,礦物質(zhì)代謝紊亂,腎功能障礙,但腸道消化吸收功能增強。亞臨床低血鈣癥奶牛糞尿產(chǎn)生的NH3和CO2排放量低于健康牛,然而降低的溫室氣體排放是否與腸道消化吸收率的增加促進了飼料能量的吸收有關利用仍需進一步研究。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of animal husbandry, the consumption of grain and energy caused by animal husbandry, and the pollution of feces to soil, water and air produced by animal husbandry have also become the main obstacle to the green development of animal husbandry. However, the development of resource saving and environment-friendly animal husbandry should first advocate "health first". The development of dairy cattle industry in China, the cultivation and introduction of high-yielding varieties, the perinatal diseases of dairy cows are becoming increasingly prominent. Hypocalcemia is one of the common metabolic diseases in the perinatal period of dairy cows. The low lactating amount of dairy cows and low utilization rate of feed energy have caused huge economic losses to the animal husbandry. The effects of feed energy loss and fecal discharge were not clear. Therefore, this experiment was carried out in an intensive cattle farm in Heilongjiang to study the production performance of low blood calcium cows, feed energy loss, and the characteristics of fecal pollution, and provide basic data for the green development of dairy cattle industry. The dairy cattle breeding farm in Heilongjiang was selected for 30 days after postpartum. According to the blood calcium index, 20 heads of low blood calcium group and 25 healthy groups were selected as experimental animals. The relationship between cow hypocalcemia and production performance was studied by recording the basic information of dairy cows and tracking all clinical data. The results showed that cows with low blood calcium syndrome were with low blood calcium. The reproductive performance was reduced as a whole, showing the number of days of first estrus, the number of days, the number of mating days and the prolongation of the calving interval. All the above indexes were significantly higher than that of the healthy group (P0.01); the number of sperms in the low blood calcium group was significantly higher than that in the healthy group (P0.05); the milking days in the low blood calcium group were significantly higher than that in the healthy group (P0.01); but the average milk production was produced on average daily milk. The lactating performance of cows with hypocalcemia was significantly lower than that in the healthy group (P0.01); the cows suffering from hypocalcemia were more likely to suffer from limb foot and foot disease, gastrointestinal disease, mastitis, hystertis, and uterine infection, which had a significant positive correlation with hypocalcemia mastitis (P0.01), and had a significant positive correlation with uterine infection (P0.05). Trial two, subclinical hypocalcemia Study on the characteristics of blood, milk, feces, urine, and urine, in a dairy farm in Heilongjiang, 12 cows were selected for 7-14 days after postpartum. The blood calcium concentration was divided into subclinical hypocalcemia group and 6 cows in healthy group, and the test period was 4 days. The subclinical low level was clarified by blood, milk, feces, urine and other samples. The metabolic characteristics of the blood calcium cow showed that the subclinical hypocalcemia group AST and TBIL were significantly higher than the healthy group (P0.01), the CREA content of subclinical hypocalcemia group was significantly higher than that of the healthy group (P0.05); ALP, TP, TC index content were significantly lower than that of the healthy group (P0.01); the BHBA, NEFA of subclinical hypocalcemia group was higher than that of the healthy group, and the NEFA pole was significantly higher than that of the health group. Group (P0.01), BHBA significantly higher than the healthy group (P0.05), subclinical hypocalcemia group GLU concentration was significantly lower than the healthy group (P0.05), subclinical hypocalcemia group Ca, P, Mg content was significantly lower than the healthy group (P0.01). The milk index of Central Asian clinical hypocalcemia group milk fat rate, milk protein rate, dry matter were significantly higher than the healthy group (P0.05); fecal indicators in Central Asia clinical low The acid washing fiber in the blood calcium group was significantly lower than that of the healthy group (P0.05). The content of magnesium ion in the clinical hypocalcemia group of Central Asia was significantly lower than that of the healthy group (P0.05), and the urine protein content was significantly higher than that of the healthy group (P0.05). Test three, the study on the characteristics of energy loss and fecal discharge of subclinical hypocalcemia dairy cows. This test was in a large scale in Heilongjiang province. Intensive dairy farm, according to its blood calcium concentration and clinical manifestation, selected 12 Holstein cows as experimental animals, each of which was subclinical hypocalcemia and health group, each was subclinical hypocalcemia group and health group. Each cow was fed separately for 4 days, through blood biochemical analysis, lactating performance, feces, urine emissions and through simple and simple passage. The results showed that the concentration of Ca, P, Mg in the serum of subclinical hypocalcemia cow was significantly lower than that of the healthy group (P0.01), the concentration of blood glucose was significantly lower than that of the healthy group (P0.05), and the concentration of BHBA was significantly higher than that of the healthy group (P0.05), and the concentration of NEFA was significantly higher than that of the healthy dairy cow (P0.01). The milk production of subclinical hypocalcemia cows was significantly higher than that of the healthy group (P0.01), and the 4% energy correction milk (ECM) was significantly higher than that of the healthy dairy cow (P0.01), and the excretion was significantly higher than that of the healthy group (P0.05); the difference of dry matter digestibility was not significant but increased. The emission of NH3 and CO2 in the cow dung and urine of the subclinical hypocalcemia group was reduced, but the emission of CH4 was reduced. No difference. Conclusion: the lactating performance and reproductive performance of cows with hypocalcemia were reduced, and secondary mastitis and uterine infection were more likely to be secondary to cattle farm. The amount of NH3 and CO2 emissions from subclinical hypocalcemia cow dung is lower than that of healthy cattle. However, it is still necessary to further study whether the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is related to the increase of intestinal absorption and absorption of the intestine to promote the utilization of feed energy absorption.
【學位授予單位】：黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S858.23

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