本文選題：太湖鵝 + Adiponectin��； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：太湖鵝是我國(guó)優(yōu)質(zhì)的種質(zhì)資源,具有繁殖力高、抗病力強(qiáng)、覓食力好、飼料回報(bào)率高、性成熟早、就巢性弱、患病少及肉質(zhì)鮮嫩等特點(diǎn),但因其生長(zhǎng)速度慢、體重較輕,受到外來(lái)品種沖擊較大,加上因近親交配導(dǎo)致的品種退化,其養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模急劇下降。為充分利用該種質(zhì)資源,了解其早期生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育規(guī)律及屠宰性能等經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀,尋找與其主要經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀相關(guān)的SNPs,為太湖鵝分子標(biāo)記輔助育種提供技術(shù)支撐,以期為今后的品種保護(hù)和開(kāi)發(fā)利用提供理論依據(jù)。本研究對(duì)太湖鵝體重與體尺性狀指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了主成分分析,利用直接測(cè)序法對(duì)兩個(gè)與太湖鵝生產(chǎn)性能相關(guān)的候選基因Adiponectin和Ghrelin基因進(jìn)行多態(tài)性分析,采用最小二乘法分析其與生長(zhǎng)性狀和屠體性狀的相關(guān)性,結(jié)果表明:(1)對(duì)太湖鵝9個(gè)體尺性狀和體重指標(biāo)進(jìn)行測(cè)定。公母鵝間比較研究表明:母鵝相比于公鵝體尺指標(biāo)與體重關(guān)聯(lián)性更高;公鵝半潛水長(zhǎng)與胸寬存在極顯著正相關(guān)(PP0.01)而母鵝半潛水長(zhǎng)與髖骨寬存在極顯著正相關(guān)(P0.01),在以后生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中可以通過(guò)半潛水長(zhǎng)來(lái)了解公鶴胸部發(fā)育情況和母鵝骨盆發(fā)育情況,具有很好的指導(dǎo)意義。公鵝可以提取5個(gè)主成分F1、F2、F3、F4、F5,它們對(duì)生長(zhǎng)性狀的累計(jì)貢獻(xiàn)率為86.780%,各主成分上載荷最大的依次為龍骨長(zhǎng)、體斜長(zhǎng)、脛長(zhǎng)、胸寬、髖骨寬,因此至少應(yīng)選取以上5個(gè)指標(biāo)對(duì)公鵝的生長(zhǎng)性狀進(jìn)行選育。母鵝也可提取5個(gè)主成分F1、F2、F3、F4、F5,它們對(duì)生長(zhǎng)性狀的累計(jì)貢獻(xiàn)率為87.586%,從其特征向量可知,各主成分上載荷最大的依次為髖骨寬、脛長(zhǎng)、胸寬、胸深,因此至少應(yīng)選取以上4個(gè)指標(biāo)對(duì)母鵝的生長(zhǎng)性狀進(jìn)行選育。(2)分別采用直接測(cè)序方法對(duì)太湖鵝Adiponectin絕大部分區(qū)域和Ghrelin部分區(qū)域的SNP位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行掃描,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):Adiponectin基因 8 個(gè) SNP 位點(diǎn):C155T、G244A、C252T、C422T、A428G、A429G、C431T、G605A�；� Ghrelin9 個(gè) SNP 位點(diǎn):第 2 內(nèi)含子中 C76T、C145G、C266T、A289G、A373G和第 3 內(nèi)含子中 T9C、A72G、A127C、A311G。x~2檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,各座位P值均小于0.05,說(shuō)明各座位數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自同一孟德?tīng)栠z傳群體,處于Hardy-Weinberg平衡狀態(tài)。(3)連鎖不平衡分析表明Adiponectin基因的C155T、G244A、C252T、C422T、G605A之間和A428G、A429G、C431T之間處于完美連鎖不平衡狀態(tài)以及Ghrelin基因的C76T與A289G、C145G與T9C、C266T與A373G、A72G間為較強(qiáng)連鎖不平衡;A127分別與C266T、A373G、A72G也達(dá)到了有意義的連鎖不平衡。(4)基因關(guān)聯(lián)性分析表明:Adiponectin基因C155T、A428G位點(diǎn)對(duì)太湖鵝腿肌率有極顯著影響(P0.01),C155T對(duì)脛長(zhǎng)、腿肌重有顯著影響(P0.05),A428G位點(diǎn)對(duì)半潛水長(zhǎng)、胸寬、腿肌重有顯著影響(P0.05);Ghrelin基因C76T位點(diǎn)對(duì)體斜長(zhǎng)有極顯著影響(P0.01),對(duì)6周齡體重和龍骨長(zhǎng)有顯著影響(P0.05);C145G、T9C位點(diǎn)對(duì)1周齡體重、胸深、脛長(zhǎng)有顯著影響(P0.05);T266C、G373A、A72G、A127C 位點(diǎn)對(duì)胸寬有顯著影響(P0.05);G289A位點(diǎn)對(duì)體斜長(zhǎng)有極顯著影響(P0.01),對(duì)龍骨長(zhǎng)有顯著影響(P0.05);A311G位點(diǎn)對(duì)體斜長(zhǎng)、胸寬有顯著影響(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:Taihu goose is a high quality germplasm resource in China. It has the characteristics of high fecundity, strong disease resistance, good foraging ability, high feed return rate, early sexual maturity, weak nest, less disease and meat quality. But because of its slow growth and light weight, it is greatly impacted by foreign varieties, and the breeding scale is sharp, and the breeding scale is sharp. In order to make full use of the germplasm resources, understand its early growth and development law and slaughter performance and other economic characters, find SNPs related to its main economic characters, provide technical support for Taihu goose molecular marker assisted breeding, in order to provide theoretical basis for the future variety protection and development and utilization. This study on the body weight and body of Taihu goose The principal component analysis was carried out, and two candidate genes Adiponectin and Ghrelin genes related to the production performance of Taihu goose were analyzed by direct sequencing. The correlation between the growth traits and the carcass traits was analyzed by the least square method. The results showed that: (1) the 9 individual characters and weight indexes of the Taihu goose were entered. The comparison between male goose and geese showed that the female geese had a higher correlation with the body weight than the male geese, and there was a significant positive correlation between the length of the male geese and the width of the chest (PP0.01), while the half diving length of the goose had a significant positive correlation with the width of the hip bone (P0.01). In the future production practice, the development of the male cranes could be understood by the half diving length. The situation and the development of the goose pelvis have good guiding significance. The male geese can extract 5 main components, F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, and their cumulative contribution to the growth traits is 86.780%. The largest load on the main components is the length of the keel, the length of the body, the length of the tibia, the width of the chest and the width of the hip bone. Therefore, at least 5 indexes should be selected for the growth of the goose. The female goose can also extract 5 main components, F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, and their cumulative contribution to the growth traits is 87.586%. From its characteristic vector, the largest load of the main components is the width of the hip bone, the tibia length, the chest width and the chest depth. Therefore, at least 4 indexes should be selected to select the growth traits of the goose. (2) respectively direct the use of the growth traits. The SNP loci in most of Taihu goose Adiponectin and Ghrelin parts were scanned by sequencing. The results showed that the 8 SNP loci of the Adiponectin gene were C155T, G244A, C252T, C422T, A428G, A429G, C431T, and third introns. The results of T9C, A72G, A127C, and A311G.x~2 test showed that the P values of each seat were less than 0.05, indicating that the data of each seat were from the same Mendel genetic population and in the equilibrium state of Hardy-Weinberg. (3) the linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that the Adiponectin gene was in a perfect linkage disequilibrium between C155T, G244A, C252T, and C422T. The C76T and A289G of the Ghrelin gene, C145G and T9C, C266T and A373G, A72G are strong linkage disequilibrium, A127 and C266T, A373G, and A72G also reached meaningful linkage disequilibrium. (4) gene correlation analysis showed that the locus had a very significant influence on the leg muscle rate of Taihu goose. There was significant effect (P0.05). The A428G locus had significant influence on the length of semi diving, chest width and leg muscle weight (P0.05); the C76T locus of the Ghrelin gene had a significant effect on body slanting (P0.01), and had significant influence on body weight and long bone length at 6 weeks (P0.05); C145G and T9C had significant influence on the body weight, chest depth and tibia length of the 1 week age (P0.05); T266C, G373A, G373A, etc. The point had a significant effect on the chest width (P0.05), and the G289A locus had a significant effect on the length of body (P0.01), which had a significant effect on the length of the keel (P0.05), and the A311G site had a significant effect on the length of the body and the width of the chest (P0.05).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S835

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