本文選題：枯草芽孢桿菌 + 發(fā)酵棉籽粕��； 參考：《石河子大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的:本論文通過(guò)枯草芽孢桿菌發(fā)酵棉籽粕,對(duì)其發(fā)酵后的產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)因子檢測(cè)和營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值評(píng)定;將棉籽粕通過(guò)枯草芽孢桿菌發(fā)酵后添加到黃羽肉雞飼糧中,以此研究枯草芽孢桿菌發(fā)酵棉籽粕對(duì)黃羽肉雞的生產(chǎn)性能、消化代謝率、血液生化指標(biāo)、免疫指標(biāo)、免疫器官指數(shù)以及肉品質(zhì)產(chǎn)生的影響,為加速我國(guó)豐富的棉籽粕資源的有效開(kāi)發(fā)利用、黃羽肉雞的健康生產(chǎn)等提供參考依據(jù)。方法:本論文由四個(gè)試驗(yàn)組成。試驗(yàn)一:用枯草芽孢桿菌對(duì)高壓滅菌后的棉籽粕底物進(jìn)行發(fā)酵,以未高壓和高壓的未發(fā)酵棉籽粕底物作為對(duì)照,從發(fā)酵棉籽粕的棉酚含量、常規(guī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)變化、游離小肽及游離氨基酸的含量對(duì)枯草芽孢桿菌發(fā)酵棉籽粕進(jìn)行營(yíng)養(yǎng)特性評(píng)定;試驗(yàn)二:試驗(yàn)選取120羽1日齡的黃羽肉雞,將其隨機(jī)分為4組,即Ⅰ組、Ⅱ組、Ⅲ組和Ⅳ組,每組3個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)10只雞,在其日糧中分別添加0%、2%、5%、8%的枯草芽孢桿菌發(fā)酵棉籽粕,研究飼糧粗蛋白、粗脂肪、鈣、磷的表觀代謝率以及黃羽肉雞平均日采食量、平均日增重和飼料報(bào)酬;試驗(yàn)三:在飼喂結(jié)束后,即64日齡時(shí)進(jìn)行屠宰性能測(cè)定,并研究發(fā)酵棉籽粕對(duì)肉雞肉品質(zhì)的影響。試驗(yàn)四:在飼喂試驗(yàn)的不同階段(7-14,15-28,29-42,43-64日齡),采集黃羽肉雞的血漿,研究添加不同劑量的發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物對(duì)黃羽肉雞血液生化指標(biāo)和免疫球蛋白的影響;在屠宰試驗(yàn)過(guò)程中測(cè)定肉雞的免疫器官指數(shù)。結(jié)果:試驗(yàn)一:發(fā)酵后棉酚含量與未高壓和高壓處理的未發(fā)酵棉籽粕相比分別顯著降低了88.84%、74.77%(P0.05),蛋白質(zhì)含量顯著提高了14.37%和13.79%(P0.05),分子量小于600Da、600-1000Da、1000-1800Da小肽分別由發(fā)酵前的4.00%、0.42%、0.058%提高到了發(fā)酵后的12.40%、1.45%、1.74%,15種必需氨基酸在棉籽粕中的含量均有不同程度的提高,此中必需氨基酸蘇氨酸、纈氨酸、異亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、賴氨酸分別提高了8.45%、6.25%、24.13%、3.52%、12.31%、9.52%;試驗(yàn)二:Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ組與Ⅰ組相比,粗蛋白、鈣、磷的表觀代謝率明顯升高(P0.05),且Ⅳ組代謝率最高,粗脂肪的代謝率顯著降低(P0.05);與Ⅰ組相比,試驗(yàn)組黃羽肉雞的日增重和飼料報(bào)酬顯著提高(P0.05),且Ⅲ組日增重和Ⅳ組飼料報(bào)酬最高。試驗(yàn)三:Ⅳ組黃羽肉雞屠宰率最高,達(dá)到93.62%,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ組與Ⅰ組相比,屠宰率分別顯著提高了4.98%、4.81%和6.11%(P0.05);較Ⅰ組而言,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ組黃羽肉雞的半凈膛率分別顯著提高了1.93%、2.82%、3.51%(P0.05),全凈膛率分別顯著提高了4.38%、6.98%和5.87%(P0.05),胸肌率分別顯著提高了6.98%、13.69%、15.01%(P0.05),腿肌率分別顯著提高了7.73%、14.29%、10.02%(P0.05)。在肉品質(zhì)方面,與Ⅰ組相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ組肌肉p H45min分別顯著提高了5.68%、8.09%、11.02%(P0.05),肌肉失水率分別降低3.07%、2.32%、6.69%,但Ⅱ、Ⅲ組與Ⅰ組相比,失水率差異不顯著(P0.05),Ⅳ組與Ⅰ組相比,差異顯著(P0.05);與Ⅰ組相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ組滴水損失分別降低3.76%、30.08%、34.21%,剪切力分別降低11.97%、7.75%、20.42%,胸肌脂肪含量分別提高了2.96%(P0.05)、5.52%(P0.05)、11.83%(P0.05),腿肌脂肪含量分別顯著提高了2.95%、3.23%、6.04%(P0.05)。試驗(yàn)四:5%FCM添加量對(duì)肉雞血液生化指標(biāo)的影響最為明顯。較對(duì)照組,5%FCM組在1-14,15-28,29-42,43-64日齡總蛋白含量分別顯著提高了45.26%,57.12%,30.17%,28.31%(P0.05);白蛋白含量分別顯著提高了27.72%,18.07%,19.22%,19.95%(P0.05);血清中Ca含量分別顯著提高了10.00%,26.43%,27.91%,48.77%(P0.05);血清中P含量分別顯著提高了31.01%,28.92%,27.91%,28.24%(P0.05);總膽固醇的含量分別顯著降低了3.96%,9.81%,14.95%,15.59%(P0.05);甘油三酯的含量分別顯著降低了15.57%,22.47%,23.08%,23.53%(P0.05);與對(duì)照組相比,在7-14日齡,Ig A、Ig G、Ig M的含量分別顯著降低了4.74%,2.38%,3.74%(P0.05);在15-28,29-42,43-64日齡Ig A的含量分別顯著升高了24.62%,24.62%,21.55%(P0.05);Ig M含量在29-42,43-64日齡時(shí)顯著提高了25.57%,25.59%;與對(duì)照組相比,脾臟指數(shù)和法氏囊指數(shù)分別顯著提高了37.14%和69.39%(P0.05)。結(jié)論:(1)使用枯草芽孢桿菌發(fā)酵棉籽粕能顯著提高棉籽粕的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值;(2)日糧中添加枯草芽孢桿菌發(fā)酵棉籽粕顯著提高飼料的代謝利用率,促進(jìn)黃羽肉雞生長(zhǎng);(3)日糧中添加枯草芽孢桿菌發(fā)酵棉籽粕顯著提高了黃羽肉雞的屠宰率、半凈膛率、全凈膛率、腿肌率以及胸肌率,并在一定程度上改善了黃羽肉雞的肌肉品質(zhì)。(4)枯草芽孢桿菌發(fā)酵棉籽粕能顯著改善黃羽肉雞的血液生化指標(biāo)和免疫指標(biāo),且添加5%的發(fā)酵棉籽粕在提高黃羽肉雞血液總蛋白、白蛋白、Ig A、Ig G、Ig M、Ca、P、法氏囊指數(shù)、脾臟指數(shù)方面都優(yōu)于添加量為2%和8%發(fā)酵棉籽粕組,并且添加5%的發(fā)酵棉籽粕在降低黃羽肉雞膽固醇含量和甘油三酯含量方面均優(yōu)于其他組。
[Abstract]:Objective: to ferment the cottonseed meal with Bacillus subtilis to test the nutritional factors and evaluate the nutritional value of the fermented products after fermentation, and to add the cottonseed meal to Huang Yu broiler by Bacillus subtilis to study the production performance, digestion and metabolism rate of the cottonseed dregs fermented by Bacillus subtilis. The blood biochemical index, immune index, immune organ index and the effect of meat quality provide a reference for accelerating the effective utilization of the rich cottonseed meal resources in China and the healthy production of Huang Yu broilers. Methods: This paper is composed of four experiments. The nutritive properties of the cottonseed meal fermented by Bacillus subtilis were evaluated from the content of gossypol, conventional nutrient, free peptide and free amino acid in the fermented cottonseed meal, and test two: 120 Huang Yu broilers of 1 days of age were tested and randomly divided into two groups. The 4 groups, i. e. group I, group II, group III and group IV, 3 repetitions in each group, each repeat 10 chickens, adding 0%, 2%, 5% and 8% Bacillus subtilis in their diets, respectively, to study the apparent metabolic rate of coarse protein, crude fat, calcium and phosphorus, the average daily feed intake of yellow feathered broilers, average daily gain and feed reward; test three: feed knot three. After 64 days of age, the slaughter performance was measured and the effects of fermented cottonseed meal on the quality of meat and chicken were studied. Experiment four: the plasma of Huang Yu broilers were collected at different stages of feeding test (7-14,15-28,29-42,43-64 days of age), and the effects of different doses of fermenting products on blood biochemical indexes and immunoglobulin of Huang Yu broilers were studied. In the process of slaughter test, the immune organ index of broilers was measured. Test 1: after fermentation, the content of gossypol was significantly reduced by 88.84%, 74.77% (P0.05), and the protein content was significantly increased by 14.37% and 13.79% (P0.05), and the molecular weight was less than 600Da, 600-1000Da, 1000-1800Da small peptide. Not by 4%, 0.42%, 0.058% before fermentation to 12.40%, 1.45%, 1.74% and 15 essential amino acids in the cottonseed meal. The essential amino acids, threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, and lysine were increased by 8.45%, 6.25%, 24.13%, 3.52%, 12.31%, 9.52%, and 9.52%; experimental two The apparent metabolic rate of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus in group II, III and IV was significantly higher than that in group I (P0.05), and the metabolic rate of group IV was the highest, and the metabolic rate of crude fat decreased significantly (P0.05). Compared with group I, the daily weight gain and feed reward of Huang Yu broilers in the experimental group were significantly higher (P0.05), and group III daily gain and group IV feed were the highest. Test three: Group IV The slaughter rate of Huang Yu broilers was the highest, reaching 93.62%. In group II, III and IV, the slaughter rate was significantly increased by 4.98%, 4.81% and 6.11% (P0.05), respectively. Compared with group I, the half net chamber rate of group II, III and IV was significantly increased by 1.93%, 2.82%, 3.51% (P0.05), and the total net chamber rate was significantly increased by 4.38%, 6.98% and 5.87% (P0.05), and the pectoral muscles were significantly increased. The rate of 6.98%, 13.69%, 15.01% (P0.05) and the leg muscle rate were significantly increased by 7.73%, 14.29%, 10.02% (P0.05), respectively. In the meat quality, the muscle P H45min in the group II, III, and IV increased significantly by 5.68%, 8.09%, 11.02% (P0.05), and the muscle loss rate decreased 3.07%, 2.32%, 6.69%, respectively, but group II, group III and group I were compared with the group I. The difference was not significant (P0.05). Group IV was significantly different from that in group I (P0.05). Compared with group I, the drop water loss of group II, III, and IV decreased by 3.76%, 30.08%, 34.21%, 11.97%, 7.75%, 20.42%, respectively, by 2.96% (P0.05), 5.52% (P0.05), 11.83% (P0.05), and the fat content in the leg muscles was significantly increased by 2.95 %, 3.23%, 6.04% (P0.05). Test four: the amount of 5%FCM added to the blood biochemical indexes of broilers was most obvious. Compared with the control group, the total protein content in the 5%FCM group increased by 45.26%, 57.12%, 30.17%, 28.31% (P0.05), respectively, and the content of albumin increased by 27.72%, 18.07%, 19.22%, 19.95% (P0.05), respectively, and Ca in serum Ca. The content of P in serum increased by 31.01%, 28.92%, 27.91%, 28.24% (P0.05), respectively, and the content of total cholesterol decreased by 3.96%, 9.81%, 14.95%, 15.59% (P0.05), respectively, and the content of glycerol three was significantly reduced by 27.91% (P0.05); and the control group (P0.05); and the control group (P0.05); and the control group (P0.05); At 7-14 days of age, the content of Ig A, Ig G and Ig M decreased by 4.74%, 2.38%, 3.74% (P0.05), and the content of Ig A was significantly increased by 24.62%, 24.62%, 21.55% (P0.05) at the age of 15-28,29-42,43-64, and 25.57%, 25.59%, respectively, at the age of age, and the spleen index and the bursa index of the spleen were significantly higher than those of the control group. It was improved by 37.14% and 69.39% (P0.05). Conclusion: (1) the use of Bacillus subtilis to ferment cottonseed meal can significantly increase the nutritional value of cottonseed meal. (2) adding Bacillus subtilis to the diet significantly improves the metabolic utilization of feed and promotes the growth of yellow feathered broilers. (3) the cottonseed meal fermented by Bacillus subtilis in the diet is significantly raised. The slaughter rate, half net chamber rate, full chamber rate, leg muscle rate and breast muscle rate of Huang Yu broilers improved the muscle quality of Huang Yu broilers to a certain extent. (4) Bacillus subtilis fermented cottonseed meal could significantly improve the blood biochemical index and immune index of Huang Yu broilers, and 5% fermented cottonseed meal was added to improve the blood total of yellow broilers. Protein, albumin, Ig A, Ig G, Ig M, Ca, P, bursa index, spleen index are all superior to the addition of 2% and 8% fermented cottonseed meal groups, and the addition of 5% fermented cottonseed meal is superior to other groups in reducing the cholesterol content and triglyceride content in yellow feathered broilers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S831.5

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