發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-16 09:05

  本文選題：混作草地 + 高寒地區(qū)�。� 參考：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：以甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)天祝高山草原試驗(yàn)站2012年建植的8個(gè)多年生混作禾草地為對(duì)象,分別從越冬性、生長發(fā)育特性、生產(chǎn)性能、光合生理生態(tài)特性、雜草動(dòng)態(tài)、刈割影響、土壤理化特性等方面進(jìn)行了綜合分析和評(píng)價(jià),研究結(jié)果如下:1.建植混作草地的禾草皆于4月中下旬返青。冷地早熟禾(Poa crymophila)返青最早,青牧1號(hào)老芒麥(Elymus sibiricus cv Qinghai No.1)返青最遲。青牧1號(hào)老芒麥和中華羊茅(Festuca sinensis)生育期較長,達(dá)到150d以上,其余禾草生育期在140d-150d之間。2.混作草地混合牧草的營養(yǎng)價(jià)值隨生育期呈動(dòng)態(tài)變化態(tài)勢(shì)�；熳鞑莸氐厣匣旌夏敛荽值鞍缀砍氏陆第厔�(shì),地下根部粗蛋白含量和有機(jī)碳含量先下降后上升,地上混合牧草有機(jī)碳含量和酸性洗滌纖維含量上升,地上混合牧草和地下根部生物量、地下根部中性洗滌纖維含量先上升后下降�；熳鞑莸亟M合M06于枯黃期地下可溶性糖和淀粉含量高于其它組合,返青期不同組合間差異不顯著。。3.多年生混作禾草地建植第1年,雜草以密花香薷(Elsholtzia densa)、迷果芹(Sphallerocarpus gracilis)、藜(Chenopodium glaucum)等1、2年生植物為優(yōu)勢(shì);建植第3年,雜草則以迷果芹、甘露子(Stachys sieboldi)、密花香薷、西伯利亞蓼(Polygonim sibircum)為優(yōu)勢(shì),多年生雜草明顯增加;與1齡草地相比,3齡混播草地雜草的密度、蓋度和生物量降低,Shannon-weiner多樣性指數(shù)和Pielou均勻度指數(shù)增大。建植第1年,不同混作組分間豐富度指數(shù)、Pielou指數(shù)、Shannon-weiner多樣性指數(shù)差異不顯著。建植第3年,隨混作組分的增加,雜草的豐富度、均勻度和多樣性增加,地上生物量、蓋度和密度下降。雜草群落與單播草地間的相似系數(shù)K值隨著混作組分的增加呈減小趨勢(shì)。4.刈割處理時(shí)的6cm和8cm留茬高度顯著提高了牧草的產(chǎn)量、相對(duì)生長速率和有機(jī)碳含量(P0.05),降低了牧草的粗纖維含量。5.混作草地牧草的不同生育期土壤理化性狀變化明顯。隨生育期的推進(jìn),土壤溫度和土壤呼吸速率先增加后降低,0-10cm土壤全氮含量先降低再上升再下降,10-20cm先下降后上升,20-30cm先上升后下降;土壤相對(duì)濕度呈現(xiàn)先上升再下降再上升。6.通過混作草地灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析發(fā)現(xiàn),中華羊茅+青海扁莖早熟禾+無芒雀麥+青牧1號(hào)老芒麥4組合為最佳的混作栽培草地組合,中華羊茅+青海扁莖早熟禾+青牧1號(hào)老芒麥次之。
[Abstract]:Eight perennial grasses were planted in Tianzhu Alpine grassland Experimental Station of Gansu Agricultural University in 2012. They were overwintering, growth and development characteristics, production performance, photosynthetic physiological and ecological characteristics, weed dynamics and mowing effects. The physical and chemical properties of soil were comprehensively analyzed and evaluated. The results are as follows: 1. 1. The grass of mixed grassland was turned green in the middle and late April. POA crymophila) was the first to turn green, and Euphrates us sibiricus cv Qinghai No. 1 was the last. The growth period of Qingmu No. 1 and Festuca sinensis was longer than 150 days, and the growth period of the other grasses was between 140d-150d. 2. The nutritional value of mixed pasture showed a dynamic change with the growth period. The crude protein content of mixed forage grass decreased, the content of crude protein and organic carbon in underground root decreased first and then increased, and the content of organic carbon and acid detergent fiber in aboveground mixed forage grass increased. The biomass of aboveground mixed forage and underground root increased firstly and then decreased. The content of underground soluble sugar and starch of mixed grassland combination M06 was higher than that of other combinations in the dry yellow period, but there was no significant difference between different combinations in the green stage. In the first year of establishment of perennial mixed grasses, the dominant weeds were Elsholtzia densa, Sphallerocarpus gracilisus, Chenopodium glaucumum and so on, while in the third year of planting, they were dominated by parsley, Stachys sieboldii, Elsholtzia sholtzia, Polygonim sibircumum and Polygonim sibircumum. The density, coverage and biomass of weeds in the mixed grass of the third and the first instar grassland decreased significantly, and the Shannon-weiner diversity index and the Pielou evenness index increased in comparison with the first instar grassland. In the first year of planting, there was no significant difference in diversity index of Shannon-weiner and Pielou index. In the third year of planting, the richness, evenness and diversity of weeds increased, while the aboveground biomass, coverage and density decreased. The similarity coefficient K value between weed community and monoculture grassland decreased with the increase of mixed elements. The stubble height of 6cm and 8cm significantly increased the yield of forage, the relative growth rate and organic carbon content (P0.05), and decreased the crude fiber content of forage. The physical and chemical properties of soil in different growth stages of mixed grassland were obviously changed. With the development of growth period, the soil temperature and soil respiration rate increased first, then decreased, then increased, then decreased, and the soil relative humidity increased first, then decreased, and then increased. 6. Through grey correlation analysis of mixed grassland, it was found that four combinations of Laomangmai No. 1, Qingmao Qingmu, Qingmu No. 1, were the best combination of mixed cultivation grassland. Chinese fescue Qinghai flat stem Kentucky bluegrass Qingmu No. 1 Laomang wheat followed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S812

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1 王建林;鐘志明;王忠紅;陳寶雄;張憲洲;沈振西;胡興祥;大次卓嘎;;青藏高原高寒草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)土壤氮磷比的分布特征[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2013年12期

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本文編號(hào)：1896252