本文選題：苜蓿 + 谷草��； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究以空懷期小尾寒羊為試驗動物,通過體外產(chǎn)氣法、尼龍袋法和飼養(yǎng)試驗3種不同方法,研究苜蓿和谷草的組合效應,并初步探究產(chǎn)生組合效應的作用機理,為合理利用谷草資源提供數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)。試驗1.體外產(chǎn)氣法評定苜蓿和谷草的組合效應本試驗選取三只健康且安裝永久瘤胃瘺管的成年小尾寒羊母羊作為瘤胃液供體羊。將苜蓿(AH)和谷草(MS)分別以不同比例(AH:MS=100:0、AH:MS=0:100、AH:MS=75:25、AH:MS=50:50、AH:MS=25:75)組成粗飼料,并以精粗比40:60組成5種不同日糧(Ⅰ(A100M0)、Ⅱ(A0M100)、Ⅲ、(A75M25)Ⅳ、(A50M50)Ⅴ(A25M75))作為發(fā)酵底物,進行體外產(chǎn)氣試驗。記錄發(fā)酵2、4、8、12、24、36和48 h累積產(chǎn)氣量(GP),并測定發(fā)酵12、24和48 h后培養(yǎng)液發(fā)酵參數(shù)—pH、氨態(tài)氮(NH3-N)、微生物蛋白(MCP)和揮發(fā)性脂肪酸(VFA)生成量。以發(fā)酵24 h的GP和MCP產(chǎn)量為指標分別計算各日糧組合效應指數(shù),以pH、VFA和NH3-N生成量的變化規(guī)律揭示組合效應的機理。結(jié)果表明:(1)各組合的GP、GP動力學參數(shù)、MCP、NH3-N和總揮發(fā)性脂肪酸(TVFA)生成量均隨日糧中苜蓿比例的增加顯著提高(P0.05);各組合不同時間點pH均在6.8~7.0之間,同一時間點各組pH差異不顯著(P0.05);各組TVFA和乙酸產(chǎn)量隨日糧中苜蓿比例增加而顯著提高(P0.05),但各組同一時間點乙酸/丙酸值差異不顯著(P0.05)。(2)以24小時GP為指標評定各日糧組合效應指數(shù)時,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ三組的組合效應指數(shù)分別為4.6%、7.5%和6.9%。(3)以24小時MCP產(chǎn)量為指標評價各組組合效應指數(shù)時,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ三組的組合效應指數(shù)分別為2.4%、13.4%和13.7%。試驗2.尼龍袋法評定苜蓿和谷草的組合效應本研究以5只安裝永久瘤胃瘺管的成年小尾寒羊母羊作為試驗動物,按照5×5拉丁方試驗設(shè)計,采用尼龍袋法測定試驗1設(shè)計的5種日糧(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ)主要營養(yǎng)成分的瘤胃降解率;以粗蛋白(CP)和干物質(zhì)(DM)瘤胃有效降解率EDCP和EDDM作為計算組合效應指數(shù)的主要觀察測定指標,計算組合效應指數(shù);同時將中性洗滌纖維(NDF)和酸性洗滌纖維(ADF)瘤胃有效降解率EDNDF和EDADF作為對EDDM進行剖分的二級觀察指標,揭示組合效應的發(fā)生機理。結(jié)果表明:(1)各組EDDM、EDCP、EDNDF和EDADF均隨組合中苜蓿比例的增加而顯著提高(P0.05)。(2)以EDDM為指標評定各日糧的組合效應時,Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ三組的組合效應指數(shù)分別為0.8%,4.0%,3.7%;以EDCP為指標評定各日糧的組合效應時,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ三組的組合效應指數(shù)分別為2.5%,3.5%,3.1%,Ⅳ組基于EDDM和EDCP計算的組合效應指數(shù)均大于Ⅲ組和Ⅴ組,效果最好。(3)Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ三種日糧中CF(粗纖維)對DM組合效應指數(shù)的貢獻率分別為101.55%,68.75%,55.41%。試驗3.飼養(yǎng)試驗評定苜蓿和谷草的組合效應——苜蓿和谷草不同比例飼喂對小尾寒羊日糧能量和粗蛋白轉(zhuǎn)化效率的影響試驗選取60只空懷期小尾寒羊為試驗動物,隨機將其分為四組(每組3個重復,每個重復5只羊),分別飼喂由試驗1和試驗2優(yōu)選的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ組日糧,進行為期40天的飼養(yǎng)試驗(預飼期10天)。飼養(yǎng)試驗結(jié)束后從每個重復隨機挑選一只羊進行為期7天(預飼期4天)消化代謝試驗。以增重能量比(RGE)和增重蛋白比(RGP)為指標計算各組日糧的組合效應指數(shù),驗證試驗1和試驗2的結(jié)論。結(jié)果表明:(1)試驗羊的采食量和日增重隨著日糧中苜蓿比例的增加而增加,Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ組干物質(zhì)采食量較Ⅱ組分別提高8.96%,6.39%,7.91%,差異顯著(P0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅳ組日增重較Ⅱ組分別提高51.46%、35.89%,差異顯著(P0.05),Ⅴ組日增重較Ⅱ組提高21.36%,差異不顯著(P0.05)。(2)以RGE指標計算的Ⅳ、Ⅴ組的組合效應指數(shù)分別為7.5%、3.5%。(3)以RGP指標計算的Ⅳ、Ⅴ組的組合效應指數(shù)分別為4.5%、3.7%�；谏鲜鲅芯�,可獲得以下結(jié)論:(1)體外產(chǎn)氣法、尼龍袋法和飼養(yǎng)試驗所獲得的苜蓿與谷草不同比例組合后的組合效應指數(shù)存在差異。(2)依據(jù)3種評定方法所得不同飼料組合效應指數(shù)的排序結(jié)果基本一致。(3)以谷草為主要粗飼料的日糧中添加25%~50%苜蓿能取得較好的正組合效應,其中谷草和苜蓿以50:50組合可在能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率和蛋白質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化效率方面同時取得最大的正組合效應。(4)依據(jù)組合效應指數(shù)與動物生產(chǎn)試驗結(jié)果的一致性作為評判指標,尼龍袋法評定的準確性高于體外產(chǎn)氣法,使用尼龍袋法所得結(jié)論更接近動物生產(chǎn)試驗所得結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:In this study, small tail Han sheep were taken as experimental animals, and the combined effects of alfalfa and grain grass were studied by 3 different methods in vitro gas production, nylon bag method and feeding test, and the mechanism of combination effect was preliminarily explored to provide a data basis for rational utilization of grain grass resources. Test 1. in vitro gas production method was used to assess alfalfa and millet grass group. Three healthy adult small tailed sheep ewes with permanent rumen fistula were selected as the donor sheep of the tumor gastric juice. AH and MS were composed of AH:MS=100:0, AH:MS=0:100, AH:MS=75:25, AH:MS=50:50, AH:MS=25:75, respectively, and 5 different diets (A100M0), II (A) were made up of 40:60 (A). 0M100), III, (A75M25) IV, (A50M50) V (A25M75)) as a fermentation substrate, conduct an in vitro gas production test. Record the fermentation 2,4,8,12,24,36 and 48 h cumulative gas yield (GP), and determine the fermentation parameters of the fermentation 12,24 and 48 h after the fermentation parameters - pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), microbiological protein (MCP) and volatile fatty acids. The combination effect index of each diet was calculated and the mechanism of combination effect was revealed by the variation of pH, VFA and NH3-N. The results showed that: (1) the formation of GP, GP dynamics, MCP, NH3-N and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) in each combination increased significantly with the increase of Alfalfa ratio in the diet (P0.05); each combination of different time points was p. The difference between H and pH was not significant (P0.05) at the same time point (P0.05). The yield of TVFA and acetic acid in each group increased significantly with the ratio of Alfalfa in the diet (P0.05), but there was no significant difference in the value of acetic acid / propionic acid at the same time point (P0.05). (2) the combination effect of each diet was evaluated with 24 hour GP as the index, and the combination effect of group III, IV, and V three According to the index of 4.6%, 7.5% and 6.9%. (3) to evaluate the combination effect index of 24 hours MCP, the combination effect index of group III, IV, and V three was 2.4%, 13.4% and 13.7%. test 2. were used to evaluate the combination effect of alfalfa and grain grass with 5 adult small tail sheep ewes with permanent rumen fistula. A 5 * 5 Latin square test was designed to determine the ruminal degradation rate of the 5 diets (I, II, III, IV, V) of the 5 diet (I, II, III, IV, V) by nylon bag method, and the effective degradation rate of CP and DM in the rumen of the crude protein (CP) and dry matter (DM) was used as the main index to calculate the combination effect index, and the combination effect index was calculated. At the same time, the effective degradation rate of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), EDNDF and EDADF, was used as the two level observation index of EDDM, and the mechanism of combination effect was revealed. The results showed that: (1) EDDM, EDCP, EDNDF and EDADF all increased significantly with the increase of Alfalfa ratio in the combination (P0.05). (2) EDDM as the index evaluation. The combination effect index of group III, IV and V three groups was 0.8%, 4%, 3.7%, respectively. When EDCP was used to evaluate the combination effect of each diet, the combination effect index of group III, IV, and V three were 2.5%, 3.5%, 3.1% respectively. The combination effect index based on EDDM and EDCP in group IV were all larger than group III and group v. (3). The contribution rate of CF (coarse fiber) to the combination effect index of DM in three kinds of diets was 101.55%, 68.75%, and 68.75%, respectively, to evaluate the combination effect of alfalfa and millet straw test 3. - the effects of alfalfa and millet straw on the diet energy and the conversion efficiency of crude protein in the Small Tail Han sheep were tested in 60 empty Small Tail Han Sheep For experimental animals, they were randomly divided into four groups (3 repetitions in each group, 5 sheep for each repeat), feeding on the diet of group I, II, IV and V, selected by test 1 and test 2, respectively, for a 40 day feeding test (pre feeding period 10 days). After the feeding test, a sheep was selected for 7 days (4 days pre feeding) for the digestion and metabolism test. The combination of weight gain ratio (RGE) and weight gain ratio (RGP) was used to calculate the combination effect index of each diet, and the results of test 1 and test 2 were verified. The results showed that: (1) the feed intake and daily gain of the sheep increased with the increase of Alfalfa ratio in the diet, and the intake of dry matter in group I, IV and V increased by 8.96%, 6.39%, 7.91%, respectively. The difference was significant (P0.05). In group I, the daily gain of group IV was increased by 51.46%, 35.89%, and the difference was significant (P0.05). The daily gain of group V was 21.36% higher than that in group II (P0.05). (2) the combination effect index of group V was 7.5%, 3.5%. (3) was calculated with RGP index, and the combination effect index of group V was 4.5%, 3. respectively. 7%. based on the above research, we can obtain the following conclusions: (1) the combination effect index of alfalfa and millet straw obtained by the method of in vitro gas production, nylon bag method and feeding test is different. (2) the sequence results of different feed combination effect index obtained by 3 evaluation methods are basically the same. (3) the day of grain grass as the main roughage The best positive combination effect can be obtained by adding 25%~50% alfalfa in grain, in which the maximum positive combination effect can be obtained with the combination of grain and alfalfa with 50:50 combination in energy conversion efficiency and protein conversion efficiency. (4) according to the consistency of the combination effect index and the animal production test results as the evaluation index, the evaluation of the nylon bag method is accurate. The results obtained from nylon bag method are closer to the conclusion of animal production test.

【學位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S816

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