本文選題：畜牧業(yè) + 現(xiàn)狀�。� 參考：《西北農林科技大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：畜牧業(yè)是現(xiàn)代農業(yè)的主要組成部分,也是農民增收的一大支柱。寧陜縣是國家級貧困縣又是典型的山區(qū)縣,特殊的地理環(huán)境制約著畜牧業(yè)的規(guī)�；l(fā)展,近年來全縣立足優(yōu)良的生態(tài)環(huán)境和豐富的資源優(yōu)勢,積極探索林下生態(tài)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展畜牧業(yè),現(xiàn)已取得了初步成效。本文通過應運實地調研、查閱文獻、對比分析的方法,簡析了寧陜縣畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展成績、現(xiàn)狀、優(yōu)勢及劣勢,并針對存在的問題初步提出了相應的發(fā)展措施。寧陜縣地處秦嶺南坡,國土總面積3678km2,全縣目前轄11個鎮(zhèn),80個村(社區(qū)),總人口7.40萬人(年末常住人口7.09萬人,其中農業(yè)人口5.87萬人)。境內森林資源豐富,森林覆蓋率達90.2%,草場面積廣闊,有可利用草地面積6.53萬hm2。全縣畜牧資源的形成及其數(shù)量、品種、分布,都隨著海拔高度的不同具有明顯的地域差異,發(fā)展生態(tài)畜牧產業(yè)具有得天獨厚的條件,正確合理開發(fā)利用,因地制宜地指導畜牧生產,趨利避害,發(fā)揮優(yōu)勢,都具有極其重要的意義。由于受傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)殖觀念的影響,目前,大部分農戶仍然存在著小農經濟思想,長期以來沒有把畜牧業(yè)當作主業(yè)來抓,全縣以生豬為主的畜牧養(yǎng)殖業(yè)基礎差,畜牧業(yè)產值在農業(yè)總產值中占的比重小。自2005年以來,寧陜縣把畜牧產業(yè)作為全縣經濟發(fā)展的主要產業(yè)之一,在市場經濟的帶動下,經過幾年發(fā)展,農民過去傳統(tǒng)觀念也發(fā)生了深刻的變化,養(yǎng)殖戶的商品意識增強,基礎條件、發(fā)展規(guī)模質量逐年增大提高。寧陜縣發(fā)展畜牧業(yè)主要存在下列幾方面問題:畜群結構不夠合理,品種退化,生產性能差,商品率低;精飼料品種單一,青綠飼料供應不均,營養(yǎng)不全;基層畜牧獸醫(yī)站設備簡陋,資金缺乏,人員少,技術水平低。寧陜縣是限制開發(fā)的重點生態(tài)功能區(qū)和核心水源地,不適宜發(fā)展規(guī)模化的畜禽養(yǎng)殖,根據這一特定的農業(yè)生態(tài)條件,為發(fā)揮地區(qū)優(yōu)勢,合理利用資源,全縣應發(fā)展適度規(guī)模的生態(tài)畜牧業(yè),主要發(fā)展策略:樹立生態(tài)循環(huán)農業(yè)的思想,搞好農林牧漁結合;合理開發(fā)利用草場草坡,有計劃的進行草場改良;擴大飼料生產,推廣生態(tài)飼料加工技術;做好畜禽良種和先進技術推廣工作;建設商品基地,打造特色畜產品;加強畜禽疫病的防治和檢疫;搞好畜牧業(yè)服務體系建設;培育新型經營主體,發(fā)展適度規(guī)模經營;積極宣傳生態(tài)畜牧業(yè),增強農民參與意識。
[Abstract]:Animal husbandry is the main component of modern agriculture, but also a pillar of farmers' income. Ningshan County is a poor county at the national level and a typical mountain county. The special geographical environment restricts the development of animal husbandry on a large scale. In recent years, the whole county has established itself in excellent ecological environment and abundant resource advantages. Active exploration under the forest ecological breeding to develop animal husbandry, has achieved initial results. In this paper, the achievements, present situation, advantages and disadvantages of stockbreeding development in Ningshan County are analyzed by means of field investigation, literature review and comparative analysis, and the corresponding development measures are put forward in view of the existing problems. Ningxian County is located on the southern slope of Qinling Mountains with a total land area of 3678km2. The county currently has jurisdiction over 11 towns and 80 villages with a total population of 74000 (70900 permanent residents at the end of the year, of which 58700 are agricultural residents). The territory is rich in forest resources with a forest coverage of 90.2 and a vast grassland area with a usable grassland area of 65300 hm2. The formation, quantity, variety and distribution of animal husbandry resources in the whole county have obvious regional differences with the difference of altitude, and the development of ecological animal husbandry industry has its unique conditions, and it can be properly exploited and utilized. It is of great significance to guide livestock production according to local conditions, to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and to exert advantages. Because of the influence of the traditional breeding concept, at present, most farmers still have the idea of small-scale farming economy, they have not regarded animal husbandry as their main business for a long time, and the whole county has a poor foundation of animal husbandry, which is dominated by live pigs. The proportion of animal husbandry output value in the total output value of agriculture is small. Since 2005, the livestock industry has been regarded as one of the main industries in the economic development of the county. Driven by the market economy, after several years of development, farmers' traditional concepts have also undergone profound changes, and farmers' commodity awareness has increased. Basic conditions, development scale and quality increased year by year. The following problems exist in the development of animal husbandry in Ningshan County: the structure of livestock is not reasonable, the variety is degraded, the production performance is poor, the commodity rate is low, the variety of concentrate feed is single, the supply of green feed is uneven, and the nutrition is not complete. Grass-roots animal husbandry and veterinary station equipment is simple, lack of funds, less personnel, low technical level. Ningshan County is a key ecological functional area and a core water source for limited development. It is not suitable for developing large-scale livestock and poultry breeding. According to this particular agricultural ecological condition, in order to give play to the regional advantages and make rational use of resources, The whole county should develop ecological animal husbandry on a moderate scale. The main development strategies are: setting up the idea of ecological circular agriculture, doing well the combination of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery; reasonably developing and utilizing grasslands and grasslands, improving grassland in a planned way; expanding feed production; To popularize ecological feed processing technology; to do a good job in popularizing fine breeds and advanced technologies of livestock and poultry; to build commodity bases and build special animal products; to strengthen the prevention and quarantine of livestock and poultry epidemic disease; to do a good job in the construction of animal husbandry service system; and to cultivate new types of operators, Develop moderate scale management; actively promote ecological animal husbandry, enhance farmers' awareness of participation.
【學位授予單位】：西北農林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F326.3

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