本文選題：草地 + 土壤線蟲(chóng)　； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤線蟲(chóng)(soil nematode)作為小型土壤動(dòng)物,有捕食、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、共生等角色,占據(jù)了土壤腐食食物網(wǎng)的多個(gè)營(yíng)養(yǎng)級(jí),直接參與生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)循環(huán)及能量流動(dòng),因此,土壤線蟲(chóng)的群落結(jié)構(gòu)及多樣性在一定程度上直接影響整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的功能及穩(wěn)定性。以往有關(guān)土壤線蟲(chóng)多樣性的研究多集中在小尺度范圍,而在區(qū)域大尺度上的研究較少。本研究以大尺度空間為背景,將研究樣帶設(shè)在歐亞草原帶東部,分析不同草地類型的土壤線蟲(chóng)多樣性和群落結(jié)構(gòu)的變化規(guī)律,這樣不僅可以增進(jìn)人們對(duì)大尺度背景下土壤線蟲(chóng)多樣性及群落結(jié)構(gòu)變化規(guī)律以及驅(qū)動(dòng)因子的認(rèn)識(shí),而且也為草原的合理利用和可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了一定的理論依據(jù)。本研究選取歐亞草原帶東部的四種草地類型:草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原以及高寒草甸為研究對(duì)象,利用貝爾曼漏斗法提取土壤線蟲(chóng),在體視鏡下計(jì)數(shù),顯微鏡下鑒定,最后計(jì)算其相關(guān)生態(tài)指數(shù)并與土壤理化性質(zhì)進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,獲得的主要研究結(jié)果及結(jié)論如下:(1)本實(shí)驗(yàn)共鑒定出土壤線蟲(chóng)79屬,四種草地類型的土壤線蟲(chóng)優(yōu)勢(shì)屬不同,草甸草原的優(yōu)勢(shì)屬為麗突屬(Acrobeles)和擬麗突屬(Acrobeloides);典型草原的優(yōu)勢(shì)屬為真鹿角唇屬(Cervidellus);荒漠草原的優(yōu)勢(shì)屬為真鹿角唇屬(Cervidellus)和板唇屬(Chiloplacus);高寒草甸的優(yōu)勢(shì)屬為墊刃屬(Filenchus)、擬麗突屬(Acrobeloides)和板唇屬(Chiloplacus)。草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原的優(yōu)勢(shì)屬均是食細(xì)菌線蟲(chóng),高寒草甸的優(yōu)勢(shì)屬除食細(xì)菌線蟲(chóng)外還有一屬是植食性線蟲(chóng)。(2)四種草地類型土壤線蟲(chóng)多度各不相同,草甸草原的土壤線蟲(chóng)多度最高(518條/100 g干土),荒漠草原最低(113條/100 g干土)。土壤線蟲(chóng)多度主要受土壤含水量、土壤電導(dǎo)率以及土壤碳氮比的影響,其中,土壤線蟲(chóng)多度隨土壤含水量的增加先增加后降低,隨土壤碳氮比的增加而增加,隨土壤電導(dǎo)率的升高而下降。(3)四種草地類型土壤線蟲(chóng)群落組成各不相同,除了典型草原和荒漠草原有部分相似外,其余各個(gè)草原之間差異很顯著。從營(yíng)養(yǎng)類群來(lái)看,四種草地類型均表現(xiàn)為食細(xì)菌線蟲(chóng)比例最高,捕食/雜食性線蟲(chóng)最少,而食真菌線蟲(chóng)和植食性線蟲(chóng)在不同區(qū)域比例高低有所差異;從c-p類群來(lái)看,四種草地類型c-p2類群均占最高比例,而c-p1類群最少,c-p5次之,c-p3和c-p4類群不同區(qū)域比列高低有所差異。(4)土壤線蟲(chóng)多樣性在草甸草原最高(H’=4.14),綜合冗余(Redundancy analysis,RDA)分析結(jié)果可知,土壤線蟲(chóng)多樣性變化的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因子是土壤電導(dǎo)率,二者呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。土壤電導(dǎo)率主要通過(guò)改變土壤線蟲(chóng)群落結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性來(lái)影響其多樣性的。(5)從土壤線蟲(chóng)的通道指數(shù)來(lái)看,四種草地類型土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)分解以細(xì)菌途徑為主的是草甸草原和典型草原(NCR㧐0.75),以真菌途徑為主的是荒漠草原和高寒草甸(NCR㩳0.75)。從土壤線蟲(chóng)的瓦斯樂(lè)斯卡指數(shù)來(lái)看,四種草地類型土壤健康狀況相比最好的是典型草原(WI=9.40),最差的是草甸草原(WI=4.09)。綜上所述,在大尺度區(qū)域的研究背景下,四種不同草地類型間土壤線蟲(chóng)多樣性及群落結(jié)構(gòu)組成各不相同,其中土壤線蟲(chóng)多樣性主要受土壤電導(dǎo)率的驅(qū)動(dòng),土壤線蟲(chóng)多度主要受土壤碳氮比的驅(qū)動(dòng)。本研究不僅可以加深人們對(duì)土壤線蟲(chóng)群落在大尺度背景下變化規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí),同時(shí)也為草原合理利用及可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了一定的理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Soil nematode (soil nematode), as a small soil animal, has the role of predator-prey, competition and symbiosis, which occupies a number of nutrient levels in the soil rotten food network, and directly participates in the nutrient cycling and energy flow of the ecosystem. Therefore, the community structure and diversity of soil nematodes directly affect the function of the whole ecosystem to a certain extent. The study of soil nematode diversity in the past is mostly focused on small scale, but there are few studies on regional large scale. In this study, the research sample is located in the eastern part of the Eurasian steppe with the background of large scale, and the variation of soil nematode diversity and community structure of different grassland types is analyzed, so that not only can the variation of soil nematode diversity and community structure be analyzed in different grassland types. In order to enhance people's understanding of soil nematode diversity, community structure changes and driving factors in large scale background, it also provides a certain theoretical basis for rational utilization and sustainable development of grassland. This study selected four types of grassland in the east of Eurasia Steppe: meadow steppe, typical steppe, desert steppe and high In cold meadow, the soil nematode was extracted by the Behrman funnel method. Under the stereoscope, the soil nematode was counted, under the microscope, the relevant ecological index was calculated and the correlation between the soil physical and chemical properties was calculated. The main results and conclusions obtained were as follows: (1) the soil nematode 79 genera and four kinds of grassland types were identified. The dominant genera of the soil nematode are different. The dominant genera of the meadow steppe are Acrobeles and Acrobeloides; the dominant genus of the typical steppe is Cervidellus, and the dominant genus of the desert steppe is Cervidellus and Chiloplacus; the dominant genus of alpine meadow is Filenchus, and the genus pantoninus. (Acrobeloides) and the genus Chiloplacus. Meadow meadow grassland, typical steppe and desert steppe are both bacterial eating nematodes, the advantage of alpine meadow and one genus are herbivorous nematodes. (2) the four species of soil nematodes are not the same, and the soil nematode in meadow grassland has the highest degree of soil nematode (518 /100 g dry soil) The desert steppe is the lowest (113 /100 g dry soil). Soil nematode abundance is mainly influenced by soil water content, soil conductivity and soil carbon and nitrogen ratio. The soil nematode abundance increases first and then decreases with the increase of soil water content, with the increase of soil carbon and nitrogen ratio and the increase of soil conductivity. (3) four kinds of grassland type soil The composition of the soil nematode community is different. Except for the typical steppe and the desert steppe, the difference between the other prairies is very significant. From the point of view of the nutrition group, the four kinds of grassland types show the highest proportion of bacteria eating nematodes, the predatory / omnivorous nematodes are the least, and the proportion of the edible fungus nematode and the phytophagous nematode in different regions is high and low. From the C-P group, the four types of grassland type c-p2 groups accounted for the highest proportion, while the c-p1 group was the least, c-p5 was the least, the c-p3 and c-p4 groups were different in different regions. (4) the soil nematode diversity in meadow steppe (H '=4.14), the comprehensive redundancy (Redundancy analysis, RDA) analysis results, the soil nematode diversity The main driving factor of the change is soil conductivity, and the two has a negative correlation. Soil conductivity mainly affects its diversity by changing the stability of soil nematode community structure. (5) from the channel index of soil nematode, the soil organic matter of four types of grassland types mainly is meadow steppe and typical steppe. NCR? 0.75), the main fungal pathways are the desert steppe and the alpine meadow (NCR? 0.75). From the data of the soil nematode, the best soil health status of four grassland types is the typical steppe (WI=9.40), and the worst is the meadow grassland (WI=4.09). In the context of the large scale region, four different meadows are in the background of the large scale region. The diversity of soil nematode and the structure of soil nematode are different. The diversity of soil nematode is mainly driven by soil conductivity, and the degree of soil nematode is mainly driven by soil carbon and nitrogen ratio. This study not only deepens people's understanding of soil nematode community in the large scale background, but also is reasonable for the grassland. It provides a theoretical basis for utilization and sustainable development.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S812

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