本文選題：亞洲小車蝗 + 植被��； 參考：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：蝗蟲宜生區(qū)是指適宜于某種草原蝗蟲生長發(fā)育的區(qū)域,影響宜生區(qū)的因素眾多。植物作為重要的生態(tài)因子,對蝗蟲的生長發(fā)育和種群動態(tài)有顯著影響。通過植被特征分析及其與蝗蟲發(fā)生關(guān)系研究,建立基于草地亞型數(shù)字化的宜生區(qū)劃分方法,對于蝗害的監(jiān)測預(yù)警和防控具有重要意義。本文通過宜生區(qū)草地植被特征分析,以植物優(yōu)勢度評價(jià)草地亞型,最多以三種植物即可描述草地亞型,基于此建立宜生區(qū)草地亞型的數(shù)字化命名方法:按優(yōu)勢度大小排序,(1)排序第1的優(yōu)勢種植物,若優(yōu)勢度50%,以該植物命名亞型;(2)若不符合(1)所述情況,如排序第1、第2的植物優(yōu)勢度之和75%,以該兩種植物命名;(3)其余情況下,按優(yōu)勢度大小,以前3種植物命名。研究區(qū)域共分為五個(gè)草地亞型,1種植物命名的亞型占總面積的61.53%,2種植物命名的占19.76%,3種植物命名的占18.71%。結(jié)合地理信息系統(tǒng)(ArcGIS),通過圖層處理和疊加實(shí)現(xiàn)宜生區(qū)草地亞型的可視化,可以定量觀測亞型分布及植物構(gòu)成,能夠?yàn)榛认x宜生區(qū)劃分提供數(shù)據(jù)支撐和技術(shù)平臺。以亞洲小車蝗為模式生物,生物學(xué)研究表明,利于生長發(fā)育的植物排序?yàn)榭耸厢樏┎陔[子草羊草冷蒿小葉錦雞兒,以克氏針茅為優(yōu)勢種的群落結(jié)構(gòu)最利于其生長發(fā)育。亞洲小車蝗喜食克氏針茅和糙隱子草(0.25≤RFN0.5),少食羊草(0.025≤RFN0.25),對三種植物取食量和選擇性隨植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的變化而變化,線性回歸分析表明,亞洲小車蝗對糙隱子草和克氏針茅的取食量在4齡(F=661.54,R2=0.9525,p0.0001)、5齡(F=41.33,R2=0.5560,p0.0001)和成蟲期(F=181.36,R2=0.8461,p0.0001)均表現(xiàn)為負(fù)線性相關(guān),二者在食物結(jié)構(gòu)中可相互替代。亞洲小車蝗生長發(fā)育需要取食一定量的羊草,對羊草的取食顯著影響對克氏針茅的選擇,二者選擇性指數(shù)SI極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.5437,p0.0001)�？耸厢樏┖筒陔[子草是影響亞洲小車蝗宜生區(qū)的關(guān)鍵植被因子,通過生長發(fā)育和取食特性的研究,為蝗蟲宜生區(qū)劃分提供了生物學(xué)依據(jù)和方法。生態(tài)學(xué)分析表明,植物生物量多樣性對蝗蟲密度影響最大(最佳投影向量a=0.6725),禾本科優(yōu)勢度對亞洲小車蝗密度影響最大(a=0.6547),其次為高優(yōu)指標(biāo)克氏針茅優(yōu)勢度(a=0.4679)。利用基于遺傳算法的投影尋蹤模型綜合評價(jià)蝗蟲棲境植被,并進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,發(fā)現(xiàn)投影特征值(Zi)與蝗蟲密度極顯著線性相關(guān)(p0.01),根據(jù)Zi大小即可判斷蝗蟲的發(fā)生,宜生區(qū)Zi越大,蝗蟲發(fā)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越高,Zi可作為蝗蟲宜生指數(shù)。宜生區(qū)植被條件綜合評價(jià)模型的建立,為蝗蟲宜生區(qū)劃分提供了可靠方法。
[Abstract]:Locust habitat is a region suitable for the growth and development of certain prairie locust. As an important ecological factor, plants have a significant influence on the growth and development of locust and population dynamics. Through the analysis of the vegetation characteristics and the relationship with the occurrence of locust, the classification of the Habitat Based on the digitization of the meadow subtypes is established. The method is of great significance to the monitoring, early warning and prevention of locust damage. Through the analysis of the grassland vegetation characteristics of Yisheng area, the grassland subtype is evaluated with plant dominance, and the meadow subtype can be described with three plants. Based on this, the digital naming method of the grassland subtype in the Yisheng area is set up: ranking according to the degree of dominance and (1) the advantage of ranking first. Plant species, if the dominance of the plant is 50%, named subtype of the plant; (2) if it does not conform to (1) conditions, such as ranking first, second of the plant dominance and 75%, named for the two plants; (3) the other cases, the size of the first 3 species is named. The study area is divided into five meadow subtypes, and the subtypes of 1 plants account for the total area 61.53. %, 2 plant names account for 19.76%, 3 species of plant named 18.71%. combined with geographic information system (ArcGIS), through the layer processing and superposition to realize the visualization of the subtype of grassland subtype in the habitat, can be quantified to observe the subtype distribution and plant composition, and can provide data support and technical platform for the division of locusts and the locust area. Biological studies have shown that the plants in favor of growth and development are the species of Artemisia kirswort. The community structure of the dominant species is the most favorable for the growth and development. The Asian trolley grasshopper is happy to eat the Stipa Kirschner and roughweed (0.25 < RFN0.5), and less (0.025 less than RFN0.25), and feed on three plants. The quantity and selectivity changed with the change of plant community structure. Linear regression analysis showed that the intake of Asiatic locusts had negative linear correlation to 4 years old (F=661.54, R2=0.9525, P0.0001), 5 years (F=41.33, R2=0.5560, P0.0001) and adult stage (F=181.36, R2= 0.8461, P0.0001), and two in the food structure. Alternative. The growth and development of Asiatic locusts need to eat a certain amount of Leymus chinensis, the feeding of Leymus chinensis has a significant influence on the selection of Stipa Kirschner, and the selective index SI of the two is significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.5437, P0.0001). The ecological analysis showed that plant biomass diversity had the greatest impact on locust density (the best projection vector a=0.6725), and the dominance of Gramineae had the greatest impact on the density of locusts in Asia (a=0.6547), followed by the dominance of Stipa Kirschner (a=0.4679). The projection pursuit model based on genetic algorithm synthetically evaluated the locust habitat vegetation and verified that the projection feature value (Zi) was significantly linear with the density of locust (P0.01). According to the size of Zi, the locust could be judged by the size of Zi. The greater the Zi, the higher the risk of locust occurrence, the Zi could be used as a locust index. The establishment of the evaluation model provides a reliable method for delineation of the locust habitat.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S812.6

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