本文選題：黃河源區(qū) + 退化草地��； 參考：《水土保持學報》2017年05期

【摘要】：為了闡明高寒草甸退化草地水土流失的規(guī)律,以黃河源區(qū)河南縣退化草地為研究對象,采用野外現(xiàn)場原位人工模擬降雨試驗方法,對不同降雨條件下土壤徑流量、沖刷量隨坡度、退化程度、降雨歷時和降雨強度的變化規(guī)律進行了試驗和分析。結果表明:天然退化草甸的含水量及密度均隨坡度和退化程度呈遞減趨勢(P0.05);同等條件下徑流量與植被覆蓋度呈冪函數(shù)負相關關系(y=140.69x~(-0.4667),R~2=0.988 2),與降雨強度呈指數(shù)函數(shù)正相關關系(y=40.35e~(0.0252x),R~2=0.970 8);泥沙量與植被覆蓋度呈指數(shù)函數(shù)的負相關關系(y=4294.3e~(-0.0418x),R~2=0.990 7),與降雨強度呈指數(shù)函數(shù)正相關關系(y=62.657e~(0.0201x),R~2=0.968 8);坡度為30°的小區(qū)徑流量較10°和20°的坡度小區(qū)分別增加了3.6倍和1.7倍,泥沙量分別增加了16倍和1.4倍,表明徑流量、泥沙量隨坡度的增加而急劇增大;植被覆蓋度40%以下的區(qū)域其徑流和泥沙含量變化幅度較大;降雨開始30min內(nèi)的地表徑流量相對穩(wěn)定,降雨時間30min后地表徑流量開始緩慢上升,坡面泥沙流失量主要集中在降雨后的5~15min內(nèi),而降雨55~60min后泥沙量急劇降低,因此試驗認為降雨歷時1h為土壤顆粒流失的敏感期;天然邊坡徑流產(chǎn)生后坡面出現(xiàn)匯流沖蝕現(xiàn)象,是退化草地水土流失加劇的重要原因。
[Abstract]:In order to elucidate the regularity of soil erosion in degraded grassland of alpine meadow, taking the degraded grassland of Henan county in the source area of the Yellow River as the research object, the field in situ simulated rainfall test method was used to study the soil runoff under different rainfall conditions. The effects of slope degree, degradation degree, rainfall duration and rainfall intensity on scour amount were tested and analyzed. The results showed that the water content and density of natural degraded meadow decreased with slope and degradation degree (P0.05N), and the relationship between runoff and vegetation coverage was negatively correlated with power function under the same condition. The relationship between water content and density of natural degraded meadow was negatively correlated with that of vegetation coverage, and the relationship between water content and density of natural degraded meadow was positive in exponential function with rainfall intensity. The correlation between sediment content and vegetation coverage is negatively correlated with the exponential function. The correlation between sediment content and vegetation coverage is negative correlation. The correlation between sediment content and vegetation coverage is 3.6 times and 1.7 times higher than that of 10 擄and 20 擄slope, respectively, and the relationship is positive correlation with rainfall intensity, y62.657 e1. 0201 脳 10 擄and 20 擄, respectively, with a negative correlation between sediment content and vegetation coverage, and a negative correlation between sediment content and vegetation coverage is found in the area with a slope of 30 擄and a slope of 10 擄and 20 擄, respectively, with a positive correlation with rainfall intensity (Y62.657eN), and the runoff of the plot with a slope of 30 擄is 3.6 times and 1.7 times higher than that of the plot with a slope of 10 擄and 20 擄, respectively. The amount of sediment increased 16 times and 1.4 times respectively, indicating that the runoff and sediment content increased sharply with the increase of slope, and the runoff and sediment content varied greatly in the area with vegetation coverage below 40%. The surface runoff in 30min was relatively stable at the beginning of rainfall, and the surface runoff began to rise slowly after the rainfall time 30min, and the sediment loss on the slope was mainly concentrated in the 5~15min after rainfall, but the sediment amount decreased sharply after 55~60min rainfall. Therefore, it is considered that the rainfall duration of 1 hour is the sensitive period of soil particle loss, and the phenomenon of runoff and erosion on the slope surface after the natural slope runoff is an important reason for the worsening of soil erosion in degraded grassland.
【作者單位】： 青海大學地質(zhì)工程系;青藏高原北緣新生代資源環(huán)境重點實驗室;青海大學農(nóng)牧學院;
【基金】：青海省科技廳項目(2016-ZJ-728) 國家自然科學基金項目(41662023,41762023) 國家國際科技合作專項項目(2015DFG31870) 教育部長江學者和創(chuàng)新團隊發(fā)展計劃(IRT_17R62) 青海大學中青年科研基金項目(2015-QGY-10)
【分類號】：S812.2

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