本文選題：吡啶羧酸鉻 + 羅斯肉雞��； 參考：《廣東海洋大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以脂肪沉積和脂肪代謝關(guān)鍵酶mRNA表達(dá)量及關(guān)鍵酶的活性研究鉻對(duì)肉雞脂代謝的影響,明確作用機(jī)理。試驗(yàn)選取360只1日齡體況良好的羅斯肉仔雞,采用單因素隨機(jī)分組方式,隨機(jī)分為5組,每組設(shè)6個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)12只雞。試驗(yàn)Ⅰ組飼喂基礎(chǔ)飼糧為對(duì)照組,試驗(yàn)Ⅱ-Ⅴ組為試驗(yàn)組,在基礎(chǔ)飼糧中分別添加吡啶羧酸鉻0.1mg/kg、0.2mg/kg、0.4mg/kg和0.8 mg/kg(以鉻計(jì),連續(xù)添加),試驗(yàn)期為42天。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:試驗(yàn)一:日糧中添加不同水平吡啶羧酸鉻對(duì)羅斯肉雞脂肪沉積以及對(duì)相關(guān)血清生化指標(biāo)的影響。待飼養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)結(jié)束后,將試驗(yàn)雞屠宰,采集樣本,測(cè)定腹脂率、皮下脂肪厚度、肌間脂肪寬度以及血清TG、HDL-C、TC和LDL-C指標(biāo)。結(jié)果表明:21日齡各試驗(yàn)組腹部脂肪沉積有降低趨勢(shì),試驗(yàn)Ⅳ組降低44.64%(P0.05);各試驗(yàn)組皮下脂肪厚度均有所降低(P0.05);肌間脂肪寬度沒(méi)有規(guī)律性變化;試驗(yàn)Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ組血清TG分別降低17.14%(P0.05)、14.29%(P0.05)和15.71%(P0.05);試驗(yàn)Ⅴ組血清HDL-C水平升高11.59%(P0.05);各組血清TC和甘油三酯變化不顯著。42日齡試驗(yàn)各組腹脂率分別降低23.90%(P0.05)、24.88%(P0.05)、34.15%(P0.05)和29.76%(P0.05);試驗(yàn)Ⅳ組皮下脂肪厚度降低11.76%(P0.05);試驗(yàn)Ⅲ和Ⅳ組血清TC分別降低26.26%(P0.05)和25.32%(P0.05),試驗(yàn)Ⅱ和Ⅴ組有降低趨勢(shì)(P0.05);試驗(yàn)Ⅲ和Ⅳ組血清TG分別降低23.26%(P0.05)和22.48%(P0.05);吡啶羧酸鉻能顯著降低血清LDL-C的含量(P0.05),提高試驗(yàn)Ⅱ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ組血清HDL-C含量(P0.05),Ⅲ組提高達(dá)18.36%(P0.05)。綜上所述,吡啶羧酸鉻能有效降低羅斯肉雞腹脂率,顯著影響腹脂沉積;降低皮下脂肪厚度;對(duì)肌間脂肪寬度沒(méi)有規(guī)律性的影響;對(duì)血清TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C有顯著影響。以降低腹脂率為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),吡啶羧酸鉻的適宜添加量為0.4 mg/kg。試驗(yàn)二:吡啶羧酸鉻對(duì)羅斯肉雞脂肪代謝關(guān)鍵酶活性、關(guān)鍵酶基因表達(dá)量的影響。試驗(yàn)旨在研究不同水平吡啶羧酸鉻對(duì)羅斯肉雞脂肪代謝關(guān)鍵酶活性及mRNA表達(dá)量的影響。飼養(yǎng)結(jié)束后,將試驗(yàn)雞屠宰,采集樣本,測(cè)定FAS和LPL基因mRNA表達(dá)量以及FAS、LPL、ACC和HSL酶活性。結(jié)果表明,21日齡,隨著鉻水平的添加的增加,各試驗(yàn)組FAS酶活性降低,但差異均不顯著(P0.05);ACC酶活性均顯著降低(P0.05);HSL酶活性均有所降低(P0.05);試驗(yàn)Ⅳ組胸肌、脂肪LPL酶活性最低。各試驗(yàn)組FAS基因mRNA表達(dá)量均有提高,其中試驗(yàn)Ⅲ和Ⅳ組FAS基因mRNA表達(dá)量顯著提高(P0.05);LPL基因mRNA表達(dá)量除試驗(yàn)Ⅲ組顯著降低外(P0.05),其余試驗(yàn)組均提高,其中試驗(yàn)Ⅱ、Ⅳ組分別提高66.02%(P0.05)、33.84%(P0.05)。42日齡,除試驗(yàn)Ⅳ組FAS酶活性顯著降低外(P0.05),其余試驗(yàn)組組均略有提高(P0.05);試驗(yàn)Ⅱ和Ⅲ組ACC酶活性有所提高(P0.05),而試驗(yàn)Ⅳ和Ⅴ組略有降低(P0.05);試驗(yàn)Ⅱ和Ⅳ組HSL活性略有提高(P0.05),而試驗(yàn)Ⅲ和Ⅴ組略有降低(P0.05);各試驗(yàn)組胸肌和脂肪LPL酶活性均有提高(P0.05)。與對(duì)照組相比,試驗(yàn)Ⅲ組FAS基因mRNA表達(dá)量顯著提高(P0.05),而其余試驗(yàn)組均顯著降低(P0.05);LPL基因mRNA表達(dá)量與FAS類(lèi)似,試驗(yàn)Ⅲ組LPL基因mRNA表達(dá)量顯著提高(P0.05),其余試驗(yàn)組均顯著降低(P0.05)。肝臟FAS、ACC和脂肪和胸肌LPL活性均有降低趨勢(shì),雖然脂肪HSL活性也有所降低,但前三者降低更明顯,肝臟FAS和脂肪LPL基因mRNA表達(dá)量具有顯著變化,但沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出劑量與效果關(guān)系。試驗(yàn)三:日糧中添加不同水平吡啶羧酸鉻對(duì)羅斯肉雞肌內(nèi)脂肪含量以及對(duì)H-FABP和A-FABP基因mRNA表達(dá)量的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)束后,采集樣本,測(cè)定上述指標(biāo)。結(jié)果表明,21日齡,與對(duì)照組相比除試驗(yàn)Ⅴ組胸肌IMF含量顯著降低外(P0.05),其余試驗(yàn)組均有降低趨勢(shì)(P0.05),腿肌IMF隨著鉻添加量的增加呈線(xiàn)性遞減(P0.05);A-FABP基因mRNA表達(dá)量與胸肌IMF含量呈極強(qiáng)負(fù)相關(guān),與腿肌呈中等負(fù)相關(guān);而H-FABP基因mRNA表達(dá)量與腿肌IMF含量呈強(qiáng)負(fù)相關(guān),與胸肌IMF含量呈中等負(fù)相關(guān)。42日齡,胸肌和腿肌IMF含量均有所降低(P0.05);H-FABP和A-FABP基因mRNA表達(dá)量與胸肌和腿肌含量整體相關(guān)性較弱。因此得出,A-FABP基因是影響21日齡胸肌IMF含量的主要候選基因,H-FABP基因是影響21日齡腿肌IMF含量的主要候選基因,42d時(shí),H-FABP和A-FABP基因?qū)π丶『屯燃MF含量影響不大。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the effect of chromium on lipid metabolism and key enzyme mRNA expression and the activity of key enzymes were used to study the effect of chromium on lipid metabolism in Broilers and the mechanism of action. 360 young Ross broilers with good body condition at 1 days of age were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups by single factor random grouping, each group was set up 6 repetitions and 12 chickens were repeated. Experiment group I was fed. The basal diet was used as the control group, and the test group II - V group was tested with chromium pyridine carboxylic acid 0.1mg/kg, 0.2mg/kg, 0.4mg/kg and 0.8 mg/kg respectively in the basal diet, and the test period was 42 days. The test results showed that the experiment 1: the fat deposition and related blood of different levels of chromium pyridine carboxylate on Ross broilers were added to the diet. After the experiment was finished, the test chickens were slaughtered and samples were collected to determine the rate of abdominal fat, the thickness of subcutaneous fat, the width of intermuscular fat and the TG, HDL-C, TC and LDL-C indexes of serum. The results showed that the abdominal fat deposition in the 21 day old groups was reduced by 44.64% (P0.05) in the test group and the thickness of the subcutaneous fat in the experimental groups. There was a decrease in degree (P0.05); there was no regular change in the width of intermuscular fat; the serum TG in the test group II, III and IV decreased by 17.14% (P0.05), 14.29% (P0.05) and 15.71% (P0.05), and the serum HDL-C level in the test group was 11.59% (P0.05), and the serum TC and glycerol glycerol three were not significantly decreased by 23.90% (P0.05, P0.05) in each group. ), 24.88% (P0.05), 34.15% (P0.05) and 29.76% (P0.05); the subcutaneous fat thickness of group IV decreased by 11.76% (P0.05); the serum TC in group III and IV was reduced by 26.26% (P0.05) and 25.32% (P0.05), and in group II and V groups had a decreasing trend (P0.05); the serum TG decreased by 23.26% (P0.05) and 22.48% (P0.05) in group III and IV group, and the chromium of pyridine carboxylic acid was significant. Reduce the content of serum LDL-C (P0.05), improve the serum HDL-C content (P0.05) in group II, IV and V group (P0.05), group III increase by 18.36% (P0.05). To sum up, the chromium pyridine carboxylic acid can effectively reduce the abdominal fat rate of Ross broilers, significantly influence the abdominal fat deposition, lower the thickness of subcutaneous fat, and have no regular effect on the width of intermuscular fat; to serum TC, TG, LDL-C. In order to reduce the rate of abdominal fat, the suitable dosage of chromium pyridine carboxylic acid was 0.4 mg/kg. test two: the effect of chromium pyridine carboxylic acid on the key enzyme activity of fat metabolism and the gene expression of key enzyme in Ross broilers. The experiment was designed to study the key enzyme activity and mRN of different levels of chromium pyridine carboxylic acid on fat metabolism in Ross broilers The effect of A expression. After the rearing, the experimental chickens were slaughtered and samples were collected to determine the mRNA expression of the FAS and LPL genes and the activity of FAS, LPL, ACC and HSL enzyme. The results showed that the activity of FAS enzyme decreased with the increase of chromium level at 21 days of age, but the difference was not significant (P0.05), and the activity of ACC enzyme decreased significantly (P0.05) activity. There was a decrease (P0.05); the test IV group was the lowest in the chest muscle and the fat LPL enzyme activity. The expression of FAS gene mRNA in each test group increased, of which the mRNA expression of FAS gene in the test group III and IV was significantly increased (P0.05), and the mRNA expression of LPL gene was significantly lower than the test group III group (P0.05), and the other experimental groups were improved, in which the test II and IV groups were increased respectively. 66.02% (P0.05), 33.84% (P0.05).42 days of age, except for group IV group FAS enzyme activity significantly decreased (P0.05), the rest of the experimental group increased slightly (P0.05), the test II and III group ACC enzyme activity increased (P0.05), and the test IV and V group slightly decreased (P0.05), the test II and IV group HSL activity slightly increased (P0.05), and a slight decrease in test III and V group (P0.05), the activity of chest muscle and fat LPL enzyme in each test group increased (P0.05). Compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of the FAS gene was significantly increased (P0.05) in the test group (P0.05), while the other experimental groups were significantly decreased (P0.05), the mRNA expression of LPL gene was similar to FAS, and the mRNA expression of the LPL gene in group III was significantly increased, and the other experimental groups were significantly reduced. Low (P0.05). The liver FAS, ACC, fat and LPL activity of the pectoral muscle decreased, although the lipid HSL activity decreased, but the first three decreased more obviously, the mRNA expression of the liver FAS and the fat LPL gene had a significant change, but did not show the relationship between the dose and the effect. Test three: adding different levels of chromium pyridine carboxylate to Ross meat in the diet The content of intramuscular fat and the expression of mRNA in the H-FABP and A-FABP genes. After the experiment, the samples were collected and the above indexes were measured. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the IMF content of the chest muscle decreased significantly (P0.05) compared with the control group (P0.05), and the rest of the experimental group had a decreasing trend (P0.05), and the IMF of the leg muscle was on the line with the increase of chromium addition. Sexual decline (P0.05); the expression of mRNA in the A-FABP gene was strongly negatively correlated with the IMF content in the pectoral muscles, and was negatively correlated with the leg muscles; and the mRNA expression of the H-FABP gene was strongly negatively correlated with the IMF content in the leg muscle, and was negatively correlated with the IMF content of the chest muscle, and the IMF content of the chest and leg muscles decreased (P0.05). The overall correlation between the chest muscle and the leg muscle is weak. Therefore, the A-FABP gene is the main candidate gene that affects the IMF content of the 21 day old breast muscle. The H-FABP gene is the main candidate gene that affects the IMF content of the leg muscle of 21 days old. When 42d, the H-FABP and A-FABP genes have little effect on the IMF content in the chest and leg muscles.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S831.5

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