發(fā)布時間：2018-04-30 03:01

  本文選題：奶牛 + 流產(chǎn)�。� 參考：《河南科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,奶牛流產(chǎn)呈上升趨勢,部分地區(qū)奶牛流產(chǎn)率高達20%,給奶牛養(yǎng)殖業(yè)造成了嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟損失。檢測引起奶牛流產(chǎn)主要病原,分析奶牛流產(chǎn)原因,對預(yù)防控制奶牛流產(chǎn)具有重要的意義。通過走訪調(diào)查洛陽地區(qū)各個奶牛場(小區(qū))發(fā)現(xiàn),部分奶牛場流產(chǎn)率高達20%左右。其中在第2-4胎流產(chǎn)的母牛數(shù)最多,流產(chǎn)率高達17.22%~25.18%;流產(chǎn)母牛多集中在4、6、7、10月份,流產(chǎn)數(shù)占流產(chǎn)總數(shù)的52.24%(256/490),流產(chǎn)率高達18.56%~23.67%;奶牛在妊娠的各個階段都會流產(chǎn),但多發(fā)生在奶牛妊娠110~170 d之間,流產(chǎn)頭數(shù)占總數(shù)的47.14%(231/490)。為檢測洛陽地區(qū)引起奶牛流產(chǎn)的主要病原,于2013年7月至2015年3月,收集該地區(qū)奶牛場(小區(qū))共42頭新鮮流產(chǎn)胎牛,及其母體的血液、陰道分泌物和鼻腔分泌物,計為42例樣本,采用PCR或RT-PCR方法進行新孢子蟲、弓形蟲、胎兒三毛滴蟲、布氏桿菌、牛傳染性鼻氣管炎病毒和牛病毒性腹瀉病毒6種常見流產(chǎn)的病原體核酸檢測。結(jié)果表明,被檢樣本總感染率為42.9%(18/42),其中新孢子蟲感染率最高,為40.5%(17/42);IBRV次之,為11.9%(5/42);胎兒三毛滴蟲、布氏桿菌、弓形蟲和BVDV感染率分別為2.4%、2.4%、2.4%和0。14.3%(6/42)的被檢樣本存在混合感染,其中以新孢子蟲+IBRV混合感染為主(50%,3/6)。結(jié)合被檢流產(chǎn)奶牛的臨床特征及飼養(yǎng)管理等因素,推斷新孢子蟲是導(dǎo)致該地區(qū)奶牛流產(chǎn)的最主要病原。為了進一步了解該地區(qū)新孢子蟲的感染情況,采集流產(chǎn)母牛或有過流產(chǎn)史的母牛血清,進行新孢子蟲抗體間接ELISA的檢測。結(jié)果表明,該地區(qū)新孢子蟲的血清抗體陽性率平均為44.44%(88/198);規(guī)模化養(yǎng)殖場新孢子蟲抗體陽性率為47.06%高于散養(yǎng)戶41.67%;流產(chǎn)奶牛新孢子蟲抗體陽性率為58.97%高于正常奶牛40.88%;第二胎次母牛新孢子蟲抗體陽性率最高為53.12%;3歲的母牛新孢子蟲抗體陽性率最高為48.84%。此結(jié)果也證實了洛陽地區(qū)奶牛流產(chǎn)多是由新孢子蟲引起的。犬是新孢子蟲的終末宿主,養(yǎng)殖場(小區(qū))內(nèi)犬的存在與新孢子蟲居高不下的感染率有密切的聯(lián)系。本試驗從奶牛流產(chǎn)率較高的奶牛場(小區(qū))采集犬的新鮮糞便,采用飽和蔗糖漂浮法檢測犬糞便中新孢子蟲卵囊,對疑似新孢子蟲未孢子化的卵囊進行PCR鑒定。結(jié)果,采集的12份新鮮糞便中,檢出3例新孢子蟲,結(jié)果證實了犬與新孢子蟲感染率較高有密切的聯(lián)系。本研究將為該地區(qū)有效防控奶牛流產(chǎn)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the abortion rate of dairy cows is increasing, and the abortion rate of dairy cows in some areas is as high as 20%, which has caused serious economic losses to the dairy cattle breeding industry. It is of great significance to detect the main causes of abortion in dairy cows and analyze the causes of abortion in dairy cows. Through the investigation of the dairy farms in Luoyang area, it was found that the abortion rate of some dairy farms was about 20%. Among them, the number of cows aborted in the 2nd to 4th trimester was the highest, the abortion rate was as high as 17.220.18; the aborted cows were concentrated in October, 52.2425 / 490 of the total number of miscarriages, and the abortion rate was as high as 18.5656 / 23.67.The cows had miscarriages at all stages of pregnancy. But most of them occurred between 110 days and 170 days of pregnancy, and the number of miscarriages accounted for 47.14% of the total. From July 2013 to March 2015, 42 fresh aborted fetal cows, their blood, vaginal secretions and nasal secretions were collected from dairy farms in Luoyang area, from July 2013 to March 2015. PCR or RT-PCR methods were used to detect the nucleic acid of six common miscarriages of neosporidium, Toxoplasma gondii, Trichomonas foetus, Brucella, bovine infectious rhinotracheitis virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus. The results showed that the total infection rate of the tested samples was 42.9% / 42%, and the infection rate of neosporidium was the highest, with 40.5% / 42% IBRV, followed by 11.910 / 42%; the infection rates of trichomonas, Brucella, Toxoplasma gondii and BVDV were 2.42.42.4% and 0.14.3% 6 / 42, respectively. Among them, the mixed infection of neosporidium IBRV was mainly 50% of the total. Combined with the clinical characteristics and feeding management of aborted cows, it was inferred that neosporidium was the main pathogen leading to the abortion of dairy cows in this area. In order to further understand the situation of neosporidium infection in this area, the sera of aborted cows or cows with history of abortion were collected to detect the indirect ELISA of neosporidium antibodies. The results show that The positive rate of neosporidium antibody was 44.4488 / 88 / 898% in this area, 47.06% higher than 41.67% in large scale breeding farm, 58.97% higher than 40.88% in abortive cow, 40.88% in second born cow, 47.06% in large scale farm, 58.97% in aborted cow and 40.88% in normal cow. The highest positive rate of neosporidium antibody was 53.12 and the highest positive rate of neosporidium antibody was 48.84 in 3 year old cows. The results also confirmed that the abortion of dairy cows in Luoyang area was mostly caused by neosporidium. Canine is the terminal host of neosporidium. The presence of dogs in farm (plot) is closely related to the high infection rate of neosporidium. In this study, the fresh feces of dogs were collected from dairy farms with high delivery rate. The oocysts of neosporidium were detected by sucrose saturation floating method, and the unsporulated oocysts suspected of neosporidium were identified by PCR. The results showed that 3 cases of neosporidium were detected in 12 samples of fresh feces. The results showed that the infection rate of neosporidium was higher in dogs. This study will provide scientific basis for the effective prevention and control of dairy cow abortion in this area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S858.23

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