熱輔快速生物發(fā)酵降解病死豬尸體生物安全效果評估
本文選題:病死豬尸體 + 無害化 ; 參考:《河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文
【摘要】:病死豬尸體處理中的生物安全一直是一個難題,雖然目前存在著多種病死豬尸體無害化處理工藝,但各種工藝的處理效果參次不齊。能否有效殺死病死豬尸體內(nèi)的各種病原是評價一種處理工藝生物安全效果的最基本標準,然而目前卻缺乏一種評價病死豬尸體無害化處理生物安全效果的有效方法。本研究旨在對熱輔快速生物發(fā)酵無害化處理工藝處理病死豬尸體的效果進行評價,建立病死豬尸體無害化處理生物安全效果的科學評估方法。為了解病死豬尸體無害化處理現(xiàn)狀,對河南省157家規(guī)模養(yǎng)豬場進行了問卷調(diào)查,對河南部分市、縣級動物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督所和病死豬尸體無害化處理廠進行實地走訪調(diào)查;同時對河南省動物疫病預防控制中心進行調(diào)查,了解當前豬主要流行疫病、流行規(guī)律。通過調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)當前病死豬尸體無害化處理工作中存在著病死豬尸體無害化處理方法落后、無害化處理場所匱乏、病死豬尸體收集運輸體系不健全、病死豬尸體處理過程中生物安全意識不足、監(jiān)管部門監(jiān)管任務重監(jiān)管力度弱、病死豬尸體集中無害化處理基礎設施落后等諸多問題。同時確立了病死豬尸體無害化處理過程生物安全的關鍵控制節(jié)點即無害化處理場所選址及周邊環(huán)境、病死豬的儲存與收集、病死豬的運輸、人員的流動、無害化處理過程、無害化處理產(chǎn)物及無害化處理設備、運輸工具;同時依據(jù)病死豬尸體無害化處理相關的法律法規(guī)、技術規(guī)范、生產(chǎn)實踐中成功的案例及自身調(diào)查結(jié)果擬定出病死豬尸體無害化處理各環(huán)節(jié)的生物安全措施,指導病死豬尸體無害化處理生產(chǎn)實踐。利用實驗室RT-PCR(PCR)病原檢測技術及病毒分離培養(yǎng)對熱輔快速生物發(fā)酵無害化處理病死豬尸體工藝的處理效果進行評價,對該工藝處理前后的樣品分別進行豬瘟病毒、豬圓環(huán)病毒、偽狂犬病毒、豬口蹄疫病毒、豬細小病毒、豬藍耳病病毒、豬傳染性胃腸炎病毒與流行性腹瀉病毒、副豬嗜血桿菌、豬鏈球菌、豬支原體11種豬病常見病原的檢測,并與自然分解法的處理效果進行對比。結(jié)果顯示,熱輔快速生物發(fā)酵病死豬尸體無害化處理工藝能殺死除豬瘟病毒外的所有檢測到的豬常見病病原,處理效果基本達到無害化,選擇不同的發(fā)酵菌種及處理時間的長短直接影響工藝的處理效果;與自然分解工藝的處理效果進行對比,對比顯示熱輔快速生物發(fā)酵降解工藝處理效果優(yōu)于自然分解工藝,在評價處理效果的過程中建立起了病死豬尸體無害化處理工藝的科學評估方法。
[Abstract]:Biosafety in the treatment of sick and dead pig carcasses is always a difficult problem. Although there are many kinds of harmless treatment techniques for dead pig carcasses at present, the treatment effects of these processes are not uniform. It is the most basic criterion to evaluate the biosafety effect of a treatment process, but there is a lack of an effective method to evaluate the biological safety effect of the harmless treatment of the dead pig carcass. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat assisted rapid biological fermentation on the treatment of dead pig carcasses, and to establish a scientific method for evaluating the biological safety effect of harmless treatment of dead pig carcasses. In order to understand the present situation of harmless disposal of dead pig carcasses, a questionnaire survey was carried out on 157 large-scale pig farms in Henan Province, and field visits were made to animal health supervision institutes at county level and innocuous treatment plants of dead pig carcasses in some cities of Henan Province. At the same time, the animal epidemic disease prevention and control center of Henan Province was investigated to understand the main epidemic diseases and epidemic rules of pigs. Through the investigation, it is found that in the present harmless treatment of dead pig carcasses, the methods of innocuous treatment are backward, the places of harmless disposal are scarce, and the collection and transportation system of dead and sick pig carcasses is not perfect. There are many problems such as insufficient consciousness of biosafety in the process of disposal of sick and dead pig, weak supervision and supervision of supervision task, and backward infrastructure for concentrated and harmless treatment of dead pig carcass. At the same time, the key control node of biosafety in the process of harmless disposal of dead pigs was established, that is, the site selection and surrounding environment of harmless treatment sites, the storage and collection of sick and dead pigs, the transportation of sick and dead pigs, the movement of people, the process of innocuous treatment. Innocuous treatment products and equipment and means of transport; at the same time, according to the laws and regulations related to the harmless treatment of dead and sick pig carcasses, the technical specifications, The successful cases in production practice and the results of self-investigation work out the biosafety measures for the harmless disposal of dead pig carcasses, and guide the production practice of harmless disposal of dead pig carcasses. Laboratory RT-PCR- PCR technique and virus isolation and culture were used to evaluate the treatment effect of heat-assisted rapid biological fermentation for the treatment of dead pig carcass. The samples before and after treatment were treated with swine fever virus and porcine circovirus, respectively. Detection of 11 common pathogens of swine diseases such as pseudorabies virus, porcine foot and mouth disease virus, porcine parvovirus, porcine blue ear disease virus, porcine infectious gastroenteritis virus and epidemic diarrhea virus, Haemophilus parahaemophilus, Streptococcus suis, mycoplasma suis, The results are compared with that of natural decomposition method. The results showed that heat assisted rapid biological fermentation of dead pig carcasses could kill all the common pathogens except swine fever virus, and the treatment effect was basically innocuous. The selection of different strains of fermentation bacteria and the length of treatment time directly affect the treatment effect of the process, and compared with the natural decomposition process, the comparison shows that the treatment effect of thermal assisted rapid biodegradation process is better than that of natural decomposition process. In the process of evaluating the treatment effect, a scientific evaluation method for harmless treatment of dead pig carcasses was established.
【學位授予單位】:河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:S851.23
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