本文選題：黑眶蟾蜍 + 中華蟾蜍　； 參考：《福建師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以我國南方地區(qū)三種常見的無尾兩棲類蝌蚪：黑眶蟾蜍(Bufo melanostictus)蝌蚪、中華蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans)蝌蚪和斑腿泛樹蛙(Polypedates megacephalus)蝌蚪為實驗動物,利用急性毒性實驗、亞慢性毒性實驗、生理實驗、遺傳毒性實驗,從個體、細(xì)胞以及基因水平探討兩種阿維菌素類藥物：阿維菌素(Abamectin)和伊維菌素(Ivermectin)對這三種蝌蚪的毒性作用,以期了解這類藥物對蝌蚪的毒性大小,為保護(hù)兩棲類動物、豐富兩棲動物生態(tài)毒理學(xué)的研究內(nèi)容和建立以兩棲類動物作為指示生物來監(jiān)測環(huán)境的系統(tǒng)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。通過急性毒性實驗,確定半致死濃度(LC50),并以此為依據(jù)對急性毒性分級,為其他實驗提供劑量參考。實驗結(jié)果表明阿維菌素對黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪和斑腿泛樹蛙蝌蚪均表現(xiàn)為劇毒,對中華蟾蜍蝌蚪表現(xiàn)為高毒；伊維菌素對三種蝌蚪均表現(xiàn)為劇毒。亞慢性毒性試驗中通過監(jiān)測蝌蚪生長率,了解蝌蚪長期暴露于藥物中,其生長發(fā)育受到藥物的影響情況,了解藥物對蝌蚪有無蓄積作用。結(jié)果顯示：藥物濃度越高,染毒時間越長,越能延緩蝌蚪的生長發(fā)育。通過生理毒理實驗,檢測藥物對蝌蚪體內(nèi)抗氧化防御系統(tǒng)的影響,了解藥物對蝌蚪生理生化代謝的影響。結(jié)果表明,阿維菌素和伊維菌素會對蝌蚪的抗氧化防御系統(tǒng)的酶產(chǎn)生抑制作用。遺傳毒理學(xué)方面,通過微核實驗檢驗藥物對蝌蚪血紅細(xì)胞微核和核異常的誘導(dǎo)作用,還通過單細(xì)胞凝膠電泳實驗,了解藥物對蝌蚪的DNA損傷情況。結(jié)果表明,阿維菌素和伊維菌素會誘導(dǎo)黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪和中華蟾蜍蝌蚪微核和核異常,導(dǎo)致斑腿泛樹蛙蝌蚪血紅細(xì)胞的DNA損傷。以上實驗表明阿維菌素和伊維菌素對蝌蚪有一定的毒性作用,因此,合理規(guī)范使用阿維菌素類藥物十分重要。
[Abstract]:In this paper, three common tadpoles, Bufo melanostictus, Bufo gargarizanss and Polypedates megacephalus tadpoles, were used as experimental animals. In genotoxicity experiments, the toxicity of two avermectin drugs, abamectinin and Ivermectinin, to these three tadpoles was studied at individual, cell and gene levels in order to understand the toxicity of these drugs to tadpoles. In order to protect amphibians, enrich the research contents of amphibian ecotoxicology and establish a system for monitoring the environment with amphibians as indicator organisms. Through the acute toxicity experiment, the half-lethal concentration (LC50) was determined, which was used as the basis for the acute toxicity classification, and provided the dose reference for other experiments. The results showed that abamectin was highly toxic to the tadpoles of toad and Rana paniculata, and highly toxic to the tadpoles of Bufo gargarizans, and Ivermectin was highly toxic to the three kinds of tadpoles. In the subchronic toxicity test, the growth rate of tadpoles was monitored to understand that tadpoles were exposed to drugs for a long time, and the growth and development of tadpoles were affected by drugs. The results showed that the higher the drug concentration and the longer the exposure time, the more retarded the growth and development of tadpoles. The effects of drugs on antioxidation and defense system in tadpoles were studied by physiological toxicological experiments. The effects of drugs on physiological and biochemical metabolism of tadpoles were investigated. The results showed that abamectin and ivermectin could inhibit the enzymes of the antioxidant defense system of tadpoles. In terms of genetic toxicology, micronucleus test was used to test the induction of micronucleus and nuclear abnormality in tadpole erythrocytes, and the DNA damage of tadpole was investigated by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). The results showed that abamectin and ivermectin could induce micronucleus and nuclear abnormality in tadpoles of Bufo bufo nigra and Bufo gargarizans, and result in the DNA damage of RBC in Rana paniculata tadpoles. The above results show that avermectin and ivermectin have certain toxic effects on tadpoles. Therefore, it is very important to regulate the use of avermectin drugs reasonably.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S859.8

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