本文選題：精細(xì)飼養(yǎng) + 羊只��； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國是一個人口大國,肉類食品的消費(fèi)量每年都在提升。近幾年來,羊肉每年的產(chǎn)量高達(dá)400多萬噸,在所有肉類產(chǎn)品中占了近十分之一。我國羊只養(yǎng)殖以散養(yǎng)方式為主,通過地秤稱量方式采集羊只體重信息,不僅耗費(fèi)大量的人力資源且稱重效率低,已遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能滿足日漸發(fā)展的精細(xì)飼養(yǎng)模式的需求。本文源于黑龍江省畜牧機(jī)械化研究所,按照其科技攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目《規(guī)模化養(yǎng)殖場羊只處理系統(tǒng)的研究》要求,圍繞羊只體重自動采集、存儲及羊只分群管理等方面,針對國內(nèi)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)普遍存在的人工稱重低效率等問題,研究并設(shè)計(jì)出一套羊只體重?cái)?shù)據(jù)自動采集、存儲及分群于一體的稱重分群系統(tǒng),解決了目前羊只養(yǎng)殖過程中人工稱重低效率、分群和記錄繁瑣等問題。本文研制的羊只稱重分群系統(tǒng),由稱重單元、羊只信息采集單元、控制單元、顯示與操作單元、分欄單元、存儲單元和遙控單元構(gòu)成。通過稱重單元和羊只信息采集單元,對羊只重量和身份信息進(jìn)行采集,控制單元處理傳感器采集的數(shù)據(jù)后,發(fā)送到顯示與操作單元,根據(jù)采集的羊只體重,確定羊只應(yīng)進(jìn)入的群組,控制相應(yīng)的分欄門打開,最后將所有數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行保存,達(dá)到對羊只進(jìn)行自動稱重及分群的目的。本文在設(shè)計(jì)過程中利用單片機(jī)、射頻識別(RFID)、傳感器及串口通信等技術(shù),對羊只稱重分群系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研制。確定系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)方案,分析系統(tǒng)組成,根據(jù)系統(tǒng)各部分功能,研究并選擇相應(yīng)硬件設(shè)備,重點(diǎn)對控制器、電源、壓力信號處理等方面,設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)電路。針對傳感器非線性因素,在軟件設(shè)計(jì)部分,采用基于最小二乘原理的曲線擬合法,對傳感器進(jìn)行非線性校正。通過靜態(tài)稱重和羊只動態(tài)稱重試驗(yàn),對研制的羊只稱重分群系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行測試,驗(yàn)證系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性,完成各部分功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)。試驗(yàn)證明,本文研制的羊只稱重分群系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定,稱重精度滿足2%誤差范圍的設(shè)計(jì)要求。與傳統(tǒng)的稱重裝置相比大大縮短了作業(yè)時間,提高了羊只的稱重效率,不對羊只產(chǎn)生應(yīng)激,實(shí)現(xiàn)了羊只的自動稱重和分群,節(jié)省了大量的人力資源。
[Abstract]:China is a populous country, the consumption of meat food is increasing every year.In recent years, lamb has produced more than 4 million tons a year, accounting for nearly 1/10 of all meat products.Sheep breeding in China is mainly carried out in the form of scattered rearing. The information of sheep weight is collected by weighing and weighing, which not only consumes a lot of human resources, but also has low weighing efficiency. It is far from being able to meet the needs of the developing fine feeding model.This paper is originated from Heilongjiang Institute of Animal Husbandry Mechanization. According to the requirements of its scientific and technological project, "study on sheep handling system in large-scale breeding farm," this paper revolves around the automatic collection, storage and management of sheep body weight, as well as the management of sheep herd, etc.Aiming at the problems of low efficiency of artificial weighing in domestic breeding industry, this paper studies and designs an automatic collection, storage and grouping system of sheep weight data.The problems such as low efficiency of artificial weighing, clustering and tedious recording were solved in the process of sheep breeding.The sheep weighing and grouping system developed in this paper consists of weighing unit, sheep information collecting unit, control unit, display and operation unit, column unit, storage unit and remote control unit.Through the weighing unit and the sheep information collection unit, the weight and identity information of the sheep are collected. The control unit processes the data collected by the sensor and sends it to the display and operation unit. According to the collected sheep weight, the control unit processes the data collected by the sensor and sends it to the display and operation unit.To determine the group that sheep should enter, to control the corresponding column door to open, and finally to save all the data to achieve the purpose of automatic weighing and grouping of sheep.In this paper, the technology of single chip microcomputer, radio frequency identification (RFID), sensor and serial port communication is used to develop the sheep weighing and grouping system.The overall design scheme of the system is determined and the composition of the system is analyzed. According to the functions of each part of the system, the corresponding hardware equipment is studied and selected, and the related circuits are designed in the aspects of controller, power supply, pressure signal processing and so on.In the part of software design, the method of curve fitting based on least square principle is used to correct the sensor nonlinearity.Through static weighing and dynamic weighing test, the developed sheep weighing and sorting system is tested, the stability of the system is verified, and the functions of each part of the system are realized.The experiment proves that the system of sheep weighing and dividing group is stable and the weighing precision can meet the design requirement of 2% error range.Compared with the traditional weighing device, the work time is shortened greatly, the weighing efficiency of sheep is improved, the stress of sheep is not produced, the automatic weighing and grouping of sheep is realized, and a lot of human resources are saved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S826;TP399-C4

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