本文選題：植被恢復(fù) + 草地植物群落��； 參考：《寧夏大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：植被恢復(fù)是防治土地沙漠化擴(kuò)張、緩解沙塵暴危害的關(guān)鍵,一直是生態(tài)學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域的焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題,尤其是干旱風(fēng)沙區(qū),其土地退化和荒漠化已成為全球性的重大生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題,因此適宜的植被恢復(fù)模式對(duì)荒漠草原生態(tài)恢復(fù)和維持具有重要意義。本研究是在寧夏鹽池縣高沙窩鎮(zhèn)二步坑行政村荒漠草原,選擇封育草地、檸條補(bǔ)播草地、沙打旺補(bǔ)播草地三種恢復(fù)模式和未封育草地為對(duì)照,研究分析了三種恢復(fù)模式對(duì)植被、土壤、水分和地表氣候方面的影響,運(yùn)用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析法來(lái)綜合評(píng)價(jià)三種恢復(fù)模式的生態(tài)效應(yīng),并篩選出最適宜該區(qū)的恢復(fù)模式,以期對(duì)干旱風(fēng)沙區(qū)草地生物多樣性理論、管理實(shí)踐和植被恢復(fù)等提供相關(guān)依據(jù),為更好的選擇適合當(dāng)?shù)厍闆r的恢復(fù)模式奠定基礎(chǔ)。主要研究結(jié)果與結(jié)論如下：(1)6—9月封育草地、檸條補(bǔ)播草地和沙打旺補(bǔ)播草地植物群落的高度、密度、頻度、蓋度和地上生物量均高于未封育草地；物種豐富度指數(shù)、Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù)和Pielou均勻度指數(shù)為：沙打旺補(bǔ)播草地封育草地檸條補(bǔ)播草地未封育草地,而生態(tài)優(yōu)勢(shì)度則呈相反的趨勢(shì)；不同植被恢復(fù)模式植物群落穩(wěn)定性從大到小依次為：沙打旺補(bǔ)播草地、封育草地、檸條補(bǔ)播草地和未封育草地,其中,沙打旺補(bǔ)播草地植物群落穩(wěn)定性最好,但總體來(lái)看,三種植被恢復(fù)模式和未封育草地的植物群落均不穩(wěn)定。(2)三種植被恢復(fù)模式均可降低土壤容重,有效改善草地土壤結(jié)構(gòu),增加土壤保水持水能力,尤其以沙打旺補(bǔ)播草地效果最好。0—40cm土層土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量和速效鉀含量為：封育草地檸條補(bǔ)播草地沙打旺補(bǔ)播草地未封育草地,土壤全氮和速效氮含量為：沙打旺補(bǔ)播草地檸條補(bǔ)播草地封育草地未封育草地,土壤速效磷含量為：封育草地沙打旺補(bǔ)播草地檸條補(bǔ)播草地未封育草地,土壤全鹽含量和pH值以未封育草地最高。(3)不同植被恢復(fù)模式草地氣溫從高到低依次為：未封育草地、檸條補(bǔ)播草地、封育草地和沙打旺補(bǔ)播草地,14：00達(dá)到峰值,呈單峰曲線；相對(duì)濕度變化為：沙打旺補(bǔ)播草地封育草地檸條補(bǔ)播草地未封育草地,自8：00-20：00呈“V”型變化曲線；地表和地下0—5cm、5—10cm、10—15cm和15—20cm土壤溫度變化一致,均為：未封育草地檸條補(bǔ)播草地封育草地沙打旺補(bǔ)播草地,最高值出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間以地表最早。(4)不同植被恢復(fù)模式草地5—12月土壤含水量為：未封育草地檸條補(bǔ)播草地封育草地沙打旺補(bǔ)播草地,隨降水的變化淺層土壤水分波動(dòng)較大；隨土層深度的增加,不同恢復(fù)模式草地土壤含水量變異系數(shù)逐漸減��；封育草地和沙打旺補(bǔ)播草地隨土層加深,土壤含水量增加,檸條補(bǔ)播草地深層土壤的含水量則相對(duì)較低。5—7月和11—12月,三種植被恢復(fù)模式草地和未封育草地的土壤水分均形成了負(fù)平衡,8—10月,土壤水分均為正平衡,且均以未封育草地正、負(fù)平衡最為明顯。(5)不同植被恢復(fù)模式草地的關(guān)聯(lián)度大小為：封育草地沙打旺補(bǔ)播草地檸條補(bǔ)播草地未封育草地,從各結(jié)構(gòu)指標(biāo)和功能指標(biāo)分析,封育模式和沙打旺補(bǔ)播模式對(duì)植被的恢復(fù)改善作用效果較好,是干旱風(fēng)沙區(qū)值得推廣的植被恢復(fù)措施。
[Abstract]:Vegetation restoration is prevention of desertification, sandstorm hazard mitigation key, has always been a focus of research in the field of ecology, especially in arid sandy area, land degradation and desertification has become a major global environmental problems, so it is suitable for the vegetation restoration patterns on desert grassland ecological restoration and maintenance of this is of great significance. Study in Yanchi County of Ningxia Gao Sha Wo Zhen Keng Xing Zheng Cun two step desert steppe, choose grassland and Caragana reseeding grassland, Astragalus adsurgens reseeding grassland restoration model and three kinds of unenclosed grassland were studied three kind of recovery mode on vegetation, soil, and the effects of water surface climate, ecology the effect of applying the grey relational analysis to comprehensive evaluation of three kinds of recovery mode, and selected the most suitable mode of recovery in the region, in order to grassland in arid sandy area of biodiversity management theory. Practice and provide relevant basis for vegetation restoration, lay the foundation for a better recovery mode suitable for the local conditions. The main research results and conclusions are as follows: (1) 6 - September grassland, Caragana reseeding grassland and milkvetch reseeding grassland plant community height, density, frequency, coverage and aboveground biomass were higher than those in grazed meadows; species richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index: Astragalus adsurgens grassland reseeding grassland Caragana reseeding grassland grazed grassland, while ecological dominance was opposite trend; different vegetation restoration patterns of stability of plant communities from large to small is as follows: Astragalus adsurgens reseeding grassland, grassland, grassland and Caragana overdrilling unenclosed grassland, the stability of grassland plant communities reseeding Astragalus adsurgens is best, but overall, three patterns of vegetation restoration and unenclosed grassland vegetation Community were not stable. (2) three patterns of vegetation restoration could reduce soil bulk density, improve soil structure, increase soil water retention and water holding capacity, especially with the best effect of Astragalus adsurgens reseeding grassland.0 40cm soil organic matter content and potassium content of Caragana mountain grassland reseeding grassland Astragalus adsurgens supplement grassland grazed grassland, soil total nitrogen and available nitrogen content: Astragalus adsurgens reseeding grassland Caragana reseeding grassland grassland grazed grassland, soil available phosphorus: Grassland reseeding grassland overdrilling Caragana adsurgens grassland grazed grassland, soil total salt content and pH value in an enclosure the grass is highest. (3) model of grassland temperature from high to low are different vegetation restoration: unenclosed grassland, Caragana reseeding grassland, grassland and milkvetch reseeding grassland, reached the peak at 14:00, showed a single peak curve; relative humidity change Astragalus adsurgens: reseeding grassland grassland Caragana reseeding grassland grazed grassland, since 8:00-20:00 showed "V" curve; surface and underground 0 - 5cm, 5 - 10cm, 10 - 15cm and 15 - 20cm soil temperature change, are: Caragana unenclosed grassland reseeding grassland grassland the sand at Wang reseeding grassland, the highest value of the time to the first surface. (4) 5 - December soil moisture model of grassland vegetation restoration: Caragana unenclosed grassland reseeding grassland fenced grassland reseeding grassland with Astragalus adsurgens, changes in precipitation and shallow soil moisture fluctuation; with the increase of soil layer the depth of the different restoration model of grassland soil moisture variation coefficient decreases; grassland and milkvetch reseeding grassland with soil depth, soil moisture increased, Caragana reseeding grassland soil water content is relatively low.5 in July and 11 in December, three kinds of vegetation Recovery mode of grassland and soil moisture in unenclosed grassland were formed a negative balance, 8 - October, soil moisture are balanced, and are in unenclosed grassland, negative balance is most obvious. (5) the correlation degree of grassland in different vegetation restoration: Grassland reseeding grassland. Caragana reseeding grassland grazed grassland, from the analysis of structural indicators and functional indicators, fencing and Sowing Patterns on the pattern of Astragalus adsurgens vegetation restoration effect is better, is worthy of promotion measures to restore vegetation in arid sandy area.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S812

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