發(fā)布時間：2018-04-13 05:51

  本文選題：植被恢復 + 草地植物群落��； 參考：《寧夏大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：植被恢復是防治土地沙漠化擴張、緩解沙塵暴危害的關鍵,一直是生態(tài)學研究領域的焦點問題,尤其是干旱風沙區(qū),其土地退化和荒漠化已成為全球性的重大生態(tài)環(huán)境問題,因此適宜的植被恢復模式對荒漠草原生態(tài)恢復和維持具有重要意義。本研究是在寧夏鹽池縣高沙窩鎮(zhèn)二步坑行政村荒漠草原,選擇封育草地、檸條補播草地、沙打旺補播草地三種恢復模式和未封育草地為對照,研究分析了三種恢復模式對植被、土壤、水分和地表氣候方面的影響,運用灰色關聯(lián)分析法來綜合評價三種恢復模式的生態(tài)效應,并篩選出最適宜該區(qū)的恢復模式,以期對干旱風沙區(qū)草地生物多樣性理論、管理實踐和植被恢復等提供相關依據(jù),為更好的選擇適合當?shù)厍闆r的恢復模式奠定基礎。主要研究結(jié)果與結(jié)論如下：(1)6—9月封育草地、檸條補播草地和沙打旺補播草地植物群落的高度、密度、頻度、蓋度和地上生物量均高于未封育草地；物種豐富度指數(shù)、Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù)和Pielou均勻度指數(shù)為：沙打旺補播草地封育草地檸條補播草地未封育草地,而生態(tài)優(yōu)勢度則呈相反的趨勢；不同植被恢復模式植物群落穩(wěn)定性從大到小依次為：沙打旺補播草地、封育草地、檸條補播草地和未封育草地,其中,沙打旺補播草地植物群落穩(wěn)定性最好,但總體來看,三種植被恢復模式和未封育草地的植物群落均不穩(wěn)定。(2)三種植被恢復模式均可降低土壤容重,有效改善草地土壤結(jié)構(gòu),增加土壤保水持水能力,尤其以沙打旺補播草地效果最好。0—40cm土層土壤有機質(zhì)含量和速效鉀含量為：封育草地檸條補播草地沙打旺補播草地未封育草地,土壤全氮和速效氮含量為：沙打旺補播草地檸條補播草地封育草地未封育草地,土壤速效磷含量為：封育草地沙打旺補播草地檸條補播草地未封育草地,土壤全鹽含量和pH值以未封育草地最高。(3)不同植被恢復模式草地氣溫從高到低依次為：未封育草地、檸條補播草地、封育草地和沙打旺補播草地,14：00達到峰值,呈單峰曲線；相對濕度變化為：沙打旺補播草地封育草地檸條補播草地未封育草地,自8：00-20：00呈“V”型變化曲線；地表和地下0—5cm、5—10cm、10—15cm和15—20cm土壤溫度變化一致,均為：未封育草地檸條補播草地封育草地沙打旺補播草地,最高值出現(xiàn)的時間以地表最早。(4)不同植被恢復模式草地5—12月土壤含水量為：未封育草地檸條補播草地封育草地沙打旺補播草地,隨降水的變化淺層土壤水分波動較大；隨土層深度的增加,不同恢復模式草地土壤含水量變異系數(shù)逐漸減小；封育草地和沙打旺補播草地隨土層加深,土壤含水量增加,檸條補播草地深層土壤的含水量則相對較低。5—7月和11—12月,三種植被恢復模式草地和未封育草地的土壤水分均形成了負平衡,8—10月,土壤水分均為正平衡,且均以未封育草地正、負平衡最為明顯。(5)不同植被恢復模式草地的關聯(lián)度大小為：封育草地沙打旺補播草地檸條補播草地未封育草地,從各結(jié)構(gòu)指標和功能指標分析,封育模式和沙打旺補播模式對植被的恢復改善作用效果較好,是干旱風沙區(qū)值得推廣的植被恢復措施。
[Abstract]:Vegetation restoration is prevention of desertification, sandstorm hazard mitigation key, has always been a focus of research in the field of ecology, especially in arid sandy area, land degradation and desertification has become a major global environmental problems, so it is suitable for the vegetation restoration patterns on desert grassland ecological restoration and maintenance of this is of great significance. Study in Yanchi County of Ningxia Gao Sha Wo Zhen Keng Xing Zheng Cun two step desert steppe, choose grassland and Caragana reseeding grassland, Astragalus adsurgens reseeding grassland restoration model and three kinds of unenclosed grassland were studied three kind of recovery mode on vegetation, soil, and the effects of water surface climate, ecology the effect of applying the grey relational analysis to comprehensive evaluation of three kinds of recovery mode, and selected the most suitable mode of recovery in the region, in order to grassland in arid sandy area of biodiversity management theory. Practice and provide relevant basis for vegetation restoration, lay the foundation for a better recovery mode suitable for the local conditions. The main research results and conclusions are as follows: (1) 6 - September grassland, Caragana reseeding grassland and milkvetch reseeding grassland plant community height, density, frequency, coverage and aboveground biomass were higher than those in grazed meadows; species richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index: Astragalus adsurgens grassland reseeding grassland Caragana reseeding grassland grazed grassland, while ecological dominance was opposite trend; different vegetation restoration patterns of stability of plant communities from large to small is as follows: Astragalus adsurgens reseeding grassland, grassland, grassland and Caragana overdrilling unenclosed grassland, the stability of grassland plant communities reseeding Astragalus adsurgens is best, but overall, three patterns of vegetation restoration and unenclosed grassland vegetation Community were not stable. (2) three patterns of vegetation restoration could reduce soil bulk density, improve soil structure, increase soil water retention and water holding capacity, especially with the best effect of Astragalus adsurgens reseeding grassland.0 40cm soil organic matter content and potassium content of Caragana mountain grassland reseeding grassland Astragalus adsurgens supplement grassland grazed grassland, soil total nitrogen and available nitrogen content: Astragalus adsurgens reseeding grassland Caragana reseeding grassland grassland grazed grassland, soil available phosphorus: Grassland reseeding grassland overdrilling Caragana adsurgens grassland grazed grassland, soil total salt content and pH value in an enclosure the grass is highest. (3) model of grassland temperature from high to low are different vegetation restoration: unenclosed grassland, Caragana reseeding grassland, grassland and milkvetch reseeding grassland, reached the peak at 14:00, showed a single peak curve; relative humidity change Astragalus adsurgens: reseeding grassland grassland Caragana reseeding grassland grazed grassland, since 8:00-20:00 showed "V" curve; surface and underground 0 - 5cm, 5 - 10cm, 10 - 15cm and 15 - 20cm soil temperature change, are: Caragana unenclosed grassland reseeding grassland grassland the sand at Wang reseeding grassland, the highest value of the time to the first surface. (4) 5 - December soil moisture model of grassland vegetation restoration: Caragana unenclosed grassland reseeding grassland fenced grassland reseeding grassland with Astragalus adsurgens, changes in precipitation and shallow soil moisture fluctuation; with the increase of soil layer the depth of the different restoration model of grassland soil moisture variation coefficient decreases; grassland and milkvetch reseeding grassland with soil depth, soil moisture increased, Caragana reseeding grassland soil water content is relatively low.5 in July and 11 in December, three kinds of vegetation Recovery mode of grassland and soil moisture in unenclosed grassland were formed a negative balance, 8 - October, soil moisture are balanced, and are in unenclosed grassland, negative balance is most obvious. (5) the correlation degree of grassland in different vegetation restoration: Grassland reseeding grassland. Caragana reseeding grassland grazed grassland, from the analysis of structural indicators and functional indicators, fencing and Sowing Patterns on the pattern of Astragalus adsurgens vegetation restoration effect is better, is worthy of promotion measures to restore vegetation in arid sandy area.

【學位授予單位】：寧夏大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S812

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 邵新慶;石永紅;韓建國;王峗文;王X;;典型草原自然演替過程中土壤理化性質(zhì)動態(tài)變化[J];草地學報;2008年06期

2 張永亮;范富;高凱;馮靜;蘇娜;;苜蓿、無芒雀麥單播與混播對土壤有機質(zhì)和速效養(yǎng)分的影響[J];草地學報;2009年01期

3 吳建波;包曉影;李潔;趙念席;高玉葆;;不同圍封年限對典型草原群落及大針茅種群特征的影響[J];草地學報;2010年04期

4 趙彩霞;鄭大瑋;何文清;潘志華;胡躍高;樊秀榮;;不同圍欄年限冷蒿草原群落特征與土壤特性變化的研究[J];草業(yè)科學;2006年12期

5 劉孝勇;宋乃平;何秀珍;李勇;;北方農(nóng)牧交錯帶草地建植模式及效益比較研究——以寧夏鹽池縣馬兒莊為例[J];草業(yè)科學;2011年05期

6 陳芳;馬全林;張德魁;劉有軍;靳虎甲;;干旱荒漠區(qū)植被恢復動態(tài)遙感監(jiān)測[J];草業(yè)科學;2011年06期

7 彭紅春,李海英,沈振西,王啟基;利用人工種草改良柴達木盆地棄耕鹽堿地[J];草業(yè)學報;2003年05期

8 孫中峰,張學培,張曉明,魏學慶;晉西黃土區(qū)林地坡面土壤水分異質(zhì)性研究[J];干旱地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)研究;2004年02期

9 劉發(fā)民,張應華,仵彥卿,張小軍;黑河流域荒漠地區(qū)梭梭人工林地土壤水分動態(tài)研究[J];干旱區(qū)研究;2002年01期

10 孫宗玖;安沙舟;馬金昌;;圍欄封育對草原植被及多樣性的影響[J];干旱區(qū)研究;2007年05期

相關碩士學位論文 前2條

1 張勇娟;圍欄封育下蒿類草地群落的變化及其適應性的研究[D];新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學;2010年

2 周晨霓;重慶南川石漠化區(qū)不同生態(tài)恢復治理模式的效益研究[D];西南大學;2010年

，

本文編號：1743200